GHA-DenseNet prediction and diagnosis of malignancy in femoral bone tumors using magnetic resonance imaging.

Background and objective: Due to their aggressive nature and poor prognosis, malignant femoral bone tumors present considerable hurdles. Early treatment commencement is essential for enhancing vital and practical outcomes. In this investigation, deep learning algorithms will be used to analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to identify bone tumors that are malignant. Methodology: The study cohort included 44 patients, with ages ranging from 17 to 78 (22 women and 22 males). To categorize T1 and T2 weighted MRI data, this paper presents an improved DenseNet network model for the classification of bone tumor MRI, which is named GHA-DenseNet. Based on the original DenseNet model, the attention module is added to solve the problem that the deep convolutional model can reduce the loss of key features when capturing the location and content information of femoral bone tumor tissue due to the limitation of local receptive field. In addition, the sparse connection mode is used to prune the connection mode of the original model, so as to remove unnecessary and retain more useful fast connection mode, and alleviate the overfitting problem caused by small dataset size and image characteristics. In a clinical model designed to anticipate tumor malignancy, the utilization of T1 and T2 classifier output values, in combination with patient-specific clinical information, was a crucial component. Results: The T1 classifier's accuracy during the training phase was 92.88% whereas the T2 classifier's accuracy was 87.03%. Both classifiers demonstrated accuracy of 95.24% throughout the validation phase. During training and validation, the clinical model's accuracy was 82.17% and 81.51%, respectively. The clinical model's receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated its capacity to separate classes. Conclusions: The proposed method does not require manual segmentation of MRI scans because it makes use of pretrained deep learning classifiers. These algorithms have the ability to predict tumor malignancy and shorten the diagnostic and therapeutic turnaround times. Although the procedure only needs a little amount of radiologists' involvement, more testing on a larger patient cohort is required to confirm its efficacy.

Deep learning-based image segmentation model using an MRI-based convolutional neural network for physiological evaluation of the heart.

Background and Objective: Cardiovascular disease is a high-fatality health issue. Accurate measurement of cardiovascular function depends on precise segmentation of physiological structure and accurate evaluation of functional parameters. Structural segmentation of heart images and calculation of the volume of different ventricular activity cycles form the basis for quantitative analysis of physiological function and can provide the necessary support for clinical physiological diagnosis, as well as the analysis of various cardiac diseases. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficient heart segmentation algorithm. Methods: A total of 275 nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) heart scans were collected, analyzed, and preprocessed from Huaqiao University Affiliated Strait Hospital, and the data were used in our improved deep learning model, which was designed based on the U-net network. The training set included 80% of the images, and the remaining 20% was the test set. Based on five time phases from end-diastole (ED) to end-systole (ES), the segmentation findings showed that it is possible to achieve improved segmentation accuracy and computational complexity by segmenting the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV), and myocardium (myo). Results: We improved the Dice index of the LV to 0.965 and 0.921, and the Hausdorff index decreased to 5.4 and 6.9 in the ED and ES phases, respectively; RV Dice increased to 0.938 and 0.860, and the Hausdorff index decreased to 11.7 and 12.6 in the ED and ES, respectively; myo Dice increased to 0.889 and 0.901, and the Hausdorff index decreased to 8.3 and 9.2 in the ED and ES, respectively. Conclusion: The model obtained in the final experiment provided more accurate segmentation of the left and right ventricles, as well as the myocardium, from cardiac MRI. The data from this model facilitate the prediction of cardiovascular disease in real-time, thereby providing potential clinical utility.

Electrocardiogram Signal Classification in the Diagnosis of Heart Disease Based on RBF Neural Network.

Heart disease is a common disease affecting human health. Electrocardiogram (ECG) classification is the most effective and direct method to detect heart disease, which is helpful to the diagnosis of most heart disease symptoms. At present, most ECG diagnosis depends on the personal judgment of medical staff, which leads to heavy burden and low efficiency of medical staff. Automatic ECG analysis technology will help the work of relevant medical staff. In this paper, we use the MIT-BIH ECG database to extract the QRS features of ECG signals by using the Pan-Tompkins algorithm. After extraction of the samples, K-means clustering is used to screen the samples, and then, RBF neural network is used to analyze the ECG information. The classifier trains the electrical signal features, and the classification accuracy of the final classification model can reach 98.9%. Our experiments show that this method can effectively detect the abnormality of ECG signal and implement it for the diagnosis of heart disease.

