Aggregation induced emission dynamic chiral europium(III) complexes with excellent circularly polarized luminescence and smart sensors.

The synthesis of dynamic chiral lanthanide complex emitters has always been difficult. Herein, we report three pairs of dynamic chiral EuIII complex emitters (R/S-Eu-R-1, R = Et/Me; R/S-Eu-Et-2) with aggregation-induced emission. In the molecular state, these EuIII complexes have almost no obvious emission, while in the aggregate state, they greatly enhance the EuIII emission through restriction of intramolecular rotation and restriction of intramolecular vibration. The asymmetry factor and the circularly polarized luminescence brightness are as high as 0.64 (5D0 → 7F1) and 2429 M-1cm-1 of R-Eu-Et-1, achieving a rare double improvement. R-Eu-Et-1/2 exhibit excellent sensing properties for low concentrations of CuII ions, and their detection limits are as low as 2.55 and 4.44 nM, respectively. Dynamic EuIII complexes are constructed by using chiral ligands with rotor structures or vibration units, an approach that opens a door for the construction of dynamic chiral luminescent materials.

Atomic-Level Engineered Cobalt Catalysts for Fenton-Like Reactions: Synergy of Single Atom Metal Sites and Nonmetal-Bonded Functionalities.

Single atom catalysts (SACs) are atomic-level-engineered materials with high intrinsic activity. Catalytic centers of SACs are typically the transition metal (TM)-nonmetal coordination sites, while the functions of coexisting non-TM-bonded functionalities are usually overlooked in catalysis. Herein, the scalable preparation of carbon-supported cobalt-anchored SACs (CoCN) with controlled Co─N sites and free functional N species is reported. The role of metal- and nonmetal-bonded functionalities in the SACs for peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-driven Fenton-like reactions is first systematically studied, revealing their contribution to performance improvement and pathway steering. Experiments and computations demonstrate that the Co─N3C coordination plays a vital role in the formation of a surface-confined PMS* complex to trigger the electron transfer pathway and promote kinetics because of the optimized electronic state of Co centers, while the nonmetal-coordinated graphitic N sites act as preferable pollutant adsorption sites and additional PMS activation sites to accelerate electron transfer. Synergistically, CoCN exhibits ultrahigh activity in PMS activation for p-hydroxybenzoic acid oxidation, achieving complete degradation within 10 min with an ultrahigh turnover frequency of 0.38 min-1, surpassing most reported materials. These findings offer new insights into the versatile functions of N species in SACs and inspire rational design of high-performance catalysts in complicated heterogeneous systems.

The application of topical antibiotics for the prevention of infections in primary joint arthroplasty. An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

This umbrella review aim to explore the effect of topical antibiotics in infection prevention after primary joint arthroplasty, and provide a specific theoretical basis for clinical treatment. The review process was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and the Cochrane Library on infection prevention by topical antibiotics from inception to 10 April 2023. The two researchers individually and strictly screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, performed the literature quality evaluation and data extraction, and used Stata 17 for data analysis. This study included six studies with one systematic review and five meta-analyses. The pooled analysis showed that topical antibiotic administration effectively reduced the incidence of overall infection and periprosthetic joint infection. However, it does not reduce the risk of superficial infection. Besides, the topic of antibiotics significantly increases the incidence of other sterile complications of the incision. According to the current evidence, topical application of antibiotics can reduce the incidence of overall infection and periprosthetic joint infection after primary joint arthroplasty. Although it increases the incidence of complications such as delayed healing of incisions, the pros and cons should be weighed in clinical decision making. However, they should not be discarded due to side effects.

Different anion (NO3- and OAc-)-controlled construction of dysprosium clusters with different shapes.

