Improving electron transportation and operational lifetime of full color organic light emitting diodes through a "weak hydrogen bonding cage" structure.

Efficient electron-transporting materials (ETMs) are critical to achieving excellent performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), yet developing such materials remains a major long-term challenge, particularly ETMs with high electron mobilities (µeles). Herein, we report a short conjugated ETM molecule (PICN) with a dipolar phenanthroimidazole group, which exhibits an electron mobility of up to 1.52 × 10-4 cm2 (V-1 s-1). The origin of this high µele is long-ranged, regulated special cage-like interactions with C-H⋯N radii, which are also favorable for the excellent efficiency stability and operational stability in OLEDs. It is worth noting that the green phosphorescent OLED operation half-lifetimes can reach up to 630 h under unencapsulation, which is 20 times longer than that based on the commonly used commercial ETM TPBi.

Efficient near-infrared emission benefits from slowing down the internal conversion process.

Organic deep-red (DR) and near-infrared (NIR) emitters with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) are rare due to the strong non-radiative (knr) decay. Here, we report two DR/NIR emitters with high PLQY, TPANZPyPI and TPANZ3PI. Interestingly, the TPANZPyPI film exhibits 46.5% PLQY at 699 nm. Theoretical calculations indicate that TPANZPyPI can achieve this high PLQY in the near-infrared emission region due to its small S1 to S0 internal conversion (IC) rate. Meanwhile, research has found that, compared to TPANZ3PI, TPANZPyPI with a more rigid structure can effectively suppress the T2 to T1 IC process, which is conducive to higher exciton utilization efficiency (EUE). TPANZPyPI's non-doped OLED shows NIR emission with 4.6% @ 684 nm maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax). Its doped OLEDs radiate DR with an EQEmax of 6.9% @ 666 nm. These EQEs are among the highest values for hybridized local charge transfer state materials emitting more than 640 nm. This work demonstrates for the first time, based on a combination of theory and experiment, that increasing the molecular rigidity can inhibit the excited state IC process in addition to the S1 to S0 IC, realizing efficient electroluminescence.

BPJDet: Extended Object Representation for Generic Body-Part Joint Detection.

Detection of human body and its parts has been intensively studied. However, most of CNNs-based detectors are trained independently, making it difficult to associate detected parts with body. In this paper, we focus on the joint detection of human body and its parts. Specifically, we propose a novel extended object representation integrating center-offsets of body parts, and construct an end-to-end generic Body-Part Joint Detector (BPJDet). In this way, body-part associations are neatly embedded in a unified representation containing both semantic and geometric contents. Therefore, we can optimize multi-loss to tackle multi-tasks synergistically. Moreover, this representation is suitable for anchor-based and anchor-free detectors. BPJDet does not suffer from error-prone post matching, and keeps a better trade-off between speed and accuracy. Furthermore, BPJDet can be generalized to detect body-part or body-parts of either human or quadruped animals. To verify the superiority of BPJDet, we conduct experiments on datasets of body-part (CityPersons, CrowdHuman and BodyHands) and body-parts (COCOHumanParts and Animals5C). While keeping high detection accuracy, BPJDet achieves state-of-the-art association performance on all datasets. Besides, we show benefits of advanced body-part association capability by improving performance of two representative downstream applications: accurate crowd head detection and hand contact estimation.

