RESUMO
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the important components of biodiversity in ecosystems. They are rich in species diversity, genetic diversity, and function diversity. Their taxonomy position moved forward to phylum, and there are 214 species belonging to 19 genera, 13 families, 4 orders, and 1 class reported in the world. AM fungi play a vital role in keeping ecological balance and enhancing ecosystem sustainable productivity. This paper reviewed the research advances in the species diversity of AM fungi distributed globally, the key factors affecting this species diversity in various ecosystems, and related regulation pathways. It was considered that molecular biological techniques would be the main approaches in the future study of AM fungal species diversity.
