TAN (tannic acid) inhibits BPA-induced pyroptosis of L8824 (grass carp hepatocytes) by regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues are still one of the most important substances that pollute aquatic systems and pose a threat to aquatic organisms. Tannic acid (TAN) is a kind of glycosyl compound, which has the functions of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. However, it is unknown if BPA can regulate PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway to induce pyroptosis of grass carp hepatocytes (L8824) and the antagonistic effect of tannic acid (TAN) through oxidative stress. Therefore, we established the grass carp hepatocytes (L8824) cell model treated with BPA. The oxidative stress indexes (SOD, CAT, GSH, H2O2 and T-AOC) were detected by oxidative stress kit, mRNA and protein expression of associated genes were examined using qRT-PCR and western blotting. The results showed that BPA treatment increased the content of hydrogen peroxide and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, and T-AOC) in L8824 cells. We also found that PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway was activated dramatically and the expression of pyroptosis-related genes (GSDMD, NLRP3, Caspase1, ASC and IL-1ß) was increased significantly. In addition, TAN could significantly reduce the toxicity of BPA on L8824 cells. After the addition of PTEN specific inhibitor SF1670, the activation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway decreased by BPA was inhibited and the expression of scorch related genes was decreased. On the whole, TAN inhibits BPA-induced pyroptosis of L8824 by modulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. The present study provides a novel perspective for toxicological mechanism of BPA, and new insights into the detoxification mechanism of TAN.

Clinical application of four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in Marfan syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aims to fill this gap by assessing the application of 4D flow CMR in MFS through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We conducted a comprehensive search of databases from their inception to May 1, 2023. Eligibility criteria were established based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), with studies scoring above five deemed high quality. Meta-analyses were performed using Stata 15.1 software. Nine studies were analyzed. Findings indicate MFS patients had increased vortex flow in the descending aorta (DAo), larger aortic root diameter (ARD) and Z-scores, lower inner wall shear stress (WSS) in the proximal descending aorta (pDAo), reduced in-plane rotational flow (IRF) in the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta (pDAo), and increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the ascending aorta (AAo) and DAo compared to healthy subjects. No significant difference in systolic flow reversal ratio was observed. Sensitivity analysis showed no heterogeneity and Egger's test revealed no publication bias. This meta-analysis underscores the effectiveness of 4D flow CMR in detecting MFS, particularly through indicators such as vortex flow, WSS, IRF, ARD, and PWV. The findings provide insights into diagnosing cardiovascular diseases and predicting cardiovascular events in MFS patients. Further case-control studies are needed to establish measurement standards and explore potential indicators for improved diagnosis and treatment of MFS.