Work pressure, coping styles and occupational burnout among Chinese police officers: a meta-analytic review.

The present study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to systematically review the relationship between occupational burnout and work pressure among Chinese police officers. Additionally, the study explored the mediating role of coping styles using a meta-analytic structural equation model. The investigation involved a thorough search of CNKI, PubMed, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, resulting in the identification of a total of 39 studies with 124 effect sizes and 14,089 police officers. The findings revealed a positive correlation between work pressure and occupational burnout among Chinese police officers (r = 0.410, 95% CI = [0.347, 0.469]). Furthermore, negative coping styles mediate the relationship between work pressure and occupational burnout. Importantly, these conclusions held true across various work regions for police officers. These results provide insights into the relationship magnitude between work pressure and occupational burnout in Chinese police work and shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Based on these findings, it is recommended that interventions focusing on reducing work pressure and fostering positive coping styles be implemented to mitigate occupational burnout among police officers.

The Role of Parent-Child Attachment, Hostile Attribution Bias in Aggression: A Meta-Analytic Review.

Parent-Child Attachment (PCA) and Hostile Attribution Bias (HAB) are closely related to aggression, but findings regarding their relationships are inconsistent. There is a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanism between PCA and aggression. This review employed meta-analysis approaches to investigate the associations between PCA and aggression, as well as between HAB and aggression, and the mechanism for the PCA-aggression association. An article search was conducted in CNKI, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Totally, 118 studies involving general populations and those at high risk for aggression were included. Results revealed negative associations between Parent-Child Attachment Security (PCAS) and aggression (ρ = -.267, p < .001) and positive associations between Parent-Child Attachment Insecurity (PCAI) and aggression (ρ = .240, p < .05). HAB and aggression were found to be positively associated (ρ = .303, p < .001). As for the PCAS-aggression association, a larger effect size was found in females than in males. The HAB-reactive aggression association was stronger than the HAB-proactive aggression association. In Eastern culture, the association between HAB and aggression was stronger than in Western culture. HAB mediated the association between PCAS and aggression. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the occurrence and development of aggression by establishing an association between attachment theory and the social information processing model. The practical implications include interventions targeting cultivating PCAS and alleviating HAB, which might serve as effective ways to reduce aggression, yet aggression type, gender, and cultural background should be taken into consideration.

A prognostic model for interventional thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke based on a BP neural network, random forest model and decision tree model.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive effect of a Back propagation (BP) neural network model, a random forest (RF) model and a decision tree model on the prognosis of interventional thrombolectomy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. METHODS: A total of 255 patients with AIS admitted to the Department of Neurology, Beiliu People's Hospital of Guangxi from March 2018 to February 2022 were retrospectively included, all of whom received interventional thromposectomy. Patients' prognosis was determined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRs) at 3 months after surgery, including the good prognosis group (mRs≤2 points) and the poor prognosis group (mRs 3-6 points). Clinical data of the two groups were collected to explore and screen the factors affecting poor clinical prognosis. Based on the selected influencing factors, the BP neural network, RF model, and decision tree models were established respectively, and their predictive performances were verified. RESULTS: All the three models predicted the same verification set data. The prediction accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the BP neural network model were 0.961, 0.983 and 0.875, respectively. The prediction accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the RF model were 0.948, 0.952 and 0.933, respectively. The prediction accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the decision tree model were 0.882, 0.953 and 0.667, respectively. CONCLUSION: The three prediction models have shown good diagnostic efficacy and stability in the preliminary study of the prognosis of AIS mediated thrombectomy, which has important guiding significance for clinical prognosis assessment and selection of appropriate surgical population. The prediction model can be selected according to the actual situation of patients to provide more efficient guidance for clinicians.

Linking Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression to Mindfulness: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.

Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression have long been considered the two most important emotion regulation strategies. Increasingly, studies have found that mindfulness has a relationship with them. However, the magnitude and direction of the relationship between them have yet to reach a consistent conclusion. To this end, a three-level meta-analysis was used to explore the relationship between mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression. Thirty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis through a literature search, including 36 samples with 83 effect sizes and a total of 12,026 subjects. The three-level random effects model showed that mindfulness was positively correlated with cognitive reappraisal to a low to moderate degree but was not correlated with expressive suppression. The moderating effect analysis showed that the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal was slightly closer in males than in females. The study found a relatively stable positive relationship between mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal, an adaptive emotion regulation mode, while the relationship with expressive suppression was insignificant. The finding supported the affect regulation training model and also shed light on potential areas for future studies.

