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ObjectiveTo construct traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnostic scale of turbid toxin syndrome in order to provide corresponding reference for the standardization of TCM syndromes and studies. MethodsWe systematically searched the Chinese Medical Dictionary (CMD), China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (WF) and VIP database for TCM classics and modern literature on turbid toxin syndrome, and initially screened the four diagnosis information of turbid toxin syndrome, established a pool of information entries, and conducted a cross-sectional clinical survey. Discrete trend method, correlation coefficient method, Cronbach's coefficient method, and factor analysis method were applied to objectively screen the entries. The diagnostic scale of turbid toxin syndrome were constructed through three rounds of Delphi method expert survey to determine the scale entries, using hierarchical analysis to get the judgement matrix scores and relative weight of each entry, after passing consistency test and then isometric expansion of the relative weight of the entries to get the weight of each entry and assign the value. ResultsA total of 35 articles were included, 45 entries were obtained after the initial screening. After the clinical investigation, 12 entries were not suitable by the discrete trend method, 23 entries not suitable by correlation coefficient method, 13 entries by the internal consistency screening were removed with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient rising, and 10 entries not suitable by the factor analysis method. Twenty-two entries were retained after objective screening by the combined use of the four statistical methods. The positive coefficients of experts in the three rounds of Delphi method of expert consultation were 96.67%, the coefficients of expert authority were 0.834, 0.856, and 0.867, and the coefficients of co-ordination were 0.126, 0.326, and 0.312, respectively. After consulting with clinical experts, and three rounds of Delphi method survey and hierarchical analysis method weight assignment, the diagnostic scale entries of turbid toxin syndrome were finally established. Primary symptoms: dark red or purple and dusky tongue, yellowish greasy or dry coating (10 points); sticky and unpleasant stools (8 points); disharmony of tastes including halitosis, sticky and greasy taste in the mouth, dry mouth and bitter taste in the mouth (6 points); unfavourable or yellowish or red urination (5 points); and dark complexion (4 points). Secondary symptoms: heavy body (3 points); dizziness (3 points); profuse, sticky, foul-smelling secretions (2 points); wiry and slippery, or slippery, or slippery and rapid pulse (2 points); feeling of hardness in the abdomen (1 point). ConclusionUsing Delphi method combined with the hierarchical analysis method, combining qualitative and quantitative study, a diagnostic scale of turbid toxin syndrome was initially developed.
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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial regulatory role in the development and progression of multiple cancers. However, the potential mechanism by which lncRNAs affect the recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer remains unclear. In the current study, the lncRNA LOC646029 was markedly downregulated in metastatic ovarian tumors compared with primary tumors. Gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that LOC646029 inhibits the proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the downregulation of LOC646029 in metastatic ovarian tumors was strongly correlated with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, LOC646029 served as a miR-627-3p sponge to promote the expression of Sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1, which is necessary for suppressing tumor metastasis and inhibiting KRAS signaling. Collectively, our results demonstrated that LOC646029 is involved in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer, which may be a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Humanos , Feminino , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA Endógeno Competitivo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Movimento Celular/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismoRESUMO
Cell mechanics is essential to cell development and function,and its dynamics evolution reflects the physiological state of cells.Here,we investigate the dynamical mechanical properties of single cells under various drug conditions,and present two mathematical approaches to quantitatively character-izing the cell physiological state.It is demonstrated that the cellular mechanical properties upon the drug action increase over time and tend to saturate,and can be mathematically characterized by a linear time-invariant dynamical model.It is shown that the transition matrices of dynamical cell systems signifi-cantly improve the classification accuracies of the cells under different drug actions.Furthermore,it is revealed that there exists a positive linear correlation between the cytoskeleton density and the cellular mechanical properties,and the physiological state of a cell in terms of its cytoskeleton density can be predicted from its mechanical properties by a linear regression model.This study builds a relationship between the cellular mechanical properties and the cellular physiological state,adding information for evaluating drug efficacy.
