Speckle visual cryptography for credential authentication.

Based on the high random distribution characteristic of the natural speckle image, a new method of speckle visual cryptography, to the best of our knowledge, is designed by combining the natural speckle image with the secret key in visual cryptography. Specifically, we designed an authentication system for user credentials by combining speckle visual cryptography and the QR code. By using the speckle visual cryptography method, the image of the QR code carrying user authentication information is hidden in the speckle image, and the speckle image is printed on the paper credentials. Through a simulation and analog experiments, we verify the possibility of applying speckle visual cryptography to a user credentials authentication system, compare the improved grayscale reordering algorithm and grayscale reordering algorithm, and prove that the improved grayscale reordering algorithm has more advantages in this system by comparing the PSNR and SSIM. Finally, the y-interference ability and the uniqueness of the virtual secret key in the system are analyzed to prove that the secret key has high anti-interference ability and security.

Double-layer symmetric gratings with bound states in the continuum for dual-band high-Q optical sensing.

Herein, we theoretically demonstrate that a double-layer symmetric gratings (DLSG) resonator consisting of a low-refractive-index layer sandwiched between two high-contrast gratings (HCG) layers, can host dual-band high-quality (Q) factor resonance. We find that the artificial bound states in the continuum (BIC) and Fabry-Pérot BIC (FP-BIC) can be induced by optimizing structural parameters of DLSG. Interestingly, the artificial BIC is governed by the spacing between the two rectangular dielectric gratings, while the FP-BIC is achieved by controlling the cavity length of the structure. Further, the two types of BIC can be converted into quasi-BIC (QBIC) by either changing the spacing between adjacent gratings or changing the distance between the upper and lower gratings. The simulation results show that the dual-band high-performance sensor is achieved with the highest sensitivity of 453 nm/RIU and a maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 9808. Such dual-band high-Q resonator is expected to have promising applications in multi-wavelength sensing and nonlinear optics.

Distinguishing between halogenated alkanes containing the same halogen based on the reaction kinetic parameter using negative ion mobility spectrometry at atmospheric pressure.

Electron adsorption ionization ion mobility spectrometry can be used to detect halogen-containing volatile organic compounds with high sensitivity. However, this traditional electron attachment detection method cannot distinguish between volatile organic compounds containing the same halogen. For different organic compounds containing the same halogen, the product ions formed by the dissociation electron attachment process are the same. In this article, we propose a novel negative corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry method to distinguish between and detect halogenated alkanes containing the same halogen according to the different electron attachment rates and reaction kinetic parameters of the different halogenated alkanes. Although these halogenated alkanes, which contain the same halogen, produce the same type of ions through the electron attachment process, their electron attachment rates are different from each other. In this work, the kinetic information is used as the fingerprint information for the tested samples to distinguish different halogenated alkanes. Five halogenated alkanes were successfully detected using this method. The results show that the method based on the electron attachment rate constant is feasible for the determination of halogenated alkanes containing the same halogen.

Optimal design of SPP-based metallic nanoaperture optical elements by using Yang-Gu algorithm.

An optimization method for design of SPP-based metallic nanoaperture optical elements is presented. The design process is separated into two steps: Firstly, derive the amplitude and phase modulation of isolating single slit with different width; Secondly, realize the optimal design of element by using an iteration procedure. The Yang-Gu algorithm is expanded to perform this design. Three kinds of lenses which can achieve various functions have been designed by using this method. The rigorous electromagnetical theory is employed to justify and appraise the performances of the designed elements. It has been found that the designed elements can achieve the preset functions well. This method may provide a convenient avenue to optimally design metallic diffractive optical elements with subwavelength scale.

Optical lens design based on metallic nanoslits with variant widths.

Designs of optical lenses based on metallic nanoslits are carried out based on the phase and amplitude modulation by tuning the slit widths. The slits are perforated on thin metallic film, and the width of each slit is achieved by simulated annealing algorithms, which is connected with both the amplitude and phase modulation. Two kinds of focal lenses, which can realize one or two focus points, have been designed. The finite-difference time-domain method is employed to check the performance of the designed lenses. Simulation results show that the designed lenses can perform the preset functions well. Using this method, multiple optical elements with different functions can be conveniently achieved in subwavelength scale.

Investigation of coupled third harmonic generation in one-dimensional defective nonlinear photonic crystals.

One-dimensional defective photonic crystals containing nonlinear material for coupled third harmonic generation (CTHG) have been designed. The general solution of the CTHG in such structure has been derived. The wavelengths of the fundamental wave (FW), second harmonic generation (SHG), and CTHG have been designed to lie at the defect states in different photonic band gaps by employing the simulated annealing (SA) method. Due to the strong location, low group velocity, and spatial phase locking, the conversion efficiencies of the SHG and CTHG have been greatly enhanced. Designed structure for multiple frequencies CTHG is also demonstrated.