The complex hydrolysis process and strong uncertainty of self-assembly rules have led to the precise synthesis of lanthanide clusters still being in the "blind-box" stage and simplifying the self-assembly process and developing reliable regulation strategies have attracted widespread attention. Herein, different anions are used to induce the construction of a series of dysprosium clusters with different shapes and connections. When the selected anion is NO3-, it blocks the coordination of metal sites around the cluster through the terminal group coordination mode, thereby controlling the growth of the cluster. When NO3- was changed to OAc-, OAc- adopted a bridging mode to induce modular units to build dysprosium clusters through an annular growth mechanism. Specifically, we selected 2-amino-6-methoxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and Dy(NO3)3·6H2O to react under solvothermal conditions to obtain a pentanuclear dysprosium cluster (1). The five Dy(III) ions in 1 are distributed in upper and lower planes and are formed by the tight connection of nitrogen and oxygen atoms, and µ3-OH- bridges on the ligand. Next, octa-nuclear dysprosium cluster (2) were obtained by only regulating ligand substituents. The eight Dy(III) ions in 2 are tightly connected through ligand oxygen atoms, µ2-OH-, and µ3-OH- bridges, forming an elliptical {Dy/O} cluster core. Furthermore, only by changing NO3- to OAc-, a wheel-shaped tetradeca-nuclear dysprosium cluster (3) was obtained. Cluster 3 is composed of OAc- bridged multiple template Dy3L3 units and pulling of these template units connected by an annular growth mechanism forms a wheel-shaped cluster. The angle of the coordination site on NO3- is ∠ONO = 115°, which leads to the further extension of the metal sites on the periphery of clusters 1 and 2 through the terminal group coordination mode, thereby regulating the structural connection of the clusters. However, the angle of the coordination site on OAc- is ∠OCO = 128°, and a slightly increased angle leads to the formation of a ring-shaped cluster 3 by connecting the template units through bridging. This is a rare example of the controllable construction of lanthanide clusters with different shapes induced by the regulation of different anions, which provides a new method for the precise construction of lanthanide clusters with special shapes.

Coordination recognition of differential template units of lanthanide chiral chain.

Coordination-driven self-assembly processes often produce remarkable structures. In particular, self-assembly processes mediated by chiral template units have provided research ideas for analyzing the formation of chiral macromolecules in living organisms. In this study, by regulating the proportion of reaction raw materials in the "one-pot" synthesis of lanthanide complexes, we constructed chiral template units with different coordination orientations. As a result, lanthanide chiral chains connected to different structures were obtained through the self-assembly process of coordination recognition. In particular, driven by coordination, chiral template units with codirectional coordination points (called cis configuration) coordinate solely with cis template units during the self-assembly process to obtain a one-dimensional (1D) chain R-1/S-1 with an "S"-shaped distribution. Moreover, chiral template units with reversed coordination sites (called trans configuration) and twisted chiral template units are connected solely to templates with the same configuration to form a 1D chain R-2/S-2 with an axial helix. A circular dichroism spectrum shows that R-1/S-1 and R-2/S-2 are two pairs of enantiomers. The controllable construction of these two differential 1D chains is of great significance for studying coordination recognition at the molecular level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to construct a 1D lanthanide chain through the self-assembly process of coordination recognition. The assembly process of nucleotides to form a hierarchical structure is simulated. This work provides a vivid example of the controllable synthesis of lanthanide complexes with precise structures and offers a new perspective on the formation process of chiral macromolecules that simulates natural processes.

Development and validation of a deep-learning model for the detection of non-displaced femoral neck fractures with anteroposterior and lateral hip radiographs.

Background: Hip fractures, including femoral neck fractures, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population and are typically diagnosed using plain radiography. However, diagnosing non-displaced femoral neck fractures can be challenging due to their subtle appearance on hip radiographs. Previous deep-learning models have shown low accuracy in identifying these fractures on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs; however, no studies have used lateral radiographs. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using deep-learning with both AP and lateral hip radiographs to automatically identify non-displaced femoral neck fractures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with femoral neck fractures at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University. All the hip radiographs were reviewed, and cases of non-displaced femoral neck fractures were included in the study. Additionally, 439 participants with normal hip radiographs were also included in the study. A vision transformer (Vit) model was developed using 1,536 AP and lateral hip radiograph. The model's performance was compared to the performance of two groups of human observers: an expert group comprising orthopedic surgeons and radiologists, and a non-expert group, including emergency physicians and general practice doctors. We also carried out the external validation using two additional data sets to assess the generalizability of the model. Results: The Vit model showed exceptional performance in detecting non-displaced femoral neck fractures on paired AP and lateral hip radiographs, achieving a binary accuracy of 95.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 94.9%, 96.8%] and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.988. Compared to the human observers, the model had a higher accuracy of 96.7% (95% CI: 93.9%, 99.5%) on the paired AP and lateral hip radiographs, while the accuracy of the expert group was 90.5% (95% CI: 85.7%, 95.2%). Further, the model maintained good performance during the external validation, with an AUC of 0.959 on the paired AP and lateral views. Conclusions: Our Vit model showed expert-level performance in identifying non-displaced femoral neck fractures on paired AP and lateral hip radiographs. This model has the potential to enhance diagnosis accuracy and improve patient outcomes by reducing the need for additional examinations and preoperative time.

