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In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the relationship between brain tropism, neuroinflammation and host immune response has not been well characterized. We analyzed 68,557 single-nucleus transcriptomes from three brain regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medulla oblongata and choroid plexus) and identified an increased proportion of stromal cells and monocytes in the choroid plexus of COVID-19 patients. Differential gene expression, pseudo-temporal trajectory and gene regulatory network analyses revealed microglial transcriptome perturbations, mediating a range of biological processes, including cellular activation, mobility and phagocytosis. Quantification of viral spike S1 protein and SARS-CoV-2 transcripts did not support the notion of brain tropism. Overall, our findings suggest extensive neuroinflammation in patients with acute COVID-19. One Sentence SummarySingle-nucleus transcriptome analysis suggests extensive neuroinflammation in human brain tissue of patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019.
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Objective To study the curative effect and clinical safety of gimeracil and oteracil potassium combined with oxaliplatin in treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma patients.Methods From January 2009 to December 2011,116 cases with advanced gastric carcinoma were randomly chosen and divided into group A,B (58 cases in each group).Group A was given gimeracil and oteracil potassium combined with oxaliplatin,while group B was given oxaliplatin,fluorouracil and calcium folinate.Before and after dosing,the blood routine,liver and kidney function,chest CT scanning and gastroscope inspection were observed,the recent curative effect and adverse reaction of chemotherapy were analyzed.The patients' survival time and disease progression were compared.Results The curative effect of 116 patients could all be evaluated,and the effective rate of group A and group B were 48.3％(28/58) and 29.3％(17/58),while clinical benefit rate were 74.1％(43/58) and 55.2％(32/58),there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).The survival rate of two groups at different time points had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).The rate of nauseated and vomiting were 34.5％(20/58),37.9％(22/58) in group A,and 67.2％(39/58),62.1％(36/58) in group B,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The influence of drugs on blood system,common peripheral neurotoxicity,extremities syndrome and inflammation of the oral mucosa between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusions Gimeracil and oteracil potassium combined with oxaliplatin in treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma patients has better clinical effect and less complication,which is worthy of further promotion.