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To investigate the bioelectrochemical enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) nitrogen removal process, a bioelectrochemical system with coupled anammox cathode was constructed using a dual-chamber microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Specifically, a dark incubation batch experiment was conducted at 30 ℃ with different influent total nitrogen concentrations under an applied voltage of 0.2 V, and the enhanced denitrification mechanism was investigated by combining various characterization methods such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and high-throughput sequencing methods. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal rates of 96.9%±0.3%, 97.3%±0.4% and 99.0%±0.3% were obtained when the initial total nitrogen concentration was 200, 300 and 400 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the cathode electrode biofilm showed good electrochemical activity. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the applied voltage enriched other denitrifying functional groups, including Denitratisoma, Limnobacter, and ammonia oxidizing bacteria SM1A02 and Anaerolineaceae, Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrospira, besides the anammox bacteria. These electrochemically active microorganisms comprised of ammonium oxidizing exoelectrogens (AOE) and denitrifying electrotrophs (DNE). Together with anammox bacteria Candidatus Brocadia, they constituted the microbial community structure of denitrification system. Enhanced direct interspecies electron transfer between AOE and DNE was the fundamental reason for the further improvement of the total nitrogen removal rate of the system.
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Desnitrificação , Águas Residuárias , Oxidação Anaeróbia da Amônia , Nitrogênio , Oxirredução , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Compostos de Amônio , Bactérias/genética , Microbiota , EsgotosRESUMO
Purpose@#This study attempted to detect the changes of cervical cancer screening rate and willingness among female migrants, and the associated socio-demographic factors in Shenzhen city. @*Materials and Methods@#Two citywide surveys were conducted using a multistage random cluster sampling method in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Data on demographic characteristics, screening participation, and willingness to screen were collected. Logistic regression models were applied to detect possible associated socio-demographic characteristics, and their variations with survey years. @*Results@#In total, 12,017 female migrants were enrolled, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 36.73 (6.55) years. From 2011 to 2014, the screening rate increased (25.8% vs. 35.1%, p < 0.001), while the willingness to screen remained stable (82.2% vs. 82.8%, p=0.46). Overall, socio-demographic characteristics of female migrants, including age, marital status, education, monthly income, employment, and medical insurance, were found to be positively associated with screening participation. Similar impacts in relation to willingness were observed except for age. However, these associations varied with survey years, mainly in the contributions of education and monthly income to screening participation, as well as age, monthly income, and medical insurance to willingness of being screened. @*Conclusion@#Identifying changes of associated socio-demographic factors precisely is warranted of necessity, which provides novel clues to adjust targeted actions regularly in promoting cervical cancer screening participation among female migrants in Shenzhen.
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Objective@#To compare 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) for stage IB1 and tumor size <2 cm with visible or invisible tumors. @*Methods@#We retrospectively compared the oncological outcomes of 1,484 cervical cancer patients with IB1 and tumor size <2 cm on final pathology, who received ARH (n=899) or LRH (n=585) between January 2004 and December 2016. Patients were divided into visible tumor subgroup (ARH: n=668, LRH: n=444) and invisible tumor subgroup (ARH: n=231, LRH:n=141) according to tumor type. @*Results@#LRH and ARH showed similar 5-year DFS and OS rates (93.3% vs. 93.1%, p=0.997;96.2% vs. 97.5%, p=0.351) in total study population. LRH was not associated with worse 5-year DFS rate (hazard ratio [HR]=0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.58–1.58; p=0.871) or OS rate (HR=1.37; 95% CI=0.65–2.89; p=0.409) by multivariable analysis. In the visible tumor subgroups, LRH and ARH showed similar 5-year DFS and OS rates (91.9% vs. 91.9%, p=0.933; 95.0% vs. 96.9%, p=0.276), and LRH was not associated with worse 5-year DFS or OS rate (p=0.804, p=0.324). In the invisible tumor subgroups, LRH and ARH also showed similar 5-year DFS and OS rates (97.3% vs. 97.1%, p=0.815; 100% vs. 99.5%, p=0.449), and LRH was not associated with worse 5-year DFS rate (p=0.723). @*Conclusions@#Among patients with stage IB1 and tumor size <2 cm, whether the tumor is visible or not, the oncological outcomes of LRH and ARH among cervical cancer patients are comparable. This suggests that LRH may be suitable for stage IB1 and tumor size <2 cm with visible or invisible tumors.
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Lignin valorization for fuels and value-added products is essential to enhance the profitability and sustainability of biorefineries. Due to the complex and heterogeneous structure of lignin, technical barriers hinder the implementation of economic lignin utilization. Here, we summarize the major challenges facing lignin valorization processes. Different pretreatment methods, especially emerging combinatorial pretreatment approaches for isolating and tailoring lignin are introduced. To overcome the heterogeneity of lignin structure and improve lignin processability, advances in fractionation approaches including organosolv extraction, membrane technology, and gradient precipitation are analyzed and presented. Furthermore, progress in lignin valorization by thermochemical and biological conversion coupling with pretreatment and fractionation are systematically reviewed. Finally, we discuss advanced strategies and perspectives for future research involving biomass pretreatment, lignin fractionation and conversion processes.
