Radiomics combined with clinical and MRI features may provide preoperative evaluation of suboptimal debulking surgery for serous ovarian carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a model for predicting suboptimal debulking surgery (SDS) of serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) using radiomics method, clinical and MRI features. METHODS: 228 patients eligible from institution A (randomly divided into the training and internal validation cohorts) and 45 patients from institution B (external validation cohort) were collected and retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent abdominal pelvic enhanced MRI scan, including T2-weighted imaging fat-suppressed fast spin-echo (T2FSE), T1-weighted dual-echo magnetic resonance imaging (T1DEI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and T1 with contrast enhancement (T1CE). We extracted, selected and eliminated highly correlated radiomic features for each sequence. Then, Radiomic models were made by each single sequence, dual-sequence (T1CE + T2FSE), and all-sequence, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to screen the clinical and MRI independent predictors. The radiomic model with the highest area under the curve (AUC) was used to combine the independent predictors as a combined model. RESULTS: The optimal radiomic model was based on dual sequences (T2FSE + T1CE) among the five radiomic models (AUC = 0.720, P < 0.05). Serum carbohydrate antigen 125, the relationship between sigmoid colon/rectum and ovarian mass or mass implanted in Douglas' pouch, diaphragm nodules, and peritoneum/mesentery nodules were considered independent predictors. The AUC of the radiomic-clinical-radiological model was higher than either the optimal radiomic model or the clinical-radiological model in the training cohort (AUC = 0.908 vs. 0.720/0.854). CONCLUSIONS: The radiomic-clinical-radiological model has an overall algorithm reproducibility and may help create individualized treatment programs and improve the prognosis of patients with SOC.

Prediction of postoperative residual primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion close to rectum of serous ovarian carcinoma based on clinical and MR T1-DEI features.

BACKGROUND: The optimal primary debulking surgery outcome of serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is greatly affected by primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion close to the rectum. PURPOSE: To study the risk factors affecting postoperative residual primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion close to the rectum of SOC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical and MRI data of 164 patients with SOC eligible from institution A (training and test groups) and 36 patients with SOC eligible from institution B (external validation group) were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data included age, serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125), human epididymis protein 4, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data included ovarian mass distribution, maximum diameter of ovarian mass, ovarian mass features, degree of rectal invasion of the primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion, and amount of ascites. A model was established using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: By univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, CA-125 (P = 0.024, odds ratio [OR] = 3.798, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-13.32), NLR (P = 0.037, OR = 3.543, 95% CI = 1.13-12.72), and degree of rectal invasion of the primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion (P < 0.001, OR = 37.723, 95% CI = 7.46-266.88) were screened as independent predictors. The area under the curve values of the model in the training, test, and external validation groups were 0.860, 0.764, and 0.778, respectively. CONCLUSION: The clinical-radiological model based on T1-weighted dual-echo MRI can be used non-invasively to predict postoperative residual ovarian neoplasm or metastasis close to SOC in the rectum.

Gga-miR-200a-3p suppresses avian reovirus-induced apoptosis and viral replication via targeting GRB2.

Avian reovirus (ARV) is a significant pathogen that causes various clinical diseases in chickens, including viral arthritis, chronic respiratory diseases, retarded growth, and malabsorption syndrome. These conditions result in substantial economic losses for the global poultry industry. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post transcriptionally by silencing or degrading their RNA targets, play crucial roles in response to pathogenic infections. In this study, transfection of DF-1 cells with gga-miR-200a-3p, an upregulated miRNA observed in ARV-infected cells, significantly suppressed ARV-induced apoptosis by directly targeting GRB2 and impeded ARV replication. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous gga-miR-200a-3p in DF-1 cells using a specific miRNA inhibitor enhanced ARV-induced apoptosis and promoted GRB2 expression, thereby facilitating viral growth within cells. Consistently, inhibition of GRB2 activity through siRNA-mediated knockdown reduced viral titers. Therefore, gga-miR-200a-3p plays a vital antiviral role in the host response to ARV infection by suppressing apoptosis via direct targeting of GRB2 protein. This information enhances our understanding of the mechanisms by which host cells combat against ARV infection through self-encoded small RNA molecules and expands our knowledge regarding the involvement of microRNAs in the host response to pathogenic infections.

Effect of xanthan gum (XG) and carrageenan (CG) ratio on casein (CA)-XG-CG ternary complex: Used to improve the stability of liquid diabetes formula food for special medical purposes.

