Perceptions of social norms played an important role in the occurrence of casual sex among Yi minority residents in China: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Liangshan is one of the areas severely affected by both HIV and poverty in China. We investigated associations between perceptions of social norms related to casual sex and the occurrence of casual sex in lifetime among Yi minority people. Participants were Yi minority people aged 15-49 years old living in Liangshan. Of the participants, 11.8% were confirmed to be HIV-positive. About half of the participants (46.6%) had engaged in casual sex in their lifetime. All six perceptions of social norms were significantly associated with the presence of casual sex in lifetime. They were acceptable of belife: (1) casual sex in general (OR: 15.03), (2) not to use condom during casual sex (OR: 1.58), (3) a Yi woman to have more than one sex partner(OR: 4.54), (4) a Yi man to have more than one sex partner(OR: 4.51), (5) premarital sex with casual sex partner (OR: 4.29), and (6) extra-marital sex with casual sex partner (OR: 3.23). Casual sex may play an important role in facilitating HIV transmission among Yi minority people. Future interventions should consider making use of the Yi clan system to change perceptions of social norms related to casual sex.

A mathematical modeling study of the HIV epidemics at two rural townships in the Liangshan Prefecture of the Sichuan Province of China.

BACKGROUND: As a response to a severe HIV epidemic in the Liangshan Prefecture, one of the worst in China, population based HIV interventions, including two population-wide HIV screening, have been carried out since 2005 at two townships in a remote mountainous region of Liangshan. The objective of our mathematical modeling study is to assess the temporal dynamics of the HIV epidemic in the two townships based on the data collected in the study area during the period 2005-2010. METHODS: A mathematical model was set up to describe the population dynamics of HIV transmission in study area. The model was calibrated by fitting it to the HIV testing and treatment data from 2005 to 2008. Validation of the model was done by comparing its predicted value of HIV prevalence in 2010 to the prevalence data obtained in the 2010 population wide HIV testing. The validated model was used to produce estimation of HIV incidence, prevalence and death. RESULTS: Our model estimations show that population-based HIV interventions have significantly slowed down the rise of the HIV epidemic in the two townships. Over the five-year period from 2005 to 2010, the year-over-year rate of increase in HIV incidence, prevalence, and death has declined by 91.5%, 28.7%, and 52.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Mathematical models, when integrated with epidemiological and surveillance data, can be an effective tool for predicting the temporal dynamics of HIV and assessing the impacts of HIV interventions.