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1.
Phytomedicine ; 125: 155290, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38308918

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In our previous study, we provided evidence that Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM) and its extracts possess a protective capability against radiation-induced damage, potentially mediated through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). However, we were pleasantly surprised to discover during our experimentation that AM not only offers protection against radiation damage but also exhibits a radiation sensitization effect. This effect may be attributed to a specific small molecule present in AM known as ononin. Currently, radiation sensitizers are predominantly found in nitrazole drugs and nanomaterials, with no existing reports on the radiation sensitization properties of ononin, nor its underlying mechanism. PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the sensitization effect of the small molecule ononin derived from AM on lung cancer radiotherapy, elucidating its specific molecular mechanism of action. Additionally, the safety profile of combining astragalus small molecule ononin with radiation therapy will be evaluated. METHODS: The effective concentration of ononin was determined through cell survival experiments, and the impact of ononin combined with varying doses of radiation on lung cancer cells was observed using CCK-8 and cell cloning experiments. The apoptotic effect of ononin combined with radiation on lung cancer cells was assessed using Hochester staining, flow cytometry, and WB assay. Additionally, WB and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to investigate the influence of ononin on HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Furthermore, Molecular Dynamics Simulation was employed to validate the targeted binding ability of ononin and HIF-1α. A lung cancer cell line was established to investigate the effects of knockdown and overexpression of HIF-1α. Subsequently, the experiment was repeated using tumor bearing nude mice and C57BL/6 mouse models in an in vivo study. Tumor volume was measured using a vernier caliper, while HE, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to observe the effects of ononin combined with radiation on tumor morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis. Additionally, Immunofluorescence was employed to examine the impact of ononin on HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in vivo, and its effect on liver function in mice was assessed through biochemistry analysis. RESULTS: At a concentration of 25 µM, ononin did not affect the proliferation of lung epithelial cells but inhibited the survival of lung cancer cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the combination of ononin and radiation could effectively inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, induce apoptosis, and suppress the excessive activation of the Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha/Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the combination of ononin and radiation reduced the size and proliferation of lung cancer tumors, promoted cancer cell apoptosis, mitigated abnormal activation of the Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha pathway, and protected against liver function damage. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that the combination of AM and its small molecule ononin can enhance the sensitivity of lung cancer to radiation. Additionally, it has been observed that this combination can specifically target HIF-1α and exert its effects. Notably, ononin exhibits the unique ability to protect liver function from damage while simultaneously enhancing the tumor-killing effects of radiation, thereby demonstrating a synergistic and detoxifying role in tumor radiotherapy. These findings contribute to the establishment of a solid basis for the development of novel radiation sensitizers derived from traditional Chinese medicine.


Assuntos
Glucosídeos , Isoflavonas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Radiossensibilizantes , Camundongos , Animais , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Camundongos Nus , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Tolerância a Radiação , Radiossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia
2.
Front Immunol ; 14: 1133899, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36865554

RESUMO

Radiotherapy is the major treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The radioresistance and toxicity are the main obstacles that leading to therapeutic failure and poor prognosis. Oncogenic mutation, cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor hypoxia, DNA damage repair, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumor microenvironment (TME) may dominate the occurrence of radioresistance at different stages of radiotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are combined with radiotherapy to treat NSCLC to improve the efficacy. This article reviews the potential mechanism of radioresistance in NSCLC, and discusses the current drug research to overcome radioresistance and the advantages of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in improving the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of radiotherapy.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Reparo do DNA , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Microambiente Tumoral
3.
Antioxid Redox Signal ; 38(10-12): 747-767, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36242096

RESUMO

Aims: Radiation by-radiation effect (RIBE) can induce the genomic instability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) adjacent to lung cancer, and this effect not only exists in the short-term, but also accompanies it in the long-term, but its specific mechanism is not clear. Our goal is to explore the similarities and differences in the mechanism of genomic damage in tumor-associated BMSCs induced by short-term and long-term RIBE, and to provide a theoretical basis for adjuvant drugs for protection against RIBE at different clinical time periods. Results: We found that both short- and long-term RIBE induced genomic instability. We could show a high expression of TGF-ß1, TNF-α, and HIF-1α in tumor-associated BMSCs after short-term RIBE whereas only TNF-α and HIF-1α expression was increased in long-term RIBE. We further confirmed that genomic instability is associated with the activation of the HIF-1α pathway and that this is mediated by TNF-α and TGF-ß1. In addition, we found differences in the mechanisms of genomic instability in the considered RIBE windows of analysis. In short-term RIBE, both TNF-α and TGF-ß1 play a role, whereas only TNF-α plays a decisive role in long-term RIBE. In addition, there were differences in BMSC recruitment and genomic instability of different tissues with a more pronounced expression in tumor and bone marrow than compared to lung. Innovation and Conclusion: We could show dynamic changes in the expression of the cytokines TGF-ß1 and TNF-α during short- and long-term RIBE. The differential expression of the two is the key to causing the genomic damage of tumor-associated BMSCs in the considered windows of analysis. Therefore, these results may serve as a guideline for the administration of radiation protection adjuvant drugs at different clinical stages. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 747-767.