Poor storage stability limits the application of liquid diabetes formula food for special medical purposes (L-D-FSMP) in maintaining blood sugar stability in diabetic patients. This work aims to improve the stability of L-D-FSMP by adjusting the ratio of xanthan gum (XG) and carrageenan (CG) in casein (CA)-XG-CG ternary complex. The centrifugal sedimentation rate results showed that the compound ratio of XG and CG had a greater impact on L-D-FSMP storage stability. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the combination of CA, XG and CG occurred. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that CA, XG and CG were mainly combined through hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds to form a CA-XG-CG ternary complex. When the ratio of XG and CG was 1:1, the number of disulfide bonds was the largest. The results of three-phase contact angle and emulsifying ability confirmed that when the ratio of XG and CG was 1:1, CA-XG-CG had the strongest emulsifying ability. The particle size distribution and zeta-potential results showed that when the ratio of XG and CG was 1:1, L-D-FSMP had the narrowest particle size distribution range and the strongest stability. These results may provide valuable information for the production of stable L-D-FSMP.

Milk-derived Lactobacillus with high production of short-chain fatty acids relieves antibiotic-induced diarrhea in mice.

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side effect during antibiotic treatment, and this has warranted research into alternative protocols. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of three cohorts, Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0386, Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0901 and a mixed strain of both, on intestinal inflammation, the intestinal mucosal barrier, and microbial community in mice with ampicillin-induced diarrhea. The results showed that Lactobacillus inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the murine intestine, and alleviated the intestinal barrier damage and inflammation induced by ampicillin. In addition, Lactobacillus ameliorates intestinal epithelial barrier damage by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins and aquaporins. After Lactobacillus treatment, the diversity of gut microbiota increased significantly, and the composition and function of gut microbiota gradually recovered. In the gut microbiota, Bacteroidetes and Escherichia Shigella related to the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were significantly affected by ampicillin, while Lactobacillus regulates the cascade of the microbial-SCFA signaling pathway, which greatly promoted the generation of SCFAs. Collectively, Lactobacillus showed better results in treating AAD, especially in mixed strains.

Study on stabilized mechanism of high internal phase Pickering emulsions based on commercial yeast proteins: Modulating the characteristics of Pickering particle via sonication.

The primary significance of this work is that the commercial yeast proteins particles were successfully used to characterize the high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs). The different sonication time (0,3,7,11,15 min) was used to modulate the structure and interface characteristics of yeast proteins (YPs) that as Pickering particles. Immediately afterward, the influence of YPs particles prepared at different sonication time on the rheological behavior and coalescence mechanism of HIPPEs was investigated. The results indicate that the YPs sonicated for 7 min exhibited a more relaxed molecular structures and conformation, the smallest particle size, the highest H0 and optimal amphiphilicity (the three-phase contact (θ) was 88.91°). The transition from extended to compact conformations of YPs occurred when the sonication time exceeded 7 min, resulting in an augmentation of size of YPs particles, a reduction in surface hydrophobicity (H0), and an elevation in hydrophilicity. The HIPPEs stabilized by YPs particles sonicated for 7 min exhibited the highest adsorption interface protein percentage and a more homogeneous three-dimensional (3D) protein network, resulting in the smallest droplet size and the highest storage (G'). The HIPPEs sample that stabilized by YPs particles sonicated for 15 min showed the lowest adsorption protein percentage. This caused a reduction in the thickness of its interface protein layer and an enlargement in the droplet diameter (D [3,2]). It was prone to droplet coalescence according to the equation used to evaluate the coalescence probability of droplets (Eq (2)). And the non-adsorbed YPs particles form larger aggregation structures in the continuous phase and act as "structural agents" in 3D protein network. Therefore, mechanistically, the interface protein layer formed by YPs particles sonicated 7 min contributed more to HIPPEs stability. Whereas the "structural agents" contributed more to HIPPEs stability when the sonication time exceeded 7 min. The present results shed important new light on the application of commercial YPs in the functional food fields, acting as an available and effective alternative protein.

Strigolactones Might Regulate Ovule Development after Fertilization in Xanthoceras sorbifolium.