Does food safety perception matter to farmers' happiness？ evidence from China.

Although the determinants of individuals' happiness have been widely examined in the literature, little is known regarding whether and how food safety perception affects farmers' happiness. To fill this research gap, this paper examines the impact of food safety perception on happiness among Chinese farmers, utilizing open-access data collected through the Chinese Social Survey project in 2013, 2017 and 2021. This study focuses on Chinese farmers as the research subject, attempting to analyze the "happiness code" from the perspective of food safety, which supplements the literature on happiness and provides reference for protecting the rights of low-income groups and promoting food safety strategies in developing countries. To address sample selection bias, this paper employs the recursive bivariate ordered probit (RBOP) model and conditional mixed process (CMP) method. The results reveal that the perception of food safety exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on farmers' happiness in China. In addition, food safety perception is more important among middle-aged and elderly farmers and among those with higher education. Thus, the policy makers should continue to make up for the shortcomings of rural food safety work and extend regulatory measures to rural areas. They also need to take efforts to strengthen food safety promotion, enhance farmers' safety awareness, and safeguard farmers' "safety on the tongue".

Association between serum estradiol level and appendicular lean mass index in middle-aged postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies investigating the association between loss of estrogen at menopause and skeletal muscle mass came to contradictory conclusions. AIM: To evaluate the association between serum estradiol level and appendicular lean mass index in middle-aged postmenopausal women using population-based data. METHODS: This study included 673 postmenopausal women, aged 40-59 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2013 and 2016. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between serum E2 Level and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI). When non-linear associations were found by using weighted generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting, two-piecewise linear regression models were further applied to examine the threshold effects. RESULTS: There was a positive association between serum E2 level and ALMI. Compared to individuals in quartile 1 group, those in other quartiles had higher ALMI levels. An inverted U-shaped curve relationship between serum E2 Level and ALMI was found on performing weighted generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting, and the inflection point was identified as a serum E2 level of 85 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between serum E2 levels and ALMI in middle-aged postmenopausal women, suggesting that low serum E2 levels play an important in the loss of muscle mass in middle-aged postmenopausal women.

Aggregation-Induced Emission via the Restriction of the Intramolecular Vibration Mechanism of Pinacol Lanthanide Complexes.

Pinacol lanthanide complexes PyraLn (Ln = Dy and Tb) with the restriction of intramolecular vibration were obtained for the first time via an in situ solvothermal coordination-catalyzed tandem reaction using cheap and simple starting materials, thereby avoiding complex, time-consuming, and expensive conventional organic synthesis strategies. A high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS) analysis confirmed the stability of PyraLn in an organic solution. The formation process of PyraLn was monitored in detail using time-dependent HRESI-MS, which allowed for proposing a mechanism for the formation of pinacol complexes via in situ tandem reactions under one-pot coordination-catalyzed conditions. The PyraLn complexes constructed using a pinacol ligand with a butterfly configuration exhibited distinct aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, with the αAIE value as high as 60.42 according to the AIE titration curve. In addition, the PyraLn complexes in the aggregated state exhibit a rapid photoresponse to various 3d metal ions with low detection limits. These findings provide fast, facile, and high-yield access to dynamic, smart lanthanide complex emissions with bright emission and facilitate the rational construction of molecular machines for artificial intelligence.

A biocompatible pure organic porous nanocage for enhanced photodynamic therapy.

