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1.
J Infect Dis ; 223(8): 1390-1399, 2021 04 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32840612

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic reports suggest that the most severe or fatal adenoviral disease in children might be associated with human adenovirus (HAdV) type 7. However, the pathogenesis of HAdV-7-induced severe disease remains poorly understood. METHODS: HAdV-3 and HAdV-7 replication kinetics and the host response to infection were compared using ex vivo human lung tissue cultures. Furthermore, cytokine and chemokine levels and the presence of adenovirus DNA in the serum of hospitalized children infected with HAdV-7 (n = 65) or HAdV-3 (n = 48) were measured (using a multiplex immunoassay and Taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively). RESULTS: Among 471 HAdV-positive specimens, HAdV-3 or HAdV-7 was the most prevalent genotype during 2014-2016 or 2018, respectively. The incidence of severe pneumonia was higher in HAdV-7-infected than in HAdV-3-infected individuals (30.1% vs 4.5%, respectively). HAdV-7 replicated more efficiently than HAdV-3 ex vivo. Interferon-induced protein 10, interleukin 6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels were significantly higher in HAdV-7-infected than in HAdV-3-infected children. Adenovirus DNA was detected in serum samples from 40% and 4.2% of HAdV-7- and HAdV-3-infected children, respectively. Furthermore, viremia was strongly associated with severe clinical presentations. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of HAdV-7-induced severe disease was probably associated with high replication competence and hyperinflammatory responses. The detection of adenovirus DNA in blood may be useful in assessing risk for severe disease.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos , Adenovírus Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/imunologia , Adenovírus Humanos/classificação , Criança , Humanos , Incidência , Viremia
2.
BMC Cancer ; 20(1): 10, 2020 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31906882

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the only way to cure gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), and chemotherapy is the basic adjuvant management for GAC. A significant prognostic nomogram for predicting the respective disease-specific survival (DSS) rates of GAC patients who receive surgery and chemotherapy has not been established. OBJECTIVE: We were planning to establish a survival nomogram model for GAC patients who receive surgery and chemotherapy. METHODS: We identified 5764 GAC patients who had received surgery and chemotherapy from the record of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. About 70% (n = 4034) of the chosen GAC patients were randomly assigned to the training set, and the rest of the included ones (n = 1729) were assigned to the external validation set. A prognostic nomogram was constructed by the training set and the predictive accuracy of it was validated by the validation set. RESULTS: Based on the outcome of a multivariate analysis of candidate factors, a nomogram was developed that encompassed age at diagnosis, number of regional lymph nodes examined after surgery, number of positive regional lymph nodes, sex, race, grade, derived AJCC stage, summary stage, and radiotherapy status. The C-index (Harrell's concordance index) of the nomogram model was some larger than that of the traditional seventh AJCC staging system (0.707 vs 0.661). Calibration plots of the constructed nomogram displayed that the probability of DSS commendably accord with the survival rate. Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) revealed obvious increase and categorical net reclassification improvement (NRI) showed visible enhancement. IDI for 3-, 5- and 10- year DSS were 0.058, 0.059 and 0.058, respectively (P > 0.05), and NRI for 3-, 5- and 10- year DSS were 0.380 (95% CI = 0.316-0.470), 0.407 (95% CI = 0.350-0.505), and 0.413 (95% CI = 0.336-0.519), respectively. Decision curve analysis (DCA) proved that the constructed nomogram was preferable to the AJCC staging system. CONCLUSION: The constructed nomogram supplies more credible DSS predictions for GAC patients who receive surgery and chemotherapy in the general population. According to validation, the new nomogram will be beneficial in facilitating individualized survival predictions and useful when performing clinical decision-making for GAC patients who receive surgery and chemotherapy.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Nomogramas , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Linfonodos/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Probabilidade , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Adulto Jovem
3.
Biomicrofluidics ; 9(4): 044123, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26339322