Strigolactones (SLs) were recently defined as a novel class of plant hormones that act as key regulators of diverse developmental processes and environmental responses. Much research has focused on SL biosynthesis and signaling in roots and shoots, but little is known about whether SLs are produced in early developing seeds and about their roles in ovule development after fertilization. This study revealed that the fertilized ovules and early developing pericarp in Xanthoceras sorbifolium produced minute amounts of two strigolactones: 5-deoxystrigol and strigol. Their content decreased in the plants with the addition of exogenous phosphate (Pi) compared to those without the Pi treatment. The exogenous application of an SL analog (GR24) and a specific inhibitor of SL biosynthesis (TIS108) affected early seed development and fruit set. In the Xanthoceras genome, we identified 69 potential homologs of genes involved in SL biological synthesis and signaling. Using RNA-seq to characterize the expression of these genes in the fertilized ovules, 37 genes were found to express differently in the fertilized ovules that were aborting compared to the normally developing ovules. A transcriptome analysis also revealed that in normally developing ovules after fertilization, 12 potential invertase genes were actively expressed. Hexoses (glucose and fructose) accumulated at high concentrations in normally developing ovules during syncytial endosperm development. In contrast, a low ratio of hexose and sucrose levels was detected in aborting ovules with a high strigolactone content. XsD14 virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased the hexose content in fertilized ovules and induced the proliferation of endosperm free nuclei, thereby promoting early seed development and fruit set. We propose that the crosstalk between sugar and strigolactone signals may be an important part of a system that accurately regulates the abortion of ovules after fertilization. This study is useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying ovule abortion, which will serve as a guide for genetic or chemical approaches to promote seed yield in Xanthoceras.

Development and evaluation of a time-resolved fluorescence labelled immunochromatographic strip assay for rapid and quantitative detection of bovine herpesvirus 1.

Bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1) causes a wide variety of diseases in wild and domestic cattle. The most widely used method for viral identification is real-time PCR, which can only be performed in laboratories using sophisticated instruments by expert personnel. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive time-resolved fluorescence lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (ICS) assay for detecting BoHV-1 in bovine samples using a monoclonal antibody against BoHV-1 labelled with fluorescent microspheres, which can be applied in any setting. The intact process from sample collection to final result can be achieved in 15 min. The limit of detection of the assay for BoHV-1 was 102 TCID50/100 µL. The coincidence rate of the ICS method and real-time PCR recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) was 100% for negative, 92.30% for positive, and 95.42% for total, as evaluated by the detection of 131 clinical samples. This detection method was specifically targeted to BoHV-1, not exhibiting cross-reactivity with other bovine pathogens including BoHV-5. We developed an ICS assay equipped with a portable instrument that offers a sensitive and specific platform for the rapid and reliable detection of BoHV-1 in the field. The Point-of-Care test of BoHV-1 is suitable for the screening and surveillance of BoHV-1 in dairy herds.

Exploring a multiparameter MRI-based radiomics approach to predict tumor proliferation status of serous ovarian carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics approach that can accurately predict the tumor cell proliferation status of serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 134 patients with SOC who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were retrospectively screened from institution A, spanning from January 2016 to March 2022. Additionally, an external validation set comprising 42 SOC patients from institution B was also included. The region of interest was determined by drawing each ovarian mass boundaries manually slice-by-slice on T2-weighted imaging fat-suppressed fast spin-echo (T2FSE) and T1 with contrast enhancement (T1CE) images using ITK-SNAP software. The handcrafted radiomic features were extracted, and then were selected using variance threshold algorithm, SelectKBest algorithm, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The optimal radiomic scores and the clinical/radiological independent predictors were integrated as a combined model. RESULTS: Compared with the area under the curve (AUC) values of each radiomic signature of T2FSE and T1CE, respectively, the AUC value of the radiomic signature (T1CE-T2FSE) was the highest in the training set (0.999 vs. 0.965 and 0.860). The homogeneous solid component of the ovarian mass was considered the only independent predictor of tumor cell proliferation status among the clinical/radiological variables. The AUC of the radiomic-radiological model was 0.999. CONCLUSIONS: The radiomic-radiological model combining radiomic scores and the homogeneous solid component of the ovarian mass can accurately predict tumor cell proliferation status of SOC which has high repeatability and may enable more targeted and effective treatment strategies. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The proposed radiomic-radiological model combining radiomic scores and the homogeneous solid component of the ovarian mass can predict tumor cell proliferation status of SOC which has high repeatability and may guide individualized treatment programs. KEY POINTS: • The radiomic-radiological nomogram may guide individualized treatment programs of SOC. • This radiomic-radiological nomogram showed a favorable prediction ability. • Homogeneous slightly higher signal intensity on T2FSE is vital for Ki-67.