Fully connected network with multi-scale dilation convolution module in evaluating atrial septal defect based on MRI segmentation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart disease. During embryonic development, abnormal atrial septal development leads to pores between the left and right atria. ASD accounts for the largest proportion of congenital heart disease. Therefore, the design and implementation of an ASD intelligent auxiliary segmentation system based on deep learning segmentation of the atria has very important practical significance, which we aim to achieve in this paper. METHODS: This study proposes a multi-scale dilated convolution module, which is composed of three parallel dilated convolutions with different expansion coefficients. The original FCN network usually adopts bilinear interpolation or deconvolution methods when upsampling, both of which lead to information loss to a certain extent. In order to make up for the loss of information, it is expected that the final segmentation result can be directly connected to the deep features in the cardiac MRI. This study uses a dense upsampling convolution module, and in order to obtain the shallow position information, the original FCN jump connection module is still retained. In this research, a deep convolutional neural network for multi-scale feature extraction is designed through the multi-scale expansion convolution module. At the same time, this paper also implements two traditional machine learning segmentation methods (K-means and Watershed algorithms) and a deep learning algorithm (U-net) for comparison. RESULTS: The intelligent auxiliary segmentation algorithm for atrial images proposed in this framework based on multi-scale expansion convolution and adversarial learning can achieve superior results. Among them, the segmentation algorithm based on multi-scale expansion convolution can extract the associated features of pixels in multiple ranges, and can obtain deeper feature information when using a limited downsampling layer. According to the experimental results of the multi-scale expanded convolutional network on the data set, the Proportion of Greater Contour (PGC) index of the multi-scale expanded convolutional network is 98.78, the value of Average Perpendicular Distance (ADP) is 1.72mm, and the value of Overlapping Dice Metric (ODM) is 0.935, which are higher than other models. CONCLUSION: The experimental results show that compared with other segmentation models, the model based on multi-scale expansion convolution has significantly improved the accuracy of segmentation. Our technique will be able to assist in the segmentation of ASD, evaluation of the extent of the defect and enhance surgical planning via atrial septal occlusion.

Super-resolution reconstruction of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia images based on generative confrontation network.

OBJECTIVE: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, also known as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), is an interstitial plasma cell pneumonia caused by pneumocystis spp. It is a conditional lung infectious disease. Because the early and correct diagnosis of PCP has a great influence on the prognosis of patients, the image processing of PCP's high-resolution CT (HRCT) is extremely important. Traditional image super-resolution reconstruction algorithms have difficulties in network training and artifacts in generated images. The super-resolution reconstruction algorithm of generative counter-networks can optimize these two problems well. METHODS: In this paper, the texture enhanced super-resolution generative adversarial network (TESRGAN) is based on a generative confrontation network, which mainly includes a generative network and a discriminant network. In order to improve the quality of image reconstruction, TESRGAN improved the structure of the Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (SRGAN) generation network, removed all BN layers in SRGAN, and replaced the ReLU function with the LeakyReLU function as the nonlinear activation function of the network to avoid the disappearance of the gradient. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS: The TESRGAN algorithm in this paper is compared with the image reconstruction results of Bicubic, SRGAN, Enhanced Deep Super-Resolution network (EDSR), and ESRGAN. Compared with algorithms such as SRGAN and EDSR, our algorithm has clearer texture details and more accurate brightness information without extending the running time. Our reconstruction algorithm can improve the accuracy of image low-frequency information. CONCLUSION: The texture details of the reconstruction result are clearer and the brightness information is more accurate, which is more in line with the requirements of visual sensory evaluation.

Automatic segmentation of cardiac magnetic resonance images based on multi-input fusion network.

PURPOSE: Using computer-assisted means to process a large amount of heart image data in order to speed up the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy of medical doctors has become a research worthy of investigation. METHOD: Based on the U-Net model, this paper proposes a multi-input fusion network (MIFNet) model based on multi-scale input and feature fusion, which automatically extracts and fuses features of different input scales to realize the detection of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images (CMRI). The MIFNet model is trained and verified on the public data set, and then compared with the segmentation models, namely the Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) and DeepLab v1. RESULTS: MIFNet model segmentation of CMRI significantly improved the segmentation accuracy, and the Dice value reached 97.238%. Compared with FCN and DeepLab v1, the average Hausdorff distance (HD) was reduced by 16.425%. The capacity parameter of FCN is 124.86% of MIFNet, DeepLab v1 is 103.22% of MIFNet. CONCLUSION: Our proposed MIFNet model reduces the amount of parameters and improves the training speed while ensuring the simultaneous segmentation of overlapping targets. It can help clinicians to more quickly check the patient's CMRI focus area, and thereby improving the efficiency of diagnosis.