Effect of Exercise Training on Body Composition and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic and resistance training (CT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition and inflammatory cytokine levels in overweight and obese individuals by using network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise training on inflammatory cytokines in overweight and obese patients. The retrieval period was from inception to November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted the pertinent data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies; then, they used Stata 16.0 and Review Manager 5.3 to perform an NMA. Results: A total of 38 studies involving 1317 patients were included in this study. The results of the NMA indicated that AE had the greatest effect on weight loss (SUCRA=78.3; SMD=-0.51, 95% CI: -0.70, -0.33); CT had the greatest effect on reducing body mass index (SUCRA=70.7; SMD=-0.46, 95% CI: -0.81, -0.10), waist circumference (SUCRA=93.4; SMD=-1.86, 95% CI: -2.80, -0.93), percentage body fat (SUCRA=79.6; SMD=-1.38, 95% CI: -2.29, -0.48), interleukin-6 level (SUCRA=86.4; SMD=-1.98, 95% CI: -3.87, -0.09), and tumor necrosis factor-α level (SUCRA=79.4; SMD=-2.08, 95% CI: -3.75, -0.42); AE (SMD=0.51, 95% CI: -1.68, 2.69), RT (SMD=0.15, 95% CI: -3.01, 3.32), CT (SMD=1.78, 95% CI: -1.35, 4.92), and HIIT (SMD=2.29, 95% CI: -1.27, 5.86) did not significantly increase the adiponectin level. Conclusion: The current results suggest that CT is the best exercise modality for improving body composition and inflammatory status in overweight and obese individuals. More rigorous randomized control trials are needed for further validation. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022303165.

Effect of exercise on vascular function in hypertension patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of exercise on vascular function in patients with pre- and hypertension. Methods: A systematic review of articles retrieved via the PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases was conducted. All the randomized controlled trials published between the establishment of the databases and October 2022 were included. Studies that evaluated the effects of exercise intervention on vascular function in patients with pre- and hypertension were selected. Results: A total of 717 subjects were included in 12 randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis showed that in patients with pre- and hypertension, exercise can significantly reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD = -4.89; 95% CI, -7.05 to -2.73; P < 0.00001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD = -3.74; 95% CI, -5.18 to -2.29; P < 0.00001) and can improve endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (MD = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.71-2.61; P < 0.00001), and exercise did not reduce pulse wave velocity (PWV) (MD = 0.03, 95% CI, -0.45-0.50; P = 0.92). Regression analysis showed that changes in exercise-related vascular function were independent of subject medication status, baseline SBP, age and duration of intervention. Conclusion: Aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity intermittent exercise all significantly improved SBP, DBP, and FMD in pre- and hypertensive patients, however, they were not effective in reducing PWV, and this effect was independent of the subject's medication status, baseline SBP, age and duration of intervention. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022302646.

High-Efficiency, Non-doped, Pure-Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes via Molecular Tuning Regulation of Hot Exciton Excited States.

Tremendous efforts have been made on researching triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials for realizing high-efficiency blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) through utilizing triplet exciton conversion to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) from the lowest triplet excited state (T1). However, hot exciton conversion from the upper triplet energy level state (Tn, n > 1) to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) is an increasingly promising method for realizing pure-blue non-doped OLEDs with performances comparable to those of TTA and TADF materials. Herein, two pure-blue fluorescent emitters of donor (D)-π-acceptor (A) type, PIAnCz and PIAnPO, were designed and synthesized. The excited-state characteristics of PIAnCz and PIAnPO, confirmed by theoretical calculations and photophysical experiments, demonstrated these materials' hot exciton properties. Based on PIAnCz and PIAnPO as emission layer materials, the fabricated non-doped devices exhibited pure-blue emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.12) and (0.16, 0.15), maximum luminescences of 10,484 and 15,485 cd m-2, and maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 10.9 and 8.3%. Besides, at a luminescence of 1000 cd m-2, the EQEs of PIAnPO-based devices can still be high at 7.7%, and the negligible efficiency roll-off was 6.0%. The device performance of both materials demonstrates their outstanding potential for commercial application.

Highly efficient non-doped blue fluorescent OLEDs with low efficiency roll-off based on hybridized local and charge transfer excited state emitters.

Designing a donor-acceptor (D-A) molecule with a hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state is a very effective strategy for producing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with a high exciton utilization efficiency and external quantum efficiency. Herein, a novel twisting D-π-A fluorescent molecule (triphenylamine-anthracene-phenanthroimidazole; TPAAnPI) is designed and synthesized. The excited state properties of the TPAAnPI investigated through photophysical experiments and density functional theory (DFT) analysis reveal that its fluorescence is due to the HLCT excited state. The optimized non-doped blue OLED using TPAAnPI as a light-emitting layer exhibits a novel blue emission with an electroluminescence (EL) peak at 470 nm, corresponding to the Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.22). A fabricated device termed Device II exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 18.09 cd A-1, power efficiency of 12.35 lm W-1, luminescence of ≈29 900 cd cm-2, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.47%, corresponding to a high exciton utilization efficiency of 91%. Its EQE remains as high as 9.70% at a luminescence of 1000 cd m-2 with a low efficiency roll-off of 15%. These results are among the best for HLCT blue-emitting materials involved in non-doped blue fluorescent OLEDs. The performance of Device II highlights a great industrial application potential for the TPAAnPI molecule.