Social Support and Drug Abstention Motivation among Chinese Male Drug Addicts: A Moderated Mediation Model of Self-Control and Sensation-Seeking.

The goal of this study is to examine how social support affects Chinese male drug addicts' abstention motivation. To elucidate the mechanism as well as the boundary condition of the aforesaid influence, self-control and sensation-seeking were induced. Using the questionnaire method, the cross-sectional data were collected from 498 male drug addicts from one hospital and four compulsory isolation drug abstention centers in Central China region. The results indicated that social support has a positive direct and indirect effect on abstention motivation. The indirect influence is that the impact of social support on abstention motivation is mediated by self-control. The direct effect was moderated by sensation-seeking. Specifically, for individuals with low sensation-seeking, social support can significantly increase drug abstinence motivation, but this effect was not significant for those with high sensation-seeking. Theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed.

Clinical chorioamnionitis at term: the amniotic fluid fatty acyl lipidome.

Clinical chorioamnionitis at term (TCC) is the most common obstetrical infliction diagnosed in labor and delivery units worldwide and is associated with a substantial increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This obstetrical complication is a heterogeneous condition, as only half of patients have detectable microorganisms in the amniotic cavity. Because bioactive lipids play a key role in the initiation and resolution of an inflammatory response, we aimed to characterize the amniotic fluid lipidome in patients with TCC. We studied the amniotic fluid of patients in the following groups: 1) spontaneous labor at term without clinical chorioamnionitis (TLB) and 2) spontaneous labor at term with clinical chorioamnionitis (TCC). The TCC group was subdivided into a) those with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (TCC-MIAC) and b) those without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (TCC-noMIAC). The amniotic fluid concentration of proinflammatory lipid mediators did not differ between patients in TLB with TCC. In contrast, concentration of lipids with anti-inflammatory/proresolution properties was significantly lower in all patients with TCC than in those with TLB. These results suggest that while proinflammatory lipid mediators are involved in infection-driven intra-amniotic inflammation, a relative deficiency of anti-inflammatory/proresolution lipid mediator biosynthesis is a characteristic of TCC.

Lipidomic analysis of patients with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity reveals up-regulation of leukotriene B4.

Bioactive lipids derived from the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids are important mediators of the inflammatory response. Labor per se is considered a sterile inflammatory process. Intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) due to microorganisms (i.e., intra-amniotic infection) or danger signals (i.e., sterile IAI) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of preterm labor and clinical chorioamnionitis at term. Early and accurate diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) requires analysis of amniotic fluid (AF). It is possible that IAI caused by microorganisms is associated with a stereotypic lipidomic profile, and that analysis of AF may help in the identification of patients with this condition. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the fatty acyl lipidome of AF by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from patients in spontaneous labor at term and preterm gestations. We report that the AF concentrations of proinflammatory lipid mediators of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway are significantly higher in MIAC than in cases of sterile IAI. These results suggest that the concentrations of 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and leukotriene B4 in particular could serve as potential biomarkers of MIAC. This finding could have important implications for the rapid identification of patients who may benefit from anti-microbial treatment.-Maddipati, K. R., Romero, R., Chaiworapongsa ,T., Chaemsaithong, P., Zhou, S.-L., Xu, Z., Tarca, A. L., Kusanovic, J. P., Gomez, R., Chaiyasit, N., Honn, K. V. Lipidomic analysis of patients with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity reveals up-regulation of leukotriene B4.

Eicosanomic profiling reveals dominance of the epoxygenase pathway in human amniotic fluid at term in spontaneous labor.

