Iterative ripple error suppression algorithm for the dynamic interferometry.

In dynamic interferometry, the retardation error of quarter-wave plate (QWP) causes inconsistency of the background intensity and the modulation of the four phase shift interferograms, which makes the periodic ripple error in the measurement results. In this paper, an iterative algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. Both simulations and experiments validated that the algorithm can effectively eliminate the ripple error in the measurement results with stable and quick convergence, therefore the measurement accuracy of the dynamic interferometer can be improved without any extra manual operation.

The extraordinary transformation of traditional Chinese medicine: processing with liquid excipients.

Context: The Chinese medicinal materials originate from animals, plants, or minerals must undergo appropriate treatment before use as decoction pieces. Processing of Chinese medicines with liquid excipients is a pharmaceutical technique that transforms medicinal raw materials into decoction pieces which are significantly different from the original form. During processing, significant changes occur in chemical constituents, which inevitably affects clinical efficacy. At present, the liquid materials in processing mainly involve wine, vinegar, honey, saline water, ginger juice, herbal juice, etc.Objective: This review introduces the typical methods of liquid excipients processing, summarizes the influence on chemical composition, pharmacological efficacy, and expounds the ways and mechanisms of liquid excipients to change the properties of drugs, enhance the efficacy, eliminate or reduce toxicity and adverse reaction.Methods: English and Chinese literature from 1986 to 2020 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015, and CNKI (Chinese). Liquid excipients, processing, pharmacological effects, synergism, chemical constitution, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were used as the key words.Results: Liquid excipients play a key role in the application of TCM. Processing with proper liquid excipients can change the content of toxic or active components by physical or chemical transformation, decrease or increase drug dissolution, alter drug pharmacokinetics, or exert their own pharmacological effects. Thus, processing with liquid excipients is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of TCM in clinic.Conclusion: This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in traditional Chinese herbs processed with liquid excipients.

Effects of dezocine and ropivacaine infiltration anesthesia on cellular immune function indicators, anesthesia recovery time and pain factors in patients with open liver resection.

The current experiment was carried out to explore the effects of dezocine combined with ropivacaine infiltration anesthesia on the anesthesia recovery time and pain factors of patients with open hepatectomy. A prospective randomized controlled method was used to select 92 patients with open liver cancer resection in our hospital from August 2017 to November 2019. The patients were divided into a study group (n=46) and a control group (n=46) using a computer-generated random number table. Both groups underwent general anesthesia, based on this, the study group was treated with ropivacaine infiltration anesthesia 10 minutes before skin incision, and dezocine was given intravenously 0.5 h before surgery, the control group was anesthetized with ropivacaine 10 minutes before the incision, and was given a saline injection 0.5 h before the operation. Compared the recovery of anesthesia (recovery time of spontaneous breathing, time to open eyes, time to extubation), the incidence of adverse reactions, and cellular immune function indicators (peripheral blood CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, NK cell levels), stress response indicators [serum blood glucose (Glu), norepinephrine (NE), adrenaline (E)], pain factors [serum dopamine (DA), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP)] before induction of anesthesia (T0), completion of surgery (T1), 12 hours after surgery (T2), and 24 hours after surgery (T3) between the two groups, and the degree of pain (VAS score) at T2 and T3 were compared between the two groups. The levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and NK cells in peripheral blood at T1, T2, and T3 in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); serum Glu, NE, and E levels in the study group at T1, T2, and T3 were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); serum DA, NPY, and SP levels in the study group at T1, T2, and T3 were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); the VAS scores of the study group at T2 and T3 were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05); the time of spontaneous breathing recovery, eyes opening and extubation in the study group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05); the incidence of restlessness (4.35%), transient hypertension (6.52%), and cough (2.17%) in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Dezocine and ropivacaine infiltration anesthesia can significantly shorten the recovery time of anesthesia and inhibit pain factor secretion in patients with open hepatectomy and can reduce the body's stress response after surgery, reduce immune function fluctuations, and can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to anesthesia, and help promote patients' postoperative recovery.

Advanced carrier squeezing interferometry: a technique to suppress gamma distortion in fringe projection profilometry.

An advanced carrier squeezing interferometry (CSI) technique is proposed to suppress gamma distortion in fringe projection profilometry. CSI combines phase-shifted fringes into a single spatial-temporal fringe and then extracts the phase from its frequency spectrum. Although it has the property of rejecting high-order harmonics, the traditional CSI technique uses an approximate model that generates extra disturbance lobes in the process of phase extraction from the frequency domain. Therefore, the filter window used to extract the phase has to be very narrow, which results in the extra loss of high-frequency information. In this paper, we improve the approximate model by introducing a phase-correction term and encoding it into the projected standard fringes. Then, there are no extra disturbance lobes in the spectrum, and the acceptable filter window to reject high-order harmonics can be much wider. Thus, it is possible to preserve more high-frequency information in the retrieved phase. We performed simulations and experiments to validate the ability of this method to suppress gamma distortion and preserve high-frequency information as compared to the traditional CSI method.

Phase extraction from two phase-shifting fringe patterns using spatial-temporal fringes method.

Phase extraction from phase-shifting fringe patterns with unknown phase shift values is a valuable but challenging task, especially when there are only two frames of fringes. In this paper, a phase demodulation method based on the spatial-temporal fringes (STF) method is proposed, where two phase shift fringes with linear carrier are fused into one STF image, and then the measured phase can be extracted from its frequency spectrum. The algorithm is deduced by extending the traditional STF theory with at least three frames of fringes to the two frames case. In the simulations, its performance is compared with the classical Fourier Transform method, and the different carrier and phase step conditions are analyzed where the accuracy can be ensured in most cases. The algorithm is also validated by the experiment, where the reliable result can be given even if the phase shift changes within a wide range.