Enhanced interferon-gamma secretion and antitumor activity of T-lymphocytes activated by dendritic cells loaded with glycoengineered myeloma antigens / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Immunotherapy is emerging as a promising cure for cancer. However, a severe problem in this area is the immune tolerance to tumor cells and tumor-associated antigens, as evidenced by the ability of cancer to escape immune surveillance. To overcome this problem this work examined the potential of improving the antigenicity of myeloma by metabolic engineering of its cell surface carbohydrate antigens (i.e., glycoengineering) and presentation of the modified tumor antigens by dendritic cells (DCs) to generate cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD138+ myeloma cells were isolated from 11 multipe myeloma (MM) patients by the immunomagnetic bead method. The MM cells were treated with N-propionyl-D-mannosamine (ManNPr), a synthetic analog of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc), the natural biosynthetic precursor of N-acetyl sialic acid (NeuNAc), to express unnatural N-propionylated sialoglycans. The glycoengineered cells were then induced to apoptosis, and the apoptotic products were added to cultured functional DCs that could present the unnatural carbohydrate antigens to autologous T-lymphocytes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was found that the resultant DCs could activate CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, resulting in increased expression of T cell surface markers, including CD8CD28 and CD4CD29. Moreover, upon stimulation by glycoengineered MM cells, these DC-activated T-lymphocytes could release significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma (P < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays further showed that the stimulated T-lymphocytes were cytotoxic to glycoengineered MM cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This work demonstrated that glycoengineered myeloma cells were highly antigenic and the CTLs induced by the DCs loaded with the unnatural myeloma antigens were specifically cytotoxic to the glycoengineered myeloma. This may provide a new strategy for overcoming the problem of immune tolerance for the development of effective immunotherapies for MM.</p>

Basic Gait Characteristics of Healthy Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo study normal gait characteristics of healthy adults in different age groups.Methods90 healthy adults were divided into three groups according to their ages. It was 20～39 year group, 40～59 year group and 60～70 year group. They received a gait analysis with the gait analysis system based on digital video and image processing which could provide temporal-spatial parameters and kinematic parameters. The gait data of the three groups were compared. Relationships between gait speed and other gait parameters were investigated.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in some parameters among three groups. Gait speed was significantly correlated with stride time, stride length, stance time (%), cadence, maximum flexion of hip and knee in swing phase.ConclusionThe normal gait patterns of healthy adult established with the gait analysis system based on digital video and image processing can be used as the base line to compare with abnormal gait.

A study of kinematic parameters of normal youth in gait analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo study basic pattern of normal youth in gait analysis.Methods28 healthy young persons as experimental subjects were studied. The gait analysis system based on digital video and digital image processing was employed to obtain kinematic parameters.ResultsThe means and standard deviations of kinematic parameters of normal youth were obtained. The differences of gait patterns between males and females were compared. The correlations between gait parameters and height, weight were analyzed respectively.Conclusions It is recommended that the values of the gait parameters and the trends obtained can be used as a standard gait pattern of normal youth. Statistically significant differences exist between the males and the females for most of the gait parameters. Furthermore, the differences of the values of gait parameters between the males and the females are not led only by the difference of height except very few parameters.