Assuntos
Efeito Espectador , Instabilidade Genômica , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Efeito Espectador/efeitos da radiação , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/patologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Células A549 , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/genética , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Apoptose/genética , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
4.
Phytomedicine ; 107: 154445, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36130463

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Guiqi Baizhu Decoction (GQBZD) has a good protective effect on radiation-induced intestinal edema (RIIE). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms need further elucidation. PURPOSE: To reveal the potential mechanism of RIIE and GQBZD treatment. METHODS: SD rats were irradiated with 6Gy X-ray to establish RIIE model. The general condition of the rats was observed; the dry/wet weight ratio of colon tissue was detected; the morphological changes of colon tissue were observed by HE staining; the expressions of ROS, HIF-1α and AQP4 in colon tissue were detected by confocal laser scanning; the expression of edema-related proteins was detected by Western blot. In addition, human colon epithelial cells (NCM460) was irradiated with 2Gy X-ray, and HIF-1α expression in NCM460 was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, and the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase was detected by enzyme activity kit; the ROS expression was detected by flow cytometer; the AQP4 expression was detected by laser confocal microscopy; and the expression of edema-related proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: We found that after irradiation, the colon tissue of rats was significantly edema, mainly manifested as mucosal and submucosal edema, and the ultrastructure was reflected in the structural damage of nucleus and mitochondria. ROS, HIF-1α and AQP4 were significantly expressed, and Na+/K+-ATPase expression/activity was decreased. After the intervention of GQBZD, the edema of the colon tissue of the rats was improved, the expressions of ROS, HIF-1α and AQP4 were decreased, and the expression/activity of Na+/K+-ATPase was increased. CONCLUSION: Ionizing radiation (IR) can cause significant intestinal edema. AQP4 and Na+/K+-ATPase are the key factors of RIIE, which are regulated by ROS and HIF-1α. GQBZD can improve hypoxia and oxidative stress, regulate the expression of AQP4 and Na+/K+-ATPase, and achieve a protective effect on RIIE. This study is the first to reveal the mechanism of RIIE.


Assuntos
Edema , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio , Animais , Aquaporina 4/genética , Aquaporina 4/metabolismo , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo
5.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 11: 577236, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34307184

RESUMO

Gut microbiota is regarded as the second human genome and forgotten organ, which is symbiotic with the human host and cannot live and exist alone. The gut microbiota performs multiple physiological functions and plays a pivotal role in host health and intestinal homeostasis. However, the gut microbiota can always be affected by various factors and among them, it is radiotherapy that results in gut microbiota dysbiosis and it is often embodied in a decrease in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, an increase in harmful bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, thereby affecting many disease states, especially intestine diseases. Furthermore, gut microbiota can produce a variety of metabolites, among which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one of the most abundant and important metabolites. More importantly, SCFAs can be identified as second messengers to promote signal transduction and affect the occurrence and development of diseases. Radiotherapy can lead to the alterations of SCFAs-producing bacteria and cause changes in SCFAs, which is associated with a variety of diseases such as radiation-induced intestinal injury. However, the specific mechanism of its occurrence is not yet clear. Therefore, this review intends to emphasize the alterations of gut microbiota after radiotherapy and highlight the alterations of SCFAs-producing bacteria and SCFAs to explore the mechanisms of radiation-induced intestinal injury from the perspective of gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Bactérias , Disbiose , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis , Humanos , Intestinos
6.
Front Immunol ; 12: 810286, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35069596

RESUMO

The tumor microenvironment is essential for the formation and development of tumors. Cytokines in the microenvironment may affect the growth, metastasis and prognosis of tumors, and play different roles in different stages of tumors, of which transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) are critical. The two have synergistic and antagonistic effect on tumor regulation. The inhibition of TGF-ß can promote the formation rate of tumor, while TGF-ß can promote the malignancy of tumor. TNF-α was initially determined to be a natural immune serum mediator that can induce tumor hemorrhagic necrosis, it has a wide range of biological activities and can be used clinically as a target to immune diseases as well as tumors. However, there are few reports on the interaction between the two in the tumor microenvironment. This paper combs the biological effect of the two in different aspects of different tumors. We summarized the changes and clinical medication rules of the two in different tissue cells, hoping to provide a new idea for the clinical application of the two cytokines.


Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Neoplasias/etiologia , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Biomarcadores , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Instabilidade Genômica , Humanos , Neoplasias/patologia , Ligação Proteica , Transdução de Sinais
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