The exploration of artificial incubation of Cherax quadricarinatus eggs.

The redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, is an economically valuable freshwater crayfish. However, some production obstacles, such as a low egg hatching rate and asynchronous hatching, are hindering its development in the aquaculture industry. Artificial incubation of eggs may solve these problems. This study explored the technology of artificial incubation of redclaw crayfish eggs. The following results were obtained: 1) 75% alcohol as a disinfectant for 60 s had a preferable antibacterial effect and promoted the hatching rate; 2) densities of 300 and 600 eggs/incubator resulted in significantly higher hatching and survival rates than a density of 900 eggs/incubator; 3) at a density of 600 eggs/incubator, the optimum number of net pieces for attachment of freshly hatched juveniles was 20 per incubator; 4) with a density of 600 eggs/incubator and 20 net pieces/incubator, the hatching rate was 82.05% ± 4.09%, the survival rate was 55.12% ± 7.51%, and a total of 129,200 SPF (specific pathogen-free) seedlings were cultivated. This artificial incubation system was maintained at close to an aseptic state, with an absence of white spot virus, iridovirus, Vibrio and ciliates; this was true for all water sources used and for incubation of both eggs and juvenile crayfish. In conclusion, if we implement reasonable methods of disinfection, SPF detection and pathogen isolation and utilize optimal egg densities and incubation systems, large-scale production of SPF seedlings of Cherax quadricarinatus is possible.

Efficacy comparison of combined and single operation for senile lower eyelid entropion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To compare the clinical effect of the lower eyelid retractor muscle transposition and eyelid orbicularis muscle folding shorten combined with lower eyelid retractor muscle transposition in the treatment of senile lower eyelid entropion. <p>METHODS: Sixty-four cases(85 eyes)with senile lower entropion were divided into Group A(31 cases 42 eyes)and Group B(33 cases 43 eyes)according to the different ways of operation from January 2013 to October 2014 in our hospital. Patients in Group A were treated by eyelid retractor muscle transposition while patients in Group B treated by eyelid orbicularis muscle folding shortening combined with lower eyelid retractor muscle transposition. The short-term and long-term therapeutic efficacy and two-year recurrence rates after operation were compared between the two groups. <p>RESULTS: The short-term effective rate of patients in Group B was higher than that of Group A while the difference was not statistically significant(98% <i>vs</i> 95%, <i>P</i>>0.05). The long-term effective rate of patients in Group B was higher than that of Group A and the difference was statistically significant(95% <i>vs </i>83%)and two-year recurrence rate of patients in Group B was lower than that of Group A(5% <i>vs</i> 17%)and the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION:The clinical curative effect of eyelid orbicularis muscle folding shortening combined with lower eyelid retractor muscle transposition is better than single retractor muscle transposition in the treatment of senile lower eyelid entropion.