Porphyrin-based photosensitizers have been widely utilized in photodynamic therapy (PDT), but they suffer from deteriorating fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to their close π-π stacking. Herein, a biocompatible pure organic porphyrin nanocage (Py-Cage) with enhanced both type I and type II ROS generation is reported for PDT. The porphyrin skeleton within the Py-Cage is spatially separated by four biphenyls to avoid the close π-π stacking within the nanocage. The Py-Cage showed a large cavity and high porosity with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of over 300 m2 g-1, facilitating a close contact between the Py-Cage and oxygen, as well as the fast release of ROS to the surrounding microenvironment. The Py-Cage shows superb ROS generation performance over its precursors and commercial ones such as Chlorin E6 and Rose Bengal. Intriguingly, the cationic π-conjugated Py-Cage also shows promising type I ROS (superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) generation that is more promising for hypoxic tumor treatment. Both in vitro cell and in vivo animal experiments further confirm the excellent antitumor activity of the Py-Cage. As compared to conventional metal coordination approaches to improve PDT efficacy of porphyrin derivatives, the pure organic porous Py-Cage demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, which is further verified in both mice and rats. This work of an organic porous nanocage shall provide a new paradigm for the design of novel, biocompatible and effective photosensitizers for PDT.

Snaring Self-Expanding Devices to Facilitate Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Complex Aortic Anatomies.

The snare-assisted technique has been described to facilitate transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) delivery system advancement in complex aortic anatomies. However, the evidence is limited to case reports. To evaluate the safety profile of the snare-facilitated approach and its impact on self-expanding (SE) TAVR outcomes, we collected consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral SE-TAVR for aortic stenosis, using propensity score matching (PSM) separately in tricuspid and type-0 and type-1 bicuspid aortic valve morphology between the snare and non-snare groups. In 766 patients, despite the snare group having significantly larger annulus angulation and maximal ascending aortic diameter, both groups achieved comparable 30-day device success rates, regardless of first-generation or new-generation valve use. After PSM, the snare group had a significantly lower new permanent pacemaker implantation rate among 193 type-0 patients (3.3% vs. 18.3%, p = 0.01). The ipsilateral group used new-generation valves less frequently (23.0% vs. 75.4%, p < 0.001), but there were no significant inter-group differences in procedure-related events, except for a lower incidence of PVL ≥ mild in the ipsilateral group (14.9% vs. 32.3%, p = 0.01). In conclusion, the snare-assisted technique appears useful in SE-TAVR with angulated aortic root anatomy, and the benefits were comparable between ipsilateral and contralateral snare techniques.

Identification of watermelon H3K4 and H3K27 genes and their expression profiles during watermelon fruit development.

BACKGROUND: The ClaH3K4s and ClaH3K27s gene families are subfamilies of the SET family, each with a highly conserved SET structure domain and a PHD structural domain. Both participate in histone protein methylation, which affects the chromosome structure and gene expression, and is essential for fruit growth and development. METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to demonstrate the structure and expression characteristics of ClaH3K4s and ClaH3K27s in watermelon, members of the watermelon H3K4 and H3K27 gene families were identified, and their chromosomal localization, gene structure, and protein structural domains were analyzed. The phylogeny and covariance of the gene families with other species were subsequently determined, and the expression profiles were obtained by performing RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. The watermelon genome had five H3K4 genes with 3207-8043 bp nucleotide sequence lengths and four H3K27 genes with a 1107-5499 bp nucleotide sequence. Synteny analysis revealed the close relationship between watermelon and cucumber, with the majority of members displaying a one-to-one covariance. Approximately half of the 'Hua-Jing 13 watermelon' ClaH3K4s and ClaH3K27s genes were expressed more in the late fruit development stages, while the changes were minimal for the remaining half. H3K4-2 expression was observed to be slightly greater on day 21 compared to other periods. Moreover, ClaH3K27-1 and ClaH3K27-2 were hardly expressed throughout the developing period, and ClaH3K27-4 exhibited the highest expression. CONCLUSION: These results serve as a basis for further functional characterization of the H3K4 and H3K27 genes in the fruit development of watermelon.

Pure Organic AIE Nanoscintillator for X-ray Mediated Type I and Type II Photodynamic Therapy.