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Biomassa , LigninaRESUMO
Our main aim is to estimate the end of the first wave epidemic of COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China. We developed mathematical models to predict reasonable bounds on the date of end of the COVID-19 epidemics in mainland China with strong quarantine and testing measures for a sufficiently long time. We used reported data in China from January 20, 2020 to April 9, 2020. We firstly used a deterministic approach to obtain a formula to compute the probability distribution of the extinction date by combining the models and continuous-time Markov processes. Then we present the individual based model (IMB) simulations to compare the result by deterministic approach and show the absolute difference between the estimated cumulative probability distribution computed by simulations and formula. We provide the predictions of the end of the first wave epidemic for different fractions f of asymptomatic infectious that become reported symptomatic infectious.
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We model the COVID-19 coronavirus epidemics in China, South Korea, Italy, France, Germany and United Kingdom. We use early reported case data to predict the cumulative number of reported cases to a final size in each country. The key features of our model are the timing of implementation of major public policies restricting social movement, the identification and isolation of unreported cases, and the impact of asymptomatic infectious cases.
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1In this work, our team develops a differential equations model of COVID-19 epidemics. Our goal is to predict forward in time the future number of cases from early reported case data in regions throughout the world. Our model incorporates the following important elements of COVID-19 epidemics: (1) the number of asymptomatic infectious individuals (with very mild or no symptoms), (2) the number of symptomatic reported infectious individuals (with severe symptoms) and (3) the number of symptomatic unreported infectious individuals (with less severe symptoms). We apply our model to COVID-!9 epidemics in South Korea, Italy and Spain.
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We model the COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic in China. We use early reported case data to predict the cumulative number of reported cases to a final size. The key features of our model are the timing of implementation of major public policies restricting social movement, the identification and isolation of unreported cases, and the impact of asymptomatic infectious cases.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the characteristics of growth and metabolism and the toxicity of under different conditions.@*METHODS@#We observed the growth of and under routine culture conditions and in different pH and salt concentrations, and compared their activities of sugar fermentation using microbiochemical reaction tubes. Four-week-old nude mice were randomized into infection group (=5), infection group (=5) and control group (=5) for intragastric administration of 0.3 mL suspension the two (5×10 cfu/mL) or 0.3 mL normal saline. Samples of the liver, kidney, intestine, feces and blood were taken for analysis of the distribution and toxicity of by fungal culture and histopathological examination.@*RESULTS@# exhibited logarithmic growth at 8-24 h after inoculation and showed stable growth after 24 h. showed optimal growth within the pH value range of 5-7 with a growth pattern identical to that of . grew better than in media containing 5% and 10% NaCl, and could ferment glucose, sucrose, trehalose and sorbitol. could be isolated from the feces, blood, liver and kidney of infected nude mice, and the liver had the highest fungal load (5.7 log cfu/g). could cause pathological changes in the liver and intestine of the mice, but with a lesser severity as compared with .@*CONCLUSIONS@# exhibits optimal growth in mildly acidic or neutral conditions with a high salt tolerance, and can potentially penetrate the intestinal barrier into blood and lead to tissue injuries in hosts with immunosuppression.
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Animais , Camundongos , Antifúngicos , Candida , Candida albicans , Candidíase , Fígado , Camundongos NusRESUMO
Objective:The research was aimed to discuss the role of science and technology research in the public health emergency response, and to provide theoretical support for building Healthy China, implementing the National Strategy of Innovation-Driven Development.Methods:Take COVID-19 as an example, to sum up the characteristics and the function of science and technology research in the public health emergency prevention and control system.Results:In order to make the scientific and technological research as the supporting system in public health emergency, we need to strengthen the basic research, to improve the research and development for controlling product with the independent intellectual property, to optimize the training system and evaluating system in public health technology, to deepen the international collaboration and to popularize the basic scientific knowledge.Conclusions:Through systematically arrangement for disease controlling and prevention, for the industrial supporting, for the health improvement, for the talent training system and for the cooperation and the communication, we need to fasten the technological innovation for better preparation and responding to public health emergencies.
