[THE PRESENT STATE OF EPIZOOTOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE NATURAL FOCI OF INFECTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION].

The facilities of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare play a leading role in epizootological monitoring. The specialists (zoologists and entomologists) of Hygiene and Epidemiology Centers do basic work in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The data obtained in the participation of different ministries and departments are used to analyze the results of monitoring. The latter is one of the important steps in the management of the epidemic, process in natural focal infections. In recent years, there has been an unjustified reduction in the volume of studies in the natural foci. This negatively affects the reliability of estimates and predictions of the epidemic activity of the natural foci of infections. Ensuring the national, security of the Russian Federation, epidemiological surveillance, and control of its natural foci requires staffing and appropriate professional training in the zoological and entomological subdivisions of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare.

[Evaluation of modern epizootic activity of natural tularemia foci in Voronezh region using immune-serological and molecular-genetic study of main carriers of the disease].

AIM: Improvement of monitoring and prognosis of epidemic manifestations of natural foci of tularemia on the territory of Voronezh region using immune-serological and molecular-genetic study of main carriers of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 539 small mammals captured during summer period of 2011 in 4 districts of North-Eastern part of Voronezh region were studied. Animal organs were studied by serologic (search for Francisella tularensis antigens) and molecular-biologic (detection of F. tularensis DNA) methods. Tularemia antigen was detected using passive hemagglutination reaction (PHAR) with erythrocytic tularemia immunoglobulin diagnosticum. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied for detection of tularemia causative agent DNA. RESULTS: Complex study revealed epizootic activity of natural foci of tularemia in the examined territory. F. tularensis antigen and/or DNA were detected in 82 objects (15.2%). Use of RT-PCR allowed to additionally detect samples with relatively low content of F. tularensis DNA substrate, when antigen was not detected in samples. High sensitivity and specificity of the RT-PCR was ensured by inclusion of specific probes (tu14-PR2 and ISFTu2P). CONCLUSION: The results obtained give evidence on functioning and epizootic activity of natural foci of tularemia in Voronezh region that requires constant monitoring of the territory and prophylaxis measures, first of all vaccination of risk groups by live tularemia vaccine.

[Prognostic significance of indices of endogenous intoxication and of a monooxygenase system on the stages of surgical treatment in patients, suffering abdominal sepsis].

Some indices of endogenous intoxication and lymphocytic monooxygenase activity in the blood of patients, suffering abdominal sepsis (AS), were investigated, their prognostic significance was determined. In 28 patients the signs of AS were revealed, in 14 of a severe sepsis, in 11--of a septic shock. For peritoneal AS there were operated 37 patients, and for a pancreatogenic one--15. Relaparotomy "on demand" was performed in 12, and "the programmed" one--in 15 patients. A 30-days lethality in AS was 10.7%, in severe shock--28.6%, and in a septic one--63.6%. While AS occurrence a rising of metabolic activity of the monooxygenase system were registered in certain terms, and significant inhibition of this index--while severe state of the patients in a refractory shock occurrence. A safety correlational connections of indices in the blood and the lymphocytic monooxygenase system activity were determined in patients, who died.

[The role of oxidative damage of proteins and lipids in pathogenesis of traumatic disease in severe combined thoracic trauma].

The investigation objective was to study the dynamics of indices of the lipids and proteins oxidative damage, as well as search for possible prognostic criteria in the injured persons with severe combined thoracic trauma. Concentration of carbonyl groups of proteins and malonic dialdehyde was determined on 1-2d, 3-4th and 5-6th day after trauma in the blood plasm of 73 patients, ageing 20 -68 yrs old. While in conditions of massive infusion therapy concentration of the indices investigated do not reflect the oxidative processes intensity. Relative concentration in recalculation on concentration of common protein content constitutes a more demonstratable index. On the 5-6th day after trauma a tendency for normalization of the oxidative damage of lipids and proteins indices was observed in the patients, who have recovered, and while lethal outcome--their further enhancement was noted. There was established a one-direction dynamics of a relative indices in both groups up to 3-4-th day after trauma with a step-by-step its enhancement. Concentration of carbonyl groups of proteins more than 15.86 mcmol/g of protein on the 5-6-th day after trauma ought to be considered a trustworthy criterion of unfavorable prognosis.

[Methabolism of connective tissue in patients with complicated chronic pancreatitis].

A content in the blood serum of a free and connected oxyproline, collagenolytic activity of the blood, the level of glycosaminoglycans and elastase activity was detected in chronic pancreatitis (CHP). There were examined 73 patients (64 men and 9 women). CHP in a stage B (according to M. Buchler et al., 2009) was established in 26 (35.6%) patients, C1 - in 18 (24.6%), C2 - in 17 (23.4%), C3 - in 12 (16.4%). A progress of pancreatic fibrosis in CHP have occurred on a background of a high activity of elastase in neutrophils, a glycosaminoglycans level raising, as well as a free and connected oxyproline. A detection of a neutrophils elastase activity and oxyproline content in the blood serum may be used in a clinical practice as additional diagnostic criteria of estimation of the pancreatic pathology severity. The changes revealed were the same as in CHP of alcoholic and of the other nature.

[A method of diagnosis in posterior myocardial infarct]. / Sposob diagnostiki zadnego infarkta miokarda.

Based on the results of examination of 58 patients with myocardial infarction, the authors propose a method for diagnosing posterior myocardial infarction by abdominal electrocardiographic mapping. The anterior abdominal wall shows the area from which one may record the direct markers of posterior myocardial infarction: abnormal Q wave, R wave regression, abnormal QS complex, as well as ST segment elevation which is typical of acute myocardial infarction. The anterior abdominal wall also defines the areas from which direct signs of inferior and lateral myocardial infarctions may be recorded.

[Renal form of dissecting aortic aneurysm]. / Pochechnaia forma rasslaivaiushchei anevrizmy aorty.

The clinical data have been compared with the biopsy results of 24 patients who died of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. The clinico-anatomical data permit the authors to conclude that if dissection of the walls of the abdominal aorta takes place at the level of emerging renal arteries the dissecting aneurysm assumes the character of the renal disease with the typical pain syndrome resembling "renal colic". A number of symptoms are described typical for the dissecting aneurysm distinguishing it from the true kidney disease.

[The influence of learning on the "setting" of the spinal apparatus of reciprocal inhibition prior to voluntary motion]. / Vliianie obucheniia na "nastroitku" spinal'nogo apparata retsiproknogo tormozheniia pered proizvol'nym dvizheniem

The subjects performed daily for nine days from 200 to 250 single movements, namely a rapid dorsal flexion of the foot. Recording of the EMG of antagonist muscles and testing by the single and paired H-reflexes method has revealed three phenomena of learning: greater ratio of electrical activity (EA) of antagonist muscles owing to the enhanced agonist's EA; stronger reciprocal inhibition of the antagonist motoneurone nucleus at the beginning of the movement; enhanced supraspinal "tuning" of the spinal apparatus of the antagonist reciprocal inhibition before the beginning of the movement. It is suggested that the third phenomenon of learning underlies two phenomena.