X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) circumvents the poor penetration depth of conventional PDT with minimal radio-resistance generation. However, conventional X-PDT typically requires inorganic scintillators as energy transducers to excite neighboring photosensitizers (PSs) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, a pure organic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoscintillator (TBDCR NPs) that can massively generate both type I and type II ROS under direct X-ray irradiation is reported for hypoxia-tolerant X-PDT. Heteroatoms are introduced to enhance X-ray harvesting and ROS generation ability, and AIE-active TBDCR exhibits aggregation-enhanced ROS especially less oxygen-dependent hydroxyl radical (HO•- , type I) generation ability. TBDCR NPs with a distinctive PEG crystalline shell to provide a rigid intraparticle microenvironment show further enhanced ROS generation. Intriguingly, TBDCR NPs show bright near-infrared fluorescence and massive singlet oxygen and HO•- generation under direct X-ray irradiation, which demonstrate excellent antitumor X-PDT performance both in vitro and in vivo. To the best of knowledge, this is the first pure organic PS capable of generating both 1 O2 and radicals (HO•- ) in response to direct X-ray irradiation, which shall provide new insights for designing organic scintillators with excellent X-ray harvesting and predominant free radical generation for efficient X-PDT.

Catalytic Pollutant Upgrading to Dual-Asymmetric MnO2 @polymer Nanotubes as Self-Propelled and Controlled Micromotors for H2 O2 Decomposition.

Industrial and disinfection wastewater typically contains high levels of organic pollutants and residue hydrogen peroxide, which have caused environmental concerns. In this work, dual-asymmetric MnO2 @polymer microreactors are synthesized via pollutant polymerization for self-driven and controlled H2 O2 decomposition. A hollow and asymmetric MnO2 nanotube is derived from MnO2 nanorods by selective acid etching and then coated by a polymeric layer from an aqueous phenolic pollutant via catalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-induced polymerization. The evolution of particle-like polymers is controlled by solution pH, molar ratios of PMS/phenol, and reaction duration. The polymer-covered MnO2 tubing-structured micromotors presented a controlled motion velocity, due to the reverse torque driven by the O2 bubbles from H2 O2 decomposition in the inner tunnels. In addition, the partially coated polymeric layer can regulate the exposure and population of Mn active sites to control the H2 O2 decomposition rate, thus avoiding violent motions and massive heat caused by vigorous H2 O2 decomposition. The microreactors can maintain the function of mobility in an ultra-low H2 O2 environment (<0.31 wt.%). This work provides a new strategy for the transformation of micropollutants to functional polymer-based microreactors for safe and controlled hydrogen peroxide decomposition for environmental remediation.

The ALOX5 inhibitor Zileuton regulates tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization by JAK/STAT and inhibits pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis.

5-lipoxygenase (encoded by ALOX5) plays an important role in immune regulation. Zileuton is currently the only approved ALOX5 inhibitor. However, the mechanisms of ALOX5 and Zileuton in progression of pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Zileuton on tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization and pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis, both in vivo and in vitro. In bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses, we found a significant association between elevated levels of ALOX5 and poor survival, adverse stages, M2 macrophage infiltration, and the activation of JAK/STAT pathways in macrophages. In clinical samples, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical results verified the high expression of ALOX5 in pancreatic cancer, primarily in macrophages. We constructed PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells and macrophages overexpressing ALOX5 using lentivirus. In PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, low-dose Zileuton inhibited PANC-1 cell invasion and migration by blocking ALOX5. In macrophages, ALOX5 induced the M2-like phenotype through the JAK/STAT pathway and promoted the chemotaxis of macrophages towards PANC-1 cells, while Zileuton can inhibit these effects. We constructed the nude mouse model of in situ transplantation tumor of pancreatic cancer. After treatment with Zileuton, the mice showed increased survival rates and reduced liver metastasis. These findings indicate that ALOX5 regulates tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization via the JAK/STAT pathway and promotes invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Zileuton can inhibit these effects by inhibiting ALOX5. These results provide a theoretical basis for the potential use of Zileuton in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Extraction, characterization and anti-oxidant activity of polysaccharide from red Panax ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus waste.