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Purpose@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the differences on awareness and attitude towards human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccine between local and migrant residents who participated in cervical cancer screening in Shenzhen, China. @*Materials and Methods@#A total of 9,855 females sampled from healthcare institutions in 20 street blocks through the Cervical Cancer Prevention Network were surveyed in this study by a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore the role of the hukou and resident status in the willingness to receive HPV vaccination. @*Results@#Local residents had a relatively higher awareness of HPV (62.0% vs. 35.6% vs. 29.9%, p 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Inequalities in awareness and attitude towards HPV and its vaccine existed between local and migrant residents in Shenzhen. The hukou and resident status did impact on the willingness to receive HPV vaccination, therefore, it is critical to implement effective health education campaigns on HPV and its vaccine among internal migrants.
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Objective@#The research was aimed to discuss the role of science and technology research in the public health emergency response, and to provide theoretical support for building Healthy China, implementing the National Strategy of Innovation-Driven Development.@*Methods@#Take COVID-19 as an example, to sum up the characteristics and the function of science and technology research in the public health emergency prevention and control system.@*Results@#In order to make the scientific and technological research as the supporting system in public health emergency, we need to strengthen the basic research, to improve the research and development for controlling product with the independent intellectual property, to optimize the training system and evaluating system in public health technology, to deepen the international collaboration and to popularize the basic scientific knowledge.@*Conclusions@#Through systematically arrangement for disease controlling and prevention, for the industrial supporting, for the health improvement, for the talent training system and for the cooperation and the communication, we need to fasten the technological innovation for better preparation and responding to public health emergencies.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the characteristics of growth and metabolism and the toxicity of under different conditions.@*METHODS@#We observed the growth of and under routine culture conditions and in different pH and salt concentrations, and compared their activities of sugar fermentation using microbiochemical reaction tubes. Four-week-old nude mice were randomized into infection group (=5), infection group (=5) and control group (=5) for intragastric administration of 0.3 mL suspension the two (5×10 cfu/mL) or 0.3 mL normal saline. Samples of the liver, kidney, intestine, feces and blood were taken for analysis of the distribution and toxicity of by fungal culture and histopathological examination.@*RESULTS@# exhibited logarithmic growth at 8-24 h after inoculation and showed stable growth after 24 h. showed optimal growth within the pH value range of 5-7 with a growth pattern identical to that of . grew better than in media containing 5% and 10% NaCl, and could ferment glucose, sucrose, trehalose and sorbitol. could be isolated from the feces, blood, liver and kidney of infected nude mice, and the liver had the highest fungal load (5.7 log cfu/g). could cause pathological changes in the liver and intestine of the mice, but with a lesser severity as compared with .@*CONCLUSIONS@# exhibits optimal growth in mildly acidic or neutral conditions with a high salt tolerance, and can potentially penetrate the intestinal barrier into blood and lead to tissue injuries in hosts with immunosuppression.
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Animais , Camundongos , Candida , Candida albicans , Candidíase , Microbiologia , Meios de Cultura , Camundongos Nus , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
The World Health Organization(WHO)has set the goal to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, and the key to achieve this ambitious goal lies on the standardized and precise management of pregnant women and their infants by effectively blocking mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Standardized management includes screening and antiviral intervention during pregnancy, infant immunization, and evaluation of immune effect, breastfeeding and mode of delivery. The results of randomized controlled clinical trials and real-world data have confirmed that the comprehensive prevention strategy based on combined immune prophylaxis of neonates can effectively block MTCT of HBV. It is one of the key links to eliminate viral hepatitis in our country, and to formulate a new strategy in line with the public health needs at home and abroad and thereby promote the implementation and application of standardized management process to improve the public's awareness of the disease.
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The China Foundation of Hepatitis Prevention and Control (CFHPC) initiated a project named, "getting to zero mother-to-child transmission of Hepatitis B," in July 2015, which aims to further reduce the incidence of mother-to-child transmission through standardized follow-up management of pregnant women and their infants with chronic hepatitis B virus infection by means of mobile medical application. Over the past three years, the project has established a nationwide collaborative network for interruption of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus, with 123 hospitals as project members. In addition, it has formulated a technical guidance document (Clinical Management Algorithm for Interrupting Mother-to-Child Transmission of HBV), which is designed and developed as a mobile medical application (SHIELD APP), and was released in an international conference on the theme to eliminate viral hepatitis. Following the measures mentioned above, the public's awareness rate of hepatitis B have been raised, and a good social atmosphere has been formed, which has played a positive role in promoting the prevention and control of viral hepatitis in China.
