Periventricular closure of a perimembranous VSD: treatment option in selected patients.

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are a common congenital heart disease. Usually, surgical repair with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is the treatment of choice, whereas percutaneous techniques have technical limitations, predominantly a mismatch of catheter size and body weight. A 7-year-old girl underwent periventricular closure of a perimembranous VSD on the beating heart. Echocardiography guided implantation through a minimally invasive sternotomy was uneventful. The described approach adds favorably to the current practice avoiding the use of CPB. Cosmetic aspect and rapid early postoperative recovery are convincing.

Minimally invasive perventricular vsd closure without cardiopulmonary bypass mid-term results from multi-centers / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guided, minimally invasive perventricular device occlusion of ventricular septal defects ( VSDs) without cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) has been applied in multiple centers. We reported experiences and the mid-term results. Methods Four hundred and thirty-two cases from 4 cardiac centers were involved in the study. There were 235 males and 197 females, aged from 3 months to 15 years, with a body weight varying from 4.0 to 26.0 kg. Three hundred and fifty-one patients had perimembranous VSDs, 57 had intracristal or supracristal VSDs and 24 had muscular VSDs (17 had multiple muscular VSDs). The diameter of the VSD ranged from 3 to 12 (5.3 ±1.6 ) mm.For those with perimembranous or muscular VSDs, a 3 to 5 cm inferior sternotomy was made, but for those with intracristal or supracristal VSDs, a 2 to 3 cm incision was made parastemally through the left third intercostal space. Being monitored and guided with TEE, the device was deployed to occlude the VSD through the puncture at the free wall of the right ventricle. TEE was used for assessing the residual shunting, the left and right ventricular outlet tracts, valvular function and for detecting any arrhythmia, The devices would be released if the heart rhythm was normal, as well as the residual shunting and valvular regurgilalion were not detected. Results The procedure was completed successfully in 417 cases(96.5% ) and converted to traditional surgical closure with CPB in the other 15 cases(3.5% ). Concentric devices were used in 238 cases(57.1% )and eccentric devices were used in 179 patients(42.9% ). Successful procedures finished in less than 90 minutes, and the deployment and evaluation of the devices were completed in 5 to 60 (18. 2 ± 8.6) minutes. No residual shunt and detectable aortic or tricuspid insufficiency and arrhythmia was observed. Patients were extubated within 2 hours and discharged 3 to 5 days after the operation. During fellow-up period from 3 months to 2 years, no clinically significant complications occurred. Conclusion The minimally invasive device closure of VSD under TEE guidance without CPB is proved to be a simple, safe and effective treatment for a considerable number of children with VSD. Its use in the clinical practice should be encouraged.

Minimally invasive perventricular device closure of an isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defect with a newly designed delivery system: preliminary experience.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to summarize the preliminary clinical experience of minimally invasive transthoracic device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with a new delivery system without cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Twenty-one patients aged 11 months to 12 years (median age, 3.6 years) with isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defects underwent minimally invasive device closure with an inferior sternotomy of 3 to 5 cm under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance. A single per-right ventricular U-like suture was established, and a new delivery system was introduced, aided by a 16-gauge trocar, including a guidewire, proper sheath, and loading sheath. The proper size of devices was determined by means of transesophageal echocardiographic analysis, and then the device was released under real-time transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring if no significant aortic regurgitation, abnormal atrioventricular valvular motion, or residual interventricular shunt appeared. RESULTS: All of the defects were successfully closed. No residual shunt, noticeable aortic or tricuspid regurgitation, or significant arrhythmias appeared during more than 5 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive transthoracic device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with a new delivery system without cardiopulmonary bypass is feasible and safe under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance. However, it is necessary to evaluate the intermediate and long-term results.

Clinical study of perventricular device closure of non-muscular ventricular septal defects in 39 infants / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objiective To evaluate the effect of pearventricular device closure of non-muscular ventricular defercts(VSDs) in infants.Methods From April 2007 to February 2008,39 patients with non-muscular VSDs were received off pump surgical treatment,perventricular device closure were for all the patients.There were 16 males and 23 females with mean age of(14.5±7.8) months(12 to 36 months and mean weight of(12.4±2.3)kg(8.5 to 18.0 kg).There were 34 perimembranous and 5 subateria VSD.The diameter of defects were 3.0 to 11 mm[mean(6.1±2.0)mm].Results Thirty-seven(94.9%)VSDs ere successfully closed,while two were repaired under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)instead of device closure because of the complication of moderat aortic reurgitation.The diameter of occluders were 4 to 12mm[mean(8.2±2.0)mm].The tricuspid regurgitations decareasded after operation in 3 patients with perimenmbranous VSDs,while the closure caused new mild or trace tricuspid regurgitations in 8 patients.Six patients with perimembranours VSDs acquired the incomplete right bundle branch blocks affter device closure.The length of hospital stay was 3 to 5 days[mean(3.4±0.4)]after operation and no petient had blood transfusion.Conclustion Perventricular device closure is probably an effective and safe treatment for non-muscular VSDs in unfants.