Expression of cuproptosis-related gene COX17 in breast cancer tissues and cells and its association with clinical features and patient prognosis / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探究铜死亡相关基因COX17在乳腺癌组织和细胞中的表达及其与肿瘤免疫细胞浸润、临床特征和患者预后的关系。方法：通过多种数据库数据分析COX17在人体正常组织和泛癌组织与细胞中的表达及其与患者预后的关系、COX17基因突变情况、COX17表达水平与肿瘤免疫微环境的相关性、COX17在浸润性乳腺癌中表达水平及其与患者临床病理特征的相关性、在乳腺癌细胞中COX17基因遗传突变及甲基化情况、COX17差异共表达基因的功能富集分析，构建COX17蛋白质相互作用网络及功能分析。采用免疫组化法检测COX17蛋白在国人乳腺癌组织中的表达以验证数据库分析结果。结果：COX17 mRNA广泛分布于全身组织中且在多数癌组织中呈高表达，COX17蛋白在乳腺癌等癌组织中呈高表达，COX17 mRNA表达水平明显影响乳腺癌等癌症患者的预后，COX17基因在多种癌组织中突变频率高且其主要突变类型为错义突变、扩增和深度缺失，COX17 mRNA表达水平与多种肿瘤的肿瘤纯度和多种免疫细胞浸润存在相关性，COX17蛋白水平与乳腺癌临床分期、病理分型、淋巴结转移、患者性别和年龄有关联。免疫组化法检测结果证实在国人乳腺癌组织中COX17蛋白也呈高表达，COX17基因在乳腺癌中遗传突变和修饰特征分别是截断突变和启动子区高度甲基化。COX17蛋白与ATOX1等多种蛋白表达相关且构成复杂的相互作用网络，COX17在乳腺癌中差异表达基因主要涉及氧化还原酶活性、蛋白翻译、氧化磷酸化及TNF信号通路等生物过程。结论：COX17在乳腺癌组织和细胞中呈高表达，且与癌组织的免疫细胞浸润和患者预后相关，COX17是临床治疗乳腺癌的潜在靶点。

Ultrasound-alkaline combined extraction improves the release of bound polyphenols from pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus 'Foo-Lon') peel: Composition, antioxidant activities and enzyme inhibitory activity.

In this study, ultrasound-assisted alkaline hydrolysis was used to extract polyphenols from pitahaya peel. The effects of sonication time, ultrasonic density, NaOH concentration and the liquid-material ratio on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of the extracts were studied. The composition and content difference of the extracts were analyzed and the inhibitory effect of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was measured. The results of single-factor analysis showed that when the sonication time was 45 min, the ultrasonic density was 32 W/L, the NaOH solution concentration was 6 M and the liquid-material ratio was 30 mL/g, the release of phenolic compounds was the largest and the antioxidant activity was the strongest. An UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method was used to analyze the components and contents of the extracts. We found that there was a great difference in the component content of the free polyphenol extract and the bound polyphenol extract. From the results, we concluded that there was a strong correlation between the type and content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities, indicating that phenolic compounds were the main compounds of these biological activities. Moreover, the bound polyphenol extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase was stronger than that of the free polyphenol extracts. In addition, scanning electron microscopy showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction is crucial to the destruction of the cell wall and the release of bound polyphenols. Therefore, the pitahaya peel has the potential for therapeutic, nutritional, and functional food applications, and ultrasound-assisted alkaline hydrolysis is an effective means to release phenolic compounds.

High-field transport and thermal reliability of sorted carbon nanotube network devices.

We examine the high-field operation, power dissipation, and thermal reliability of sorted carbon nanotube network (CNN) devices, with <1% to >99% semiconducting nanotubes. We combine systematic electrical measurements with infrared (IR) thermal imaging and detailed Monte Carlo simulations to study high-field transport up to CNN failure by unzipping-like breakdown. We find that metallic CNNs carry peak current densities up to an order of magnitude greater than semiconducting CNNs at comparable nanotube densities. Metallic CNNs also appear to have a factor of 2 lower intrinsic thermal resistance, suggesting a lower thermal resistance at metallic nanotube junctions. The performance limits and reliability of CNNs depend on their makeup, and could be improved by carefully engineered heat dissipation through the substrate, contacts, and nanotube junctions. These results are essential for optimization of CNN devices on transparent or flexible substrates which typically have very low thermal conductivity.