RESUMO

The time-dependent nucleation phase is critical to amyloid fibrillation and related to many pathologies, in which the conversion from natively folded amyloidogenic proteins to oligomers via nucleation is often hypothesized as a possible underlying mechanism. In this work, non-uniform AC-electric fields across two asymmetric electrodes were explored to control and examine the aggregation of insulin, a model amyloid protein, in aqueous buffer solution at constant temperature (20 °C) by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Insulin was rapidly concentrated in a strong AC-field by imposed AC-electroosmosis flow over an optimal frequency range of 0.5-2 kHz. In the presence of an AC-field, direct fibrillation from insulin monomers without the formation of oligomer precursors was observed. Once the insulin concentration had nearly doubled its initial concentration, insulin aggregates were observed in solution. The measured lag time for the onset of insulin aggregation, determined from the abrupt reduction in insulin concentration in solution, was significantly shortened from months or years in the absence of AC-fields to 1 min-3 h under AC-fields. The ability of external fields to alter amyloid nucleation kinetics provides insights into the onset of amyloid fibrillation.

4.
Langmuir ; 31(14): 4246-54, 2015 Apr 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25803421

RESUMO

The effects of cosolutes on amyloid aggregation kinetics in vivo are critical and not fully understood. To explore the effects of cosolute additives, the in vitro behavior of destabilizing and stabilizing osmolytes with polymer cosolutes on the aggregation of a model amyloid, human insulin, is probed using experiments coupled with an amyloid aggregation reaction model. The destabilizing osmolyte, guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), induces biphasic behavior on the amyloid aggregation rate exhibited by an enhancement of the aggregation kinetics at low concentrations of GuHCl (<0.6 M) and a reduction in kinetics at higher GuHCl concentrations. Stabilizing osmolytes, glycerol, sorbitol and trimethylamine N-oxide, slow the rate of aggregation by reducing the rate of monomer unfolding. Polymer cosolutes, polyvinylpyrrolidone 3.5 kDa and 40 kDa, delay amyloid aggregation mainly through a decrease in the nucleation reaction. These results are in good agreement with the volume exclusion principle for polymer crowding and supports the need to include conformational rearrangement of monomers prior to nucleation. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we demonstrate that amyloid aggregation is nondiffusion limited, except during fibril accumulation in the presence of high concentrations of long chain polymers. Lastly, the neutral surface area of osmolytes correlates well with the time to initiate fibril formation, tlag, which implicates an intrinsic osmolyte property underlying preferential interactions.


Assuntos
Amiloide/química , Insulina/química , Osmose/efeitos dos fármacos , Agregados Proteicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Difusão , Guanidina/farmacologia , Humanos , Cinética , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Termodinâmica
5.
Adv Mater ; 26(35): 6093-9, 2014 Sep 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24841621

RESUMO

Conventional wisdom tells us that interfacial thermal transport is more efficient when the interface adhesion energy is enhanced. In this study, it is demonstrated that molecular bridges consisting of small molecules chemically absorbed on solid surfaces can enhance the thermal transport across hard-soft material interfaces by as much as 7-fold despite a significant decrease in the interface adhesion energy. This work provides an unconventional strategy to improve thermal transport across material interfaces.

6.
J Phys Chem B ; 115(51): 15167-73, 2011 Dec 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22082148

RESUMO

The lateral diffusion of ionic fluorescent molecules atop polyelectrolyte brushes was adopted to probe the distribution of counterions of the polyelectrolyte brushes. With a combination of single molecule fluorescence techniques, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single molecule fluorescence imaging, the lateral diffusion of the ionic probes (sulforhodamine B, rhodamine 6G) at the top of the model polyelectrolyte brushes with the opposite charges, poly([2-(methylacryloyloxyl)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), was studied with different external salt concentrations. A huge decrease of the diffusion rate of the probes was observed at salt concentrations 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that for any detectable change of brushes thickness could be observed. The results reflect the early collapse of the top portion of the polyelectrolyte brushes and also the penetration of the probes into the brushes due to the increase of osmotic pressure by the salt level in the solution. The diffusion of the fluorescent counterion can serve as a very sensitive probe of the structure atop the polyelectrolyte brushes.