Comparative analysis of pulmonary nodules segmentation using multiscale residual U-Net and fuzzy C-means clustering.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary nodules have different shapes and uneven density, and some nodules adhere to blood vessels, pleura and other anatomical structures, which increase the difficulty of nodule segmentation. The purpose of this paper is to use multiscale residual U-Net to accurately segment lung nodules with complex geometric shapes, while comparing it with fuzzy C-means clustering and manual segmentation. METHOD: We selected 58 computed tomography (CT) scan images of patients with different lung nodules for image segmentation. This paper proposes an automatic segmentation algorithm for lung nodules based on multiscale residual U-Net. In order to verify the accuracy of the method, we also conducted comparative experiments, while comparing it with fuzzy C-means clustering. RESULTS: Compared with the other two methods, the segmentation of lung nodules based on multiscale residual U-Net has a higher accuracy, with an accuracy rate of 94.57%. This method not only maintains a high accuracy rate, but also shortens the recognition time significantly with a segmentation time of 3.15 s. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis method of lung nodules combined with deep learning has a good market prospect and can improve the efficiency of doctors in diagnosing benign and malignant lung nodules.

Management of medical and health big data based on integrated learning-based health care system: A review and comparative analysis.

PURPOSE: We present a Health Care System (HCS) based on integrated learning to achieve high-efficiency and high-precision integration of medical and health big data, and compared it with an internet-based integrated system. METHOD: The method proposed in this paper adopts the Bagging integrated learning method and the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) prediction model to obtain a high-precision strong learning model. In order to verify the integration efficiency of the system, we compare it with the Internet-based health big data integration system in terms of integration volume, integration efficiency, and storage space capacity. RESULTS: The HCS based on integrated learning relies on the Internet in terms of integration volume, integration efficiency, and storage space capacity. The amount of integration is proportional to the time and the integration time is between 170-450 ms, which is only half of the comparison system; whereby the storage space capacity reaches 8.3×28TB. CONCLUSION: The experimental results show that the integrated learning-based HCS integrates medical and health big data with high integration volume and integration efficiency, and has high space storage capacity and concurrent data processing performance.

Efficient Computation of Longest Common Subsequences with Multiple Substring Inclusive Constraints.

In this article, we consider a generalized longest common subsequence (LCS) problem with multiple substring inclusive constraints. For the two input sequences X and Y of lengths n and m, and a set of d constraints [Formula: see text] of total length r, the problem is to find a common subsequence Z of X and Y including each of constraint string in P as a substring and the length of Z is maximized. A new dynamic programming solution to this problem is presented in this article. The correctness of the new algorithm is proved. The time complexity of our algorithm is [Formula: see text]. In the case of the number of constraint strings is fixed, our new algorithm for the generalized LCS problem with multiple substring inclusive constraints requires [Formula: see text] time and space.

Intrapulmonary lymph node metastasis is common in clinically staged IA adenocarcinoma of the lung.

BACKGROUND: Intrapulmonary lymph nodes (LNs, stations 11-14) are usually omitted in postoperative pathological examination. Some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with intrapulmonary LN metastasis are incorrectly diagnosed as N0 cases. Furthermore, underestimation of intrapulmonary LN involvement in clinically early stage NSCLC may lead to the incorrect choice of surgical procedure: lobectomy or sublobar resection. This study was conducted to determine the status of intrapulmonary LN involvement in clinically staged IA (c-T1N0M0) peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung. METHODS: Seventy-five lobectomy specimens of c-T1N0M0 peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung were carefully dissected to find intrapulmonary LNs. The longest diameter of each intrapulmonary LN was measured and sent for pathological examination, together with hilar and mediastinal LNs, to investigate the relationship between LN metastasis and primary tumor size. RESULTS: Intrapulmonary LN metastasis was detected in 22.7%(17/75) of patients. Positive LNs were detected in 21.7% (10/46) of T1b patients and 45% (11/24) of T1c patients, while no metastasis (0/5) was observed in T1a patients (P = 0.036). The mean longest diameter of the 17 involved intrapulmonary LNs was only 6.5 ± 2.1 mm, which was not significantly different to the size of negative intrapulmonary LNs (5.2 ± 1.4 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Intrapulmonary LN metastasis is common in clinically staged IA peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung. LN metastasis is related to tumor size, and this should be taken into account to determine appropriate surgical procedures and postoperative treatment. Computed tomography is not a reliable method to judge LN metastasis, particularly intrapulmonary LN metastasis.

Primary Leiomyoma of the pleura.

Primary leiomyoma of the pleura is extremely rare. A 45-year-old man presented with a complaint of right chest pain. Chest computed tomography demonstrated a solid, round pleural mass in the right anterior chest wall. The mass was completely resected, and histopathological examination revealed a localized primary pleural leiomyoma. The patient was followed and has been disease-free for over 15 months. This is the first report of primary leiomyoma of the pleura in China. A review of the literature on primary leiomyoma of the pleura is presented.