Study on the Effect of Microwaved Brewer's Spent Grains on the Quality and Flavor Characteristics of Bread.

To enable a wider utilization of co-products from beer processing and minimize the negative effect of added grain on bread quality, flavor, and other attributes, brewer's spent grains (BSG) are processed through microwave pretreatment, and then the microwave-treated BSG (MW-BSG) is added to bread. So far, there has been no investigation on the effect of microwave-pretreated BSG on bread quality and flavor. In this study, we examined the effects of diverse microwave treatment variables on the physicochemical structure of BSG and explored the consequences of MW-BSG on the quality and flavor of bread. The results showed that soluble dietary fiber and water-soluble protein levels in MW-BSG increased significantly (144.88% and 23.35%) at a 540 W microwave power, 3 min processing time, and 1:5 material-liquid ratio of BSG to water. The proper addition of MW-BSG positively affected the bread texture properties and color, but excessive amounts led to an irregular size and distribution of the bread crumbs. The result of electronic nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS analyses showed that the addition of MW-BSG modified the odor profile of the bread. A sensory evaluation showed mean scores ranging from 6.81 to 4.41 for bread containing 0-10% MW-BSG. Consumers found a maximum level of 6% MW-BSG acceptable. This study endeavors to decrease environmental contamination caused by brewing waste by broadening the methods by which beer co-products can be utilized through an innovative approach.

Imaging phenotyping using 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics to predict micropapillary and solid pattern in lung adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a machine learning model using 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics signature and clinical features to predict the presence of micropapillary and solid (MP/S) components in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Eight hundred and forty-six patients who underwent preoperative PET/CT with pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma were enrolled. After segmentation, 1688 radiomics features were extracted from PET/CT and selected to construct predictive models. Then, we developed a nomogram based on PET/CT radiomics integrated with clinical features. Receiver operating curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed for diagnostics assessment and test of the developed models for distinguishing patients with MP/S components from the patients without. RESULTS: PET/CT radiomics-clinical combined model could well distinguish patients with MP/S components from those without MP/S components (AUC = 0.87), which performed better than PET (AUC = 0.829, p < 0.05) or CT (AUC = 0.827, p < 0.05) radiomics models in the training cohort. In test cohorts, radiomics-clinical combined model outperformed the PET radiomics model in test cohort 1 (AUC = 0.859 vs 0.799, p < 0.05) and the CT radiomics model in test cohort 2 (AUC = 0.880 vs 0.829, p < 0.05). Calibration curve indicated good coherence between all model prediction and the actual observation in training and test cohorts. DCA revealed PET/CT radiomics-clinical model exerted the highest clinical benefit. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics signatures could achieve promising prediction efficiency to identify the presence of MP/S components in adenocarcinoma patients to help the clinician decide on personalized treatment and surveillance strategies. The PET/CT radiomics-clinical combined model performed best. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics signatures could achieve promising prediction efficiency to identify the presence of micropapillary and solid components in adenocarcinoma patients to help the clinician decide on personalized treatment and surveillance strategies.

Research progress on plant-based protein Pickering particles: Stabilization mechanisms, preparation methods, and application prospects in the food industry.

At present, there have been many research articles reporting that plant-based protein Pickering particles from different sources are used to stabilize Pickering emulsions, but the reports of corresponding review articles are still far from sufficient. This study focuses on the research hotspots and related progress on plant-based protein Pickering particles in the past five years. First, the article describes the mechanism by which Pickering emulsions are stabilized by different types of plant-based protein Pickering particles. Then, the extraction, preparation, and modification methods of various plant-based protein Pickering particles are highlighted to provide a reference for the development of greener and more efficient plant-based protein Pickering particles. The article also introduces some of the most promising applications of Pickering emulsions stabilized by plant-based protein Pickering particles in the food field. Finally, the paper also discusses the potential applications and challenges of plant-based protein Pickering particles in the food industry.

Recovery of soy whey protein from soy whey wastewater at various cavitation jet pretreatment time and their structural and emulsifying properties.