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Objective@#To investigate the impact of immediate cessation of antiviral therapy on postpartum liver function and the factors influencing postpartum abnormality in mothers with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.@*Methods@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted. One hundred eighty-eight pregnant women with HBV DNA level > 2×106 IU/ml were enrolled from June 2014 to June 2018. Demographic information and clinical data of liver function and HBV DNA load during gravidity, intrapartum and postpartum period were collected. According to the antiviral treatment recommendations during pregnancy, the women were divided into three groups, namely, tenofovir (TDF), telbivudine (LdT) and control group. Liver function abnormalities among the three groups were compared within 6 months after delivery, and the factors influencing abnormal liver function were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression.@*Results@#Of the 188 cases, 72 cases were in the TDF group, 80 cases in the LdT group, and 36 cases in the control group. Pregnant women in the TDF and LdT groups received oral TDF (300 mg/d) and LdT (600 mg/d) from 28 ± 4 weeks of gestation till delivery. Among the 188 patients, 30 (16.0%) had abnormal postpartum liver function abnormality. The incidence of postpartum liver function abnormality [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2 × upper limit of normal (ULN)] in the TDF, LdT, and control groups was 19.4%, 12.5%, and 16.7%, respectively. The postpartum peak levels of ALT (median, range) in the three groups were 34.5 (12.0-946.0) U/L, 37.5 (12.0-733.8) U/L, and 39.0 (7.0-513.0) U/L, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two indexes among the three groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of postpartum liver function abnormalities between the three groups (P = 0.944). Most of the liver function abnormalities were mild to moderate (2 × ULN≤ALT < 10 × ULN), and usually resolved spontaneously or by treatment. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that baseline ALT level during pregnancy was an independent factor associated with postpartum liver function abnormality (OR = 1.031, CI 95%: 1.005-1.058; χ2 = 5.340, P = 0.021), whereas age, antiviral therapy, HBeAg-positivity, baseline HBV DNA levels, gravidity, parity, preterm delivery and delivery mode were not significantly associated with postpartum liver function abnormality.@*Conclusion@#Cessation of antiviral therapy after delivery did not significantly increase the risk of postpartum liver function abnormality in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection. The ALT level during pregnancy is a factor influencing postpartum liver function abnormality.
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Objective@#To detect the expressions of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) and P185 protein in breast cancer tissues and serum, and to analyze the correlation between the expression levels of EGFL7 and P185 in tissues and clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer patients.@*Methods@#Sixty patients with breast cancer in Hunan Cancer Hospital from March 2016 to March 2018 were collected as observation group, and 60 patients with breast benign lesions in the hospital during the same period were selec-ted as control group. The expressions of EGFL7 and P185 protein in tissues of patients in the two groups were detected by immunohistochemical two-step method, and the levels of EGFL7 and P185 protein in serum of patients in the two groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationships between the expressions of EGFL7 and P185 protein and clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer patients were analyzed.@*Results@#The positive rates of EGFL7 in tissues in the observation group and the control group were 65.00% (39/60) and 28.33% (17/60), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=16.205, P<0.001). The positive rates of P185 in tissues in the two groups were 43.33% (26/60) and 15.00% (9/60), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=11.657, P=0.001). The serum levels of EGFL7 protein in the observation group and the control group were (3.39±0.38) μg/ml and (2.75±0.31) μg/ml respectively, with a significant difference (t=10.109, P<0.001). The serum levels of P185 protein in the two groups were (7.12±0.75) μg/ml and (6.08±0.62) μg/ml respectively, with a significant difference (t=8.279, P<0.001). The positive expression of EGFL7 protein was closely related to tumor size (χ2=6.128, P=0.013), TNM stage (χ2=7.781, P=0.005) and metastasis (χ2=5.444, P=0.020). The positive expression of P185 protein was closely related to tumor size (χ2=8.910, P=0.003) and TNM stage (χ2=8.024, P=0.005).@*Conclusion@#The levels of EGFL7 and P185 protein are high in breast cancer tissues and serum, and their positive expressions are related to tumor size and TNM stage. EGFL7 and P185 proteins play important roles in the progression of breast cancer.