Red ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus are both traditional Chinese medicines. They have also been used as food in China for thousands of years. These two herbs were frequently used in many traditional Chinese patent medicines. However, the carbohydrate compositions of these two herbs were not normally used during the production of said medicine, such as Shenmai injection, resulting in a large amount of waste composed of carbohydrates. In this study, the extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. The Shenmai injection waste polysaccharide was extracted by using distilled water that was boiled under the optimized conditions. The Shenmai injection waste polysaccharide (SMP) was thereby obtained. SMP was further purified by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. With this method, a neutral polysaccharide fraction (SMP-NP) and an acidic polysaccharide fraction (SMP-AP) were obtained. The results of structure elucidation indicated that SMP-NP was a type of levan, and SMP-AP was a typical acidic polysaccharide. SMP-NP exhibited potential stimulation activity on the proliferation of five different Lactobacilli strains. Therefore, SMP-AP could promote the antioxidant defense of IPEC-J2 cells. These findings suggest that Shenmai injection waste could be used as a resource for prebiotics and antioxidants.

Epidermoid cyst beneath the scar after total knee arthroplasty: a case report.

The epidermal cysts are benign cysts most commonly found in the head, neck and trunk. An epidermal cyst of the knee is an unusual complication developed after total knee arthroplasty. Here, we present a case of an 83-year-old man with a palpable mass in the left knee located beneath the scar, 3 years after total knee arthroplasty. The patient underwent complete surgical excision of the mass. Histological analysis revealed an epidermoid cyst.

Identifying Key Factors for Burnout Among Orthopedic Surgeons Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method.

Objectives: To develop an evaluation model for, and identify key factors contributing to, burnout in orthopedic surgeons, providing a reference for the management of burnout among orthopedic surgeons in hospitals. Methods: We developed an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model with 3 dimensions and 10 sub-criteria based on an extensive literature review and expert assessment. We used expert and purposive sampling and 17 orthopedic surgeons were selected as research subjects. The AHP process was then used to obtain the weights and to prioritize the dimensions and criteria for burnout in orthopedic surgeons. Results: The dimension of C 1 (personal/family) was the key factor affecting burnout in orthopedic surgeons, and in the sub-criteria, the top four sub-criteria were C 11 (little time for family), C 31 (anxiety about clinical competence), C 12 (work-family conflict), and C 22 (heavy work load). Conclusion: This model was effective in analyzing the key factors contributing to job burnout risk, and the results can inform improved management of the levels of burnout affecting orthopedic surgeons in hospitals.

Facilitation of Behavioral and Cortical Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia by GABAergic Neurons in Basal Forebrain.

General anesthesia shares many similarities with natural sleep in behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. The latest evidence suggests that general anesthesia and sleep-wake behavior may share overlapping neural substrates. The GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) have recently been demonstrated to play a key role in controlling wakefulness. It was hypothesized that BF GABAergic neurons may participate in the regulation of general anesthesia. Here, using in vivo fiber photometry, we found that the activity of BF GABAergic neurons was generally inhibited during isoflurane anesthesia, having obviously decreased during the induction of anesthesia and being gradually restored during the emergence from anesthesia, in Vgat-Cre mice of both sexes. Activation of BF GABAergic neurons with chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches decreased sensitivity to isoflurane, delayed induction, and accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. Optogenetic activation of BF GABAergic neurons decreased EEG δ power and the burst suppression ratio (BSR) during 0.8% and 1.4% isoflurane anesthesia, respectively. Similar to the effects of activating BF GABAergic cell bodies, photostimulation of BF GABAergic terminals in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) also strongly promoted cortical activation and behavioral emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. Collectively, these results showed that the GABAergic BF is a key neural substrate for general anesthesia regulation that facilitates behavioral and cortical emergence from general anesthesia via the GABAergic BF-TRN pathway. Our findings may provide a new target for attenuating the depth of anesthesia and accelerating emergence from general anesthesia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The basal forebrain (BF) is a key brain region controlling sleep-wake behavior. Activation of GABAergic neurons in the BF potently promotes behavioral arousal and cortical activity. Recently, many sleep-wake-related brain structures have been reported to participate in the regulation of general anesthesia. However, it is still unclear what role BF GABAergic neurons play in general anesthesia. In this study, we aim to reveal the role of BF GABAergic neurons in behavioral and cortical emergence from isoflurane anesthesia and elucidate the underlying neural pathways. Understanding the specific role of BF GABAergic neurons in isoflurane anesthesia would improve our understanding of the mechanisms of general anesthesia and may provide a new strategy for accelerating emergence from general anesthesia.