RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The growth of mitral leaflets (MLs) adaptive to left ventricluar (LV) remodeling has been observed. However, the elasticity of MLs upon mechanical stimuli would be supposed if it shrinks with LV reverse remodeling (LVRR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with idiopathic recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy (RODCM) (n = 82) and 50 matched normal controls (NC) were prospectively enrolled. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 6 months of follow-up for the anterior and posterior mitral leaflet (AML and PML) length, mitral annular dimension (MAD), and tenting height (TH). LVRR was measured as a ≥ 15% reduction in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV). RESULTS: After 6 months, LVRR was achieved in 69.5% of patients. The AML (28 ± 3 vs. 26 ± 3 mm, p = 0.004) and PML (19 ± 4 vs. 17 ± 3 mm, p < 0.001) decreased in length, as well as the MAD (31 ± 5 vs. 28 ± 5 mm, p = 0.001) and TH (10 ± 3 vs. 8 ± 2 mm, p < 0.001). Compared with the NC group, the AML and PML of the RODCM group were 16.7% and 35.7% longer at baseline and remained 8.3% and 21.2% longer at follow-up, respectively. The change in AML or PML correlated moderately with that in LVEDV (r = 0.487, p < 0.001; r = 0.516, p < 0.001, respectively). The AML and PML length decreased in the LVRR (+) subgroup (AML, 28 ± 3 vs. 26 ± 3 mm, p = 0.001; PML, 20 ± 4 vs. 16 ± 3 mm, p < 0.001), but remained the same in the LVRR (-) subgroup (27 ± 4 vs. 28 ± 4 mm, p = 0.318; 17 ± 3 vs. 17 ± 3 mm, p = 0.790). CONCLUSIONS: Enlarged MLs could reverse accompanied by LV reverse remodeling. This study provided the other facet of ML plasticity adaptive to mechanical stretching.
RESUMO
AIMS: We aim to investigate the additive effect of B-lines on lung ultrasound (LUS) for predicting outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) when combined with conventional assessment of clinical congestion. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study prospectively enrolled 117 hospitalized HF patients (61 ± 16 years, 70.1% males) who underwent congestion assessment by the 'wet/dry' status, clinical congestion score (CCS), and B-lines on LUS. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or hospitalization for HF during the 180-day follow-up after discharge. The 'Wet', CCS ≥ 3, and B-lines >5, indicators of congestion positive (+), were observed in 83.8%, 76.1%, and 70.1% of the patients on admission, respectively; and the numbers significantly decreased to 41.9%, 41.9%, and 35.9% at discharge, respectively. The agreement between the 'wet/dry' status and B-lines (58.1%) or between CCS and B-lines (56.4%) was moderate at discharge, in terms of both positive and both negative. By incorporating the B-lines with assessment of clinical congestion, the patients at discharge were divided into three phenotypes as clinical congestion (+), clinical congestion (-) with B-lines (+), and clinical congestion (-) with B-lines (-). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a better survival in the both (-) group ('wet/dry' with B-lines: Chi-square 10.591, P = 0.005; CCS with B-lines: χ2 6.239, P = 0.031). When the 'wet' patients (n = 49) being taken as the reference, the 'dry' patients with B-lines (+) (n = 21) had an identical risk of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio [HR] adjusted for clinical covariates 1.021, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.480-2.134, P = 0.974), while the 'dry' patients with B-lines (-) (n = 47) had a lower risk (HR 0.264, 95% CI 0.113-0.617, P = 0.002). When the CCS (+) patients (n = 49) being regarded as the reference, similar results were obtained in the patients with CCS (-) but B-lines (+) (n = 22) (HR 1.348, 95% CI 0.627-2.896, P = 0.444) as well as in those with both CCS (-) and B-lines (-) (n = 46) (HR 0.447, 95% CI 0.202-0.992, P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of B-lines on LUS and conventional assessment helped to identify new phenotypes of congestion that aid in the risk stratification of discharged HF patients. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether this strategy could be adopted as a guide for decongestion therapy.