Protein-polysaccharide composite is of great significance for the development of soluble protein recovery process. This study investigated the effects of cavitation jet (CJ) pretreatment at different time (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 s) intervals on the recovery of soy whey protein (SWP) from soy whey wastewater using chitosan (CH). In addition, the structure and properties of the SWP/CH complexes were examined. The results showed that the recovery yield of SWP reached 84.44 % when the CJ pretreatment time was 180 s, and the EAI and ESI values of the SWP/CH complex increased from 32.39 m2/g and 21 min to 48.47 m2/g and 32 min, respectively. In the CJ pretreatment process, SWP promotes the recombination with chitosan through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond, while hydrophobic interaction is also involved. This study has guiding significance for CJ technology in the recovery and utilization of protein in industrial wastewater.

Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by ß-Cyclodextrin and Cinnamaldehyde/ß-Cyclodextrin Composite.

A Pickering emulsion was prepared using ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) and a cinnamaldehyde (CA)/ß-CD composite as emulsifiers and corn oil, camellia oil, lard oil, and fish oil as oil phases. It was confirmed that Pickering emulsions prepared with ß-CD and CA/ß-CD had good storage stability. The rheological experiments showed that all emulsions had G' values higher than G″, thus confirming their gel properties. The results of temperature scanning rheology experiments revealed that the Pickering emulsion prepared with ß-CD and CA/ß-CD composites had high stability, in the range of 20-65 °C. The chewing properties of Pickering emulsions prepared by ß-CD and corn oil, camellia oil, lard, and herring oil were 8.02 ± 0.24 N, 7.94 ± 0.16 N, 36.41 ± 1.25 N, and 5.17 ± 0.13 N, respectively. The chewing properties of Pickering emulsions made with the CA/ß-CD composite and corn oil, camellia oil, lard, and herring oil were 2.51 ± 0.05 N, 2.56 ± 0.05 N, 22.67 ± 1.70 N, 3.83 ± 0.29 N, respectively. The texture properties confirmed that the CA/ß-CD-composite-stabilized-emulsion had superior palatability. After 28 days at 50 °C, malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected in the emulsion. Compared with the ß-CD and CA + ß-CD emulsion, the CA/ß-CD composite emulsion had the lowest content of MDA (182.23 ± 8.93 nmol/kg). The in vitro digestion results showed that the free fatty acid (FFA) release rates of the CA/ß-CD composite emulsion (87.49 ± 3.40%) were higher than those of the ß-CD emulsion (74.32 ± 2.11%). This strategy provides ideas for expanding the application range of emulsifier particles and developing food-grade Pickering emulsions with antioxidant capacity.

Effect of cavitation jet technology on instant solubility characteristics of soymilk flour: Based on the change of protein conformation in soymilk.

The protein conformation of soymilk is the key to affecting the instant solubility of soymilk flour. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cavitation jet treatment time (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 min) on the instant solubility of soymilk flour based on the conformational changes of protein in soymilk. The results showed that the cavitation jet treatment for 0-4 min significantly unfolded the protein structure of soymilk and increased the content of soluble protein, which reduced the particle size and increased the electrostaticrepulsion and the viscosity of soymilk. This was beneficial for soymilk droplets fully atomized and repolymerized in the spray drying tower, forming soymilk flour particles with large size, smooth surface, and uniform distribution. When the cavitation jet treatment time was 4 min, the wettability (from 127.3 ± 2.5 s to 84.7 ± 2.1 s), dispersibility (from 70.0 ± 2.0 s to 55.7 ± 2.1 s), and solubility (from 56.54% to 78.10%) of soymilk flour were significantly improved. However, when the time of the cavitation jet treatment was extended to 8 min, the protein of soymilk aggregated and the stability of soymilk decreased, which reduced the particle size and hurt the surfacecharacteristics of soymilk flour after spraydrying. It resulted in a decrease in the instant solubility of soymilk flour. Therefore, the cavitationjet treatment with proper time increases the instant solubility of soymilk flour by improving the protein conformation of soymilk.

Gel Properties and Structural Characteristics of Composite Gels of Soy Protein Isolate and Silver Carp Protein.

