Character strengths as protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescent.

Character strengths could effectively prevent negative psychological outcomes in adults. However, there was little research conducted among early adolescents. The present study aimed to explore character strengths that were independently related to fewer behavior problems in early adolescents. In total, 521 early adolescents (mean age 10.92 ± 0.04, range 10-12 years) were recruited from primary schools in Sichuan, China. Character strengths were measured using the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA-Youth). Behavior problems were measured using the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). The results showed that behavior problems were negatively correlated with character strengths (r = -0.14 to -0.3, p < 0.05 Bonferroni corrected). Character strengths explained a significant proportion of additional variance (14-22%) in five types of behavior problems after controlling the effect of demographic factors (residence, left-behind experiences, maternal education level). Moreover, several specific character strengths showed an independent contribution (ß = -0.34 to -0.14 for self-regulation, perseverance, zest, humility, and leadership; ß = 0.21 to 0.34, for hope; all p < 0.05) to behavior problems. Our study revealed that character strengths were protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescents.

Character strengths as protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescent

Character strengths could efectively prevent negative psychological outcomes in adults. However, there was little research conducted among early adolescents. The present study aimed to explore character strengths that were independently related to fewer behavior problems in early adolescents. In total, 521 early adolescents (mean age 10.92 ± 0.04, range 10­12 years) were recruited from primary schools in Sichuan, China. Character strengths were measured using the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA-Youth). Behavior problems were measured using the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). The results showed that behavior problems were negatively correlated with character strengths (r = −0.14 to −0.3, p < 0.05 Bonferroni corrected). Character strengths explained a signifcant proportion of additional variance (14­22%) in fve types of behavior problems after controlling the efect of demographic factors (residence, left-behind experiences, maternal education level). Moreover, several specifc character strengths showed an independent contribution (ß = −0.34 to −0.14 for self-regulation, perseverance, zest, humility, and leadership; ß = 0.21 to 0.34, for hope; all p < 0.05) to behavior problems. Our study revealed that character trengths were protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescents.

Acquirement of HRP conjunct IgG anti-IgMs from most widely cultured freshwater fishes in China and its immunoreactivity.

Until now, custom-made or commercial polyclonal antibody against only one kind of fish IgM limited application of the antibody. During our research on development of vaccine against infection of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) in several kinds of fish, we were conscious of the urgency of secondary antibody to evaluate immune effect and screen C. sinensis infection with immunological technology instead of labor-intensive and time-consuming squash or artificial digestion of fish flesh. So that, we purified IgM of grass carp, bighead carp, crucian carp, common carp and tilapia which were widely cultured freshwater fishes in most areas of China. On this basis, we generated HRP-conjunct rabbit IgG anti-fish IgMs with high titers. IgM of other freshwater fishes including oshima, yellow catfish, bream, silver carp and so on could be recognized by the IgG sensitively. Additionally, The ELISA detection displayed that the IgG could be more specific and sensitive than custom-made rabbit IgG anti-grass carp IgM. The acquirement of HRP-conjunct rabbit IgG anti-fish IgMs was the cornerstone for studying the immune system of teleost fish, developing immunoassay methods and evaluation of fish vaccine with more convenience.