Tannic acid-loaded mesoporous silica for rapid hemostasis and antibacterial activity.

Massive blood loss and bacterial infection are major challenges for global public health. In this study, we developed tannic acid (TA)-loaded mesoporous silica (MS) nanoparticles for both hemorrhage control and effective antibacterium via covalent conjugation and electrostatic adsorption. The TA-absorbed MS could significantly relieve hemolysis and facilitate blood contact, therefore efficiently promoting protein adhesion and the contact activation pathway of the coagulation cascade with desirable hemostasis. Comparably, with increasing TAs absorption, the bleeding control and antibacterial performance were improved simultaneously, especially for 15TMS. Hemostasis tests demonstrated that the 15TMS could reduce the hemostatic time by 65% both in vitro and in vivo, with lower blood loss and could exhibit better antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as promote wound healing. However, the TAs-loaded MS via chemical grafting (15T-g-MS) significantly reduced the surface area of MS, by replacing the Si-OH on the MS, and thus it exhibited worse bleeding control and antibacterial efficacy than 15TMS. Furthermore, all the samples exhibited excellent cell viability. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the 15TMS would be a promising material platform for designing hemostats in more extensive clinical application.

Parent-child communication and self-esteem mediate the relationship between interparental conflict and children's depressive symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has paid little attention to the series mediating effect of parent-child communication and self-esteem in the relationship between interparental conflict and child outcomes, although several other mechanisms have been found to involve in this relationship. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to test these two factors' serial mediation of the relationship between interparental conflict and children's depressive symptoms in a sample of migrant children in China. METHODS: Four hundred thirty-seven participants from two public schools for migrant children in Zhejiang Province, China, were administered four measures including the Children's Perceptions of Interparental Conflict Scale, the Parent-child Communication Questionnaire, the Global Self-esteem Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children. RESULTS: Results showed that interparental conflict was positively related to depressive symptoms in migrant children, which was partially and serially mediated by parent-child communication and self-esteem in that order. CONCLUSIONS: Parent-child communication and self-esteem play potential roles in the relationship between interparental conflict and depressive symptoms of migrant children in China. This finding has important implications for psychological service providers working with this group of children or children in similar situations.

A Novel Droplet-Fabricated Mesoporous Silica-Based Nanohybrid Granules for Hemorrhage Control.

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is one of the leading cause for death in both civilian and military trauma. The zeolite-based hemostatic agent currently available in clinic exhibits great exothermic reaction and poor biodegradability. To overcome these limitations, in this study, we developed a novel mesoporous silica (MS)-based calcium alginate nanohybrid granule (p-MS/CA) for hemorrhage control. The p-MS/CA was prepared by an in situ pore-forming, droplet process and the granule prepared was 2-3 mm in size with rough and macroporous surface. The p-MS/CA could significantly accelerate water absorption and block off the damaged tissue, and thereby efficiently promoted platelet and plasma protein adhesion, enhanced wound adherence, facilitated the contact activation pathway of coagulation cascade with desirable hemostasis. Hemostasis test demonstrated that the p-MS/CA granule could reduce about 50% hemostatic time both in vitro and vivo and decrease blood loss. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite of p-MS/CA exhibited excellent cell viability and did not induce hemolysis. Furthermore, the preparation process for multipore p-MS/CA is low-cost, quick and easy to achieve large-scale production. Owing to the superior hemostatic performance and simple preparation process, we believe that this study will provide an alternative approach for hemorrhage control in some specific injury types, and have immense potential for commercial and clinical application.