Lipid mediators play an important role in reproductive biology, especially, in parturition. Enhanced biosynthesis of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2α, precedes the onset of labor as a result of increased expression of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in placental tissues. Metabolism of arachidonic acid results in bioactive lipid mediators beyond prostaglandins that could significantly influence myometrial activity. Therefore, an unbiased lipidomic approach was used to profile the arachidonic acid metabolome of amniotic fluid. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the first time to quantitate these metabolites in human amniotic fluid by comparing patients at midtrimester, at term but not in labor, and at term and in spontaneous labor. In addition to exposing novel aspects of COX pathway metabolism, this lipidomic study revealed a dramatic increase in epoxygenase- and lipoxygenase-pathway-derived lipid mediators in spontaneous labor with remarkable product selectivity. Despite their recognition as anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and regulators of ion channels, little is known about the epoxygenase pathway in labor. Epoxygenase pathway metabolites are established regulators of vascular homeostasis in cardiovascular and renal physiology. Their presence as the dominant lipid mediators in spontaneous labor at term portends a yet undiscovered physiological function in parturition.

Identification of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR31 as a receptor for 12-(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.

Hydroxy fatty acids are critical lipid mediators involved in various pathophysiologic functions. We cloned and identified GPR31, a plasma membrane orphan G protein-coupled receptor that displays high affinity for the human 12-lipoxygenase-derived product 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Thus, GPR31 is named 12-(S)-HETE receptor (12-HETER) in this study. The cloned 12-HETER demonstrated high affinity binding for 12-(S)-[(3)H]HETE (K(d) = 4.8 ± 0.12 nm). Also, 12-(S)-HETE efficiently and selectively stimulated GTPγS coupling in the membranes of 12-HETER-transfected cells (EC(50) = 0.28 ± 1.26 nm). Activating GTPγS coupling with 12-(S)-HETE proved to be both regio- and stereospecific. Also, 12-(S)-HETE/12-HETER interactions lead to activation of ERK1/2, MEK, and NFκB. Moreover, knocking down 12-HRTER specifically inhibited 12-(S)-HETE-stimulated cell invasion. Thus, 12-HETER represents the first identified high affinity receptor for the 12-(S)-HETE hydroxyl fatty acids.

Stability and analysis of eicosanoids and docosanoids in tissue culture media.

Bioactive lipids derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids constitute an important set of lipid mediators with diverse homeostatic and pathophysiological activities. The role of bioactive lipids in inflammation, active resolution of inflammation, reproduction, cardiovascular biology, chronic diseases such as cancer and metabolic disorders is an active area of research. Other than the few clinically used eicosanoids such as prostaglandin F(2)α, prostacyclin, and prostaglandin E(2), little is known about the stability of a majority of the bioactive lipids in aqueous solutions despite their extensive use under in vitro experimental conditions. The present study evaluated the stability of eicosanoids and docosanoids as well as their parent polyunsaturated fatty acids in tissue culture media with respect to incubation time, temperature, and composition of the media using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) LC-MS. The results provide a comprehensive and valuable data set on the stability of these bioactive lipid mediators to guide in vitro experimentation.

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the investigational anticancer agent XK469 (NSC 698215) in rats following oral and intravenous administration.

PURPOSE: To determine the oral bioavailability of R-XK469, a water-soluble investigational anticancer agent undergoing phase I clinical trials as an intravenous product. METHODS: R-XK469 was administered to two groups of catheterized Sprague-Dawley rats via the oral and IV routes at a dose of 10 mg/kg and blood samples were collected at predetermined times. XK469 in plasma samples was quantified using a HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were computed using WinNonlin 4.0.1 software. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of XK469 following oral and IV administrations, respectively, were (mean+/-SD): C(max) 138+/-64 and 404 +/- 355 microg/ml; AUC(0-infinity) 2381 +/- 773 and 2854 +/- 1924 microg h/ml; and elimination half-life (T(1/2)) 12.9 +/- 5.8 and 13.5 +/- 7.8 h T(max) was 2.92+/-1.92 h following oral dosing. Oral R-XK469 was 83% bioavailable. CONCLUSION: Together with the antitumor efficacy of oral XK469 shown in preclinical models and its schedule dependency, these results indicate the promise of developing an oral dosage form of R-XK469 for clinical development.

A novel method for determination of drug solubility in polymeric matrices.