Problems with silver carp protein (SCP) include a strong fishy odor, low gel strength of SCP surimi, and susceptibility to gel degradation. The objective of this study was to improve the gel quality of SCP. The effects of the addition of native soy protein isolate (SPI) and SPI subjected to papain-restricted hydrolysis on the gel characteristics and structural features of SCP were studied. The ß-sheet structures in SPI increased after papain treatment. SPI treated with papain was crosslinked with SCP using glutamine transaminase (TG) to form a composite gel. Compared with the control, the addition of modified SPI increased the hardness, springiness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and water-holding capacity (WHC) of the protein gel (p < 0.05). In particular, the effects were most significant when the degree of SPI hydrolysis (DH) was 0.5% (i.e., gel sample M-2). The molecular force results demonstrated that hydrogen bonding, disulfide bonding, and hydrophobic association are important molecular forces in gel formation. The addition of the modified SPI increases the number of hydrogen bonds and the disulfide bonds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the papain modifications allowed the formation of a composite gel with a complex, continuous, and uniform gel structure. However, the control of the DH is important as additional enzymatic hydrolysis of SPI decreased TG crosslinking. Overall, modified SPI has the potential to improve SCP gel texture and WHC.

Impacts of Industrial Modification on the Structure and Gel Features of Soy Protein Isolate and its Composite Gel with Myofibrillar Protein.

Native soy protein isolate (N-SPI) has a low denaturation point and low solubility, limiting its industrial application. The influence of different industrial modification methods (heat (H), alkaline (A), glycosylation (G), and oxidation (O)) on the structure of SPI, the properties of the gel, and the gel properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) in myofibril protein (MP) was evaluated. The study found that four industrial modifications did not influence the subunit composition of SPI. However, the four industrial modifications altered SPI's secondary structure and disulfide bond conformation content. A-SPI exhibits the highest surface hydrophobicity and I850/830 ratio but the lowest thermal stability. G-SPI exhibits the highest disulfide bond content and the best gel properties. Compared with MP gel, the addition of H-SPI, A-SPI, G-SPI, and O-SPI components significantly improved the properties of the gel. Additionally, MP-ASPI gel exhibits the best properties and microstructure. Overall, the four industrial modification effects may impact SPI's structure and gel properties in different ways. A-SPI could be a potential functionality-enhanced soy protein ingredient in comminuted meat products. The present study results will provide a theoretical basis for the industrialized production of SPI.

Bifidobacterium bifidum E3 Combined with Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis E4 Improves LPS-Induced Intestinal Injury by Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways In Vivo.

Changes in the functions of the intestinal barrier occur in parallel with the development of sepsis. The protection by Bifidobacterium strains (BB, BL, BB12, and BLBB) was evaluated in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results revealed an increase in the ratio of ileal villus length to crypt depth in the BLBB group compared with that in the LPS group, as were the number of IgA+ plasma, CD4+/CD8+ T, and dendritic cells. The levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactic acid in the serum were lessened in the BLBB group after LPS injection compared with that in the LPS group. In addition, the BLBB group exhibited an increased expression level of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-1), mucin (MUC2) mRNA, reduced NFκB/MAPK signaling pathways, and decreased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α). The BLBB group enriched the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Clostridia_Ucg-014, and Alistipes, resulting in an increase in strains producing short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, the BLBB group leads to higher levels of deoxycholic acid and biosynthesized linoleate. This study suggested that the BLBB group could enhance the capacity of the intestinal barrier and intestinal mucosal immunity, reduce intestinal inflammation, and improve the composition of gut microbiota. Bifidobacterium bifidum E3 combined with Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis E4 may thus serve as a probiotic against the intestinal injury caused by LPS.

Study on the Structure, Function, and Interface Characteristics of Soybean Protein Isolate by Industrial Phosphorylation.

The impacts of industrial phosphorylation on the structural changes, microstructure, functional, and rheological features of soybean protein isolate (SPI) were spotlighted. The findings implied that the spatial structure and functional features of the SPI changed significantly after treatment with the two phosphates. Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) promoted aggregation of SPI with a larger particle size; sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) modified SPI with smaller particle size. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results showed insignificant alterations in the structure of SPI subunits. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and endogenous fluorescence noted a decline in α-helix quantity, an amplification in ß-fold quantity, and an increase in protein stretching and disorder, indicating that phosphorylation treatment fluctuated the spatial structure of the SPI. Functional characterization studies showed that the solubility and emulsion properties of the SPI increased to varying degrees after phosphorylation, with a maximum solubility of 94.64% for SHMP-SPI and 97.09% for STP-SPI. Emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsifying steadiness index (ESI) results for STP-SPI were better than those for SHMP-SPI. Rheological results showed that the modulus of G' and G″ increased and the emulsion exhibited significant elastic behavior. This affords a theoretical core for expanding the industrial production applications of soybean isolates in the food and various industries.