7.
ACS Chem Biol ; 6(6): 636-47, 2011 Jun 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21417339

RESUMO

BIO8898 is one of several synthetic organic molecules that have recently been reported to inhibit receptor binding and function of the constitutively trimeric tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family cytokine CD40 ligand (CD40L, aka CD154). Small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interfaces are relatively rare, and their discovery is often very challenging. Therefore, to understand how BIO8898 achieves this feat, we characterized its mechanism of action using biochemical assays and X-ray crystallography. BIO8898 inhibited soluble CD40L binding to CD40-Ig with a potency of IC(50) = 25 µM and inhibited CD40L-dependent apoptosis in a cellular assay. A co-crystal structure of BIO8898 with CD40L revealed that one inhibitor molecule binds per protein trimer. Surprisingly, the compound binds not at the surface of the protein but by intercalating deeply between two subunits of the homotrimeric cytokine, disrupting a constitutive protein-protein interface and breaking the protein's 3-fold symmetry. The compound forms several hydrogen bonds with the protein, within an otherwise hydrophobic binding pocket. In addition to the translational splitting of the trimer, binding of BIO8898 was accompanied by additional local and longer-range conformational perturbations of the protein, both in the core and in a surface loop. Binding of BIO8898 is reversible, and the resulting complex is stable and does not lead to detectable dissociation of the protein trimer. Our results suggest that a set of core aromatic residues that are conserved across a subset of TNF family cytokines might represent a generic hot-spot for the induced-fit binding of trimer-disrupting small molecules.


Assuntos
Ligante de CD40/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridinas/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Animais , Antígenos CD40/imunologia , Antígenos CD40/isolamento & purificação , Ligante de CD40/imunologia , Ligante de CD40/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Cricetinae , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Fragmentos Fc das Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Fragmentos Fc das Imunoglobulinas/isolamento & purificação , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Peso Molecular , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/química , Pirrolidinas/síntese química , Pirrolidinas/química
8.
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi ; 38(1): 15-7, 2003 Feb.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12778759

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility and reliability of the hyoid-sternohyoid graft transfer in the correction of server subglottic laryngotracheal stenosis, and delineate the operation skills and clinical results. METHODS: Seven patients with severe subglottic stenosis underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction using the hyoid grafts with sternohyoid muscle flaps (HG-SHMF). Five of these patients had traumatic subglottic stenosis, one with scar tissue of unknown etiology arising in the subglottic region, another with tracheal narrowing caused by inhalation of hydrochloric acid. RESULTS: All seven patients were successfully decannulated with moderate good voice. The average time from reconstruction to decannulation was 15.4 months. The stent was endoscopically removed with a range of 3 to 22 months; the mean time required for stenting was 9.6 months. Two patients who received additional salvage reconstruction procedures because of graft or stent displacement were extubated with improved voices and satisfactory airway. CONCLUSIONS: The HG-SHMF transfer was a single-stage reconstruction, relatively simple procedure that can restore an adequate airway and a good voice. Patients undergoing laryngotracheal reconstruction with HG-SHMF must have regular, long-term follow-up since graft displacement and recurrent granulation tissue or scar reformation can cause restenosis after an initially successful surgery. This procedure should be used in a large number of patients to further test its reliability.


Assuntos
Glote/cirurgia , Osso Hioide/cirurgia , Laringoestenose/cirurgia , Músculos do Pescoço/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Estenose Traqueal/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica
9.
Mol Divers ; 7(1): 3-14, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14768899

RESUMO

Combinatorial library design can be carried out at either the reagent or the product level. Various reports in the literature have come to conflicting conclusions in favor of one over the other. In this paper a reagent-based screening library design strategy is presented. The method relies on analysis of scaffolds and building blocks separately to define the overall diversity in a compound file. The primary diversity selection by properties relevant for molecular recognition and by redundancy is followed by the application of filters for molecular properties known to be relevant for drug-likeness. Filter properties are rapidly estimated at the product level using a fragmental estimation approach. Initial experimental data suggest that high diversity in vast screening libraries can be achieved by carefully applied reagent level analysis. A potential role of diverse screening libraries in chemical genomics (pharmacological knockouts) is also discussed.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Desenho de Fármacos , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Genômica , Indicadores e Reagentes , Bibliotecas , Modelos Moleculares , Validação de Programas de Computador
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