Crystallization of drugs in metastable, supersaturated adhesive polymeric matrices in transdermal drug delivery devices can be avoided by determination of the solubility of the drug in the adhesive polymer. A novel method is described to determine the solubility of the drug in polymeric matrices. Unlike existing methods, this method does not require a long and uncertain experimental time, and is accurate. In this study, an easy and accurate method is presented for the determination of solubility of drugs in polymers based on the relationship between thermodynamic activity of drugs and steady-state flux. In particular, the steady-state flux from a reference saturated solution across a test membrane was compared to an experimentally determined relationship between the polymeric loading concentration and the observed steady-state fluxes. The validity of this method was demonstrated by comparing the results to microscopic observation of crystallization and the study of aged drug-loaded adhesives for lidocaine as a model drug and an acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive as a model polymer. The solubility of lidocaine was 20.8 +/- 0.5% (w/w) in the acrylate polymer.

Iontophoresis of lecithin vesicles of cyclosporin A.

Site-specific immunosuppression with topical cyclosporin A (CsA) has broad clinical implications in the treatment of skin disorders like psoriasis, pyoderma gangrenosum, lichen planus, cutaneous graft-versus-host disease and contact hypersensitivity and the temporary treatment of skin allografts on burn wounds. However, like any other peptide drug, its skin delivery is hindered by the barrier property of stratum corneum and the physicochemical properties of CsA. We have attempted to deliver CsA across human cadaver epidermis in vitro using colloidal systems like microemulsion and lecithin vesicles and iontophoresis. Although, passive diffusion did not result in permeation of quantifiable amounts of CsA, anodal iontophoresis of the negatively charged colloidal systems facilitated the permeation. Electroosmosis and compromised epidermis might have contributed to the higher skin flux. Lecithin vesicles were better than microemulsion for the iontophoretic delivery of CsA and appear to have potential in site-specific immunosuppression.

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cryptophycin 52 (C-52) epoxide and cryptophycin 55 (C-55) chlorohydrin in mice with subcutaneous tumors.

PURPOSE: To compare the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution (both normal and tumor) of cryptophycin 52 (C-52) and its putative chlorohydrin prodrug cryptophycin 55 (C-55) in a murine model and to investigate a possible mechanism behind the superior activity of C-55. METHODS: Mammary adenocarcinoma 16/c tumor-bearing mice were treated with an i.v. bolus of 11 mg/kg C-52 or 38 mg/kg C-55 in Cremophor-alcohol. At predetermined time intervals, C-52 and C-55 concentrations in plasma, liver, kidney, small intestine and tumors were measured using a previously described HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were computed using noncompartmental methods. Tissue (both normal and tumor) to plasma ratios as a function of time were also calculated for comparison. RESULTS: Both C-52 and C-55 were rapidly distributed into different tissues including tumors following i.v. administration. However, the affinities of these compounds towards different tissues were different. Thus, the half-lives (minutes) of C-55 were in the decreasing order liver (725), intestine (494), tumor (206), kidney (62) and plasma (44), whereas the AUC values (microg x min/ml) were in the order tumor (9077), liver (7734), kidney (6790), plasma (2372) and intestine (2234). For C-52, the half-lives (minutes) were in the decreasing order liver (1333), kidney (718), intestine (389), tumor (181) and plasma (35), and the AUC values (microg x min/ml) were in the order kidney (1164), liver (609), intestine (487), plasma (457) and tumor (442). The relative exposures to C-52 after i.v. injection of C-55 were plasma 3.9%, tumor 80.8%, kidney 3.4%, liver 1.1% and intestine 2.8%. Although plasma exposure to C-52 following C-55 administration was relatively small, the use of C-55 to deliver C-52 increased the retention of C-52 and its AUC in tumor compared to direct injection of C-52. Simultaneously, this approach shortened C-52 retention in all normal tissues studied. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of C-55 and its bioconversion to C-52 in different organs and tumor tissue observed in this study suggest the ability of C-55 to target tumor tissue, creating a depot of C-52 in tumor. Increased C-52 exposure of tumor, with concomitant decreased exposure of normal tissue, is a contributing factor to the superior activity of C-55 versus C-52. However, except in the case of tumor tissue in which 81% of C-55 converts to C-52, only a minor amount of C-55 may serve as a prodrug for C-52, whereas the majority is handled by the biosystem through a different route of elimination. Tissue distribution combined with rate of conversion may be an important determinant of the relative effectiveness of other epoxide-chlorohydrin pairs of cryptophycins.