Clone correlation of carbapene m-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in en-vironment of intensive care units in Guangzhou City / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the clone correlation of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)in the environment of intensive care units(ICUs)in Guangzhou City,identify genotypes,and provide basis for prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection(HAI).Methods 39 strains of CRAB isolated from en-vironment of ICUs in 7 hospitals in Guangzhou City were collected,susceptibility to 10 kinds of antimicrobial agents was detected by Kirby-Bauer method,OXA gene of strains was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),clone polymorphism analysis was performed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).Results Among 39 strains of CRAB,resistance rate to levofloxacin was the lowest(56.4%),resistance rates to other 9 antimicrobial agents were all>90%. PCR results showed that 39 strains(100%)of CRAB all car-ried OXA-51 gene,37(94.9%)carried OXA-23 gene,but OXA-24 and OXA-58 genes were not found. PFGE showed that 38 CRAB strains were divided into 5 clones,group A was the main epidemic clone,MLST analysis showed that the main clone of CRAB was ST195.Conclusion Transmission of CRAB clone carrying OXA-23 gene exists in the ICU environment of Guangzhou City,cleaning and disinfection of ICU environment should be intensi-fied,so as to reduce HAI caused by CRAB.

[Studies on resistance of Schistosoma to praziquantel Xâ ¥ Biological characteristics of praziquantel-resistant isolates of Schistomoma japonicum in Oncomelania hupensis snails].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference of biological characteristics between the praziquantel-resistant and -susceptible isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails. METHODS: Mice were infected with cercariae of praziquantel-resistant and -susceptible isolates of S. japonicum, and the parasite eggs were collected 37 days post-infection to hatch miracidium. Then, the snails were infected with the miracidium of each parasite isolate. The snail infection, survival rate of infected snails, prepatent period of cercariae, and the total number of cercariae shed from each infected snail were observed and compared between the praziquantel-resistant and -susceptible isolates of S. japonicum. RESULTS: If each snail was exposed to a single miracidium, there were significant differences between the praziquantel-resistant and -susceptible Jiangsu isolates in the snail infection (8.99% vs. 19.74%; χ2 = 3.948, P = 0.047) and the number of cercaria released from a single snail (1 460.2 vs. 1 039.3; t = 2.507, P = 0.02), and there were significant differences between the praziquantel-susceptible and -resistant Hunan isolates in the snail infection (10.00% vs. 21.52%; χ2 = 3.980, P = 0.046) and the number of cercaria released from a single snail (1 319.4 vs. 1 003.5; t = 2.566, P = 0.017). However, there were no significant differences between the praziquantel-resistant and -susceptible isolates of S. japonicum in the prepatent period of cercariae and the survival rate of infected snails (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum has a higher susceptibility to O. hupensis but less cercaria released from each infected snail than the susceptible isolate.

[Studies on resistance of Schistosoma to praziquantel XVII Biological characteristics of praziquantel-resistant isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological characteristics of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of Schistosoma japonicum in mice, so as to explore the pathogenicity to definitive hosts and transmission intensity of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum. METHODS: Mice were infected with the cercariae released from two praziquantel-resistant isolates and two praziquantel-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum. The mouse-Oncomelania hupensis snail-mouse cycle was established and maintained in the laboratory. The prepatent period of parasite eggs, egg production, egg distribution in mice, parasite susceptibility to mice and egg size were investigated in each parasite isolate. RESULTS: The prepatent period of parasite eggs, egg counts in mouse feces, adult worms recovered from each mouse, egg counts in mouse tissues, egg counts in the mouse liver, and egg counts in intestine tissues were 36.1 d and 36.8 d (t = 0.907, P = 0.372), 14.6 / 100 mg and 21.2 / 100 mg (t = 2.946, P = 0.007), 20.5 and 25.1 worms per mouse (t = 2.128, P = 0.042), 31 303 and 38 594 per paired adult worm (t = 2.185, P = 0.04), 14 810 and 19 715 per paired adult worm (t = 2.934, P = 0.007), and 16 493 and 18 879 per paired adult worm (t = 1.044, P = 0.309) in the mice infected with Jiangsu praziquantel-susceptible and -resistant isolates of S. japonicum, respectively, and there were no significant differences between Jiangsu praziquantel-susceptible and -resistant isolates of S. japonicum in the length of paired adult worms (t = 0.328, P = 0.744), female adult worms (t = 0.386, P = 0.701) or male adult worms (t = 0.332, P = 0.741). The prepatent period of parasite eggs, egg counts in mouse feces, adult worms recovered from each mouse, egg counts in mouse tissues, egg counts in the mouse liver, and egg counts in intestine tissues were 35.5 d and 35.6 d (t = 0.169, P = 0.867), 13.3/100 mg and 18.9/100 mg (t = 3.622, P = 0.001), 17.6 and 25.1 worms per mouse (t = 3.153, P = 0.004), 30 932 and 53 903 per paired adult worm (t = 3.865, P = 0.001), 12 307 and 26 363 per paired adult worm (t = 4.388, P < 0.01), and 18 625 and 27 541 per paired adult worm (t = 2.679, P = 0.012) in the mice infected with Hunan praziquantel-susceptible and -resistant isolates of S. japonicum, respectively, and there were no significant differences between Hunan praziquantel - susceptible and - resistant isolates of S. japonicum in the length of paired adult worms (t = 0.853, P = 0.397), female adult worms (t = 0.573, P = 0.569) or male adult worms (t = 0.742, P = 0.461). CONCLUSIONS: The praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum has a higher parasite egg production and more eggs deposited in the mouse liver than drug-susceptible isolate, suggesting that the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum exhibits a greater pathogenicity to definitive hosts. In addition, more parasite eggs are detected in the feces of mice infected with the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum relative to the drug-susceptible isolate, indicating that the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum exhibits a greater transmissibility than the drug-susceptible isolate.