Impact of hepatectomy and postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization on serum tumor markers and prognosis in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour, and its early symptoms are often not obvious, resulting in many patients experiencing middle- to late-stage disease at the time of diagnosis. The optimal time for surgery is often missed for these patients, and those who do undergo surgery have unsatisfactory long-term outcomes and a high recurrence rate within five years. Therefore, postoperative follow-up treatments, such as transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE), have become critical to improving survival and reducing recurrence rates. AIM: To validate the prophylactic role of TACE after hepatic resection and to assess its impact on patient prognosis. METHODS: This study investigated the efficacy of TACE in patients with intermediate-stage HCC after hepatectomy. When the post-treatment results of the observation group and the control group were compared, it was found that the inclusion of TACE significantly improved the clinical efficacy, reduced the levels of tumour markers and did not aggravate the damage to liver function. Thus, this may be an effective and comprehensive treatment strategy for patients with intermediate-stage HCC that helps to improve their quality of life and survival time. RESULTS: When the baseline data were analysed, no statistical differences were found between the two groups in terms of gender, age, hepatitis B virus, cirrhosis, Child-Pugh grading, number of tumours, maximum tumour diameter and degree of tumour differentiation. The assessment of clinical efficacy showed that the post-treatment overall remission rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. In terms of changes in tumour markers, the alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the patients in the observation group decreased more significantly after treatment compared with those in the control group. When post-treatment changes in liver function indicators were analysed, no statistical differences were found in the total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In patients with intermediate-stage HCC, post-hepatectomy TACE significantly improved clinical outcomes, reduced tumour-marker levels and may have improved the prognosis by removing residual lesions. Thus, this may be an effective and comprehensive treatment strategy for patients with intermediate-stage HCC.

A novel fatty acid metabolism-related signature identifies features of the tumor microenvironment and predicts clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common malignancy of the hematological system, and there are currently a number of studies regarding abnormal alterations in energy metabolism, but fewer reports related to fatty acid metabolism (FAM) in AML. We therefore analyze the association of FAM and AML tumor development to explore targets for clinical prognosis prediction and identify those with potential therapeutic value. METHODS: The identification of AML patients with different fatty acid metabolism characteristics was based on a consensus clustering algorithm. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the proportion of infiltrating immune cells. We used Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to construct a signature for predicting the prognosis of AML patients. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database was used to predict the sensitivity of patient samples in high- and low-risk score groups to different chemotherapy drugs. RESULTS: The consensus clustering approach identified three molecular subtypes of FAM that exhibited significant differences in genomic features such as immunity, metabolism, and inflammation, as well as patient prognosis. The risk-score model we constructed accurately predicted patient outcomes, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.870, 0.878, and 0.950 at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The validation cohort also confirmed the prognostic evaluation performance of the risk score. In addition, higher risk scores were associated with stronger fatty acid metabolisms, significantly higher expression levels of immune checkpoints, and significantly increased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells. Immune functions, such as inflammation promotion, para-inflammation, and type I/II interferon responses, were also significantly activated. These results demonstrated that immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2 macrophages, are more suitable for patients with high-risk scores. Finally, the prediction results of chemotherapeutic drugs showed that samples in the high-risk score group had greater treatment sensitivity to four chemotherapy drugs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the molecular patterns of FAM effectively predicted patient prognosis and revealed various tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics.

Synthesis of MoS2 Nanochains by Electrospinning for Ammonia Detection at Room Temperature.

MoS2 nanochains were successfully prepared via facile electrospinning and a hydrothermal process. The morphology of MoS2 nanochains was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A slurry composed of the MoS2 nanochains was coated on a silver electrode to detect ammonia. The detection range of ammonia was between 25 and 500 ppm. MoS2 nanochains offered outstanding sensing response, repeatable reproducibility, and excellent selectivity with a detection limit of 720 ppb. The responsiveness of MoS2 nanochains to ammonia remained unchanged for 1 week.

Sub-ppb-Level Detection of Nitrogen Dioxide Based on High-Quality Black Phosphorus.

The development of gas sensors based on two-dimensional (2D) layered materials has received lots of focus attributing to their excellent gas sensitivity. Here, a black phosphorus (BP) gas sensor device is fabricated based on high-quality few-layered BP microribbons using a facile route. Although BP is well known to oxidize in ambient conditions, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping manifests that the few-layered BP microribbons undergo slight oxidation and contamination during the grinding process. It is interesting that the surface and side of BP microribbons have nanoscale thin films and step-like nanoscale thin films, respectively, owing to the in-plane slip of the few-layered BP microribbons in the process of grinding, which are different from the conventional BP bulk crystals. The layered BP microribbon gas sensor demonstrated a high response to low-concentration NO2 and a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 ppb of NO2 under N2 and air conditions, which is the lowest LOD for NO2 detection reported so far. The mechanisms for excellently sensitive detection of NO2 for the BP microribbons have been investigated by first-principles calculations combined with experiment results, revealing that the sensitization mechanisms of the BP microribbon sensor are abundant nanoscale thin films, an optimum bandgap range with optimal carrier concentration, a hierarchical homojunction structure, and strong adsorption energy to NO2. In addition, the BP microribbon sensor demonstrated high selectivity to NO2, a low LOD under a high relative humidity, and good repeatability. The reported results of the BP sensor may provide great promise for improving the performance of other 2D material-based gas sensors and may expand sensing applications.

MCTS1 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Its Correlation With Immune Infiltrates in Breast Cancer.

Multiple copies in T-cell lymphoma-1 (MCTS1) plays an important role in various cancers; however, its effects on patient prognosis and immune infiltration in breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, the expression profiles and clinical information of patients with breast cancer were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, the MCTS1 expression levels were compared between breast cancer and normal breast tissues. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore the potential signaling pathways and biological functions that are involved. Immune cell infiltration was assessed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. The UALCAN and MethSurv databases were used to analyze the methylation status of the MCTS1. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to identify the prognostic value of MCTS1. A nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival (OS) rates at one-, three-, and five-years post-cancer diagnosis. MCTS1 was overexpressed in breast cancer and significantly associated with the M pathological stage, histological type, PAM50, and increased age. MCTS1 overexpression contributes to a significant decline in OS and disease-specific survival. Multivariate Cox analysis identified MCTS1 as an independent negative prognostic marker of OS. The OS nomogram was generated with a concordance index of 0.715. Similarly, the hypomethylation status of MCTS1 is also associated with poor prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the enriched pathways included the reactive oxygen species signaling pathway, MYC targets, interferon alpha response, immune response regulating signaling pathway, and leukocyte migration. Moreover, the overexpression of MCTS1 was negatively correlated with the levels of immune cell infiltration of natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells, effector memory T cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Therefore, MCTS1 maybe a novel prognostic biomarker.

Efficacy of targeted therapy in patients with HER2-positive non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy is an effective treatment for HER2-positive gastric and breast malignancies. However, the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with HER2 alterations remains controversial. We searched studies on HER2-targeted therapy in NSCLC patients that reported objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and progressionfree survival (PFS) published from database inception to 30 May 2021. A total of 32 trials involving 958 patients were included. The ORRs of HER2-TKIs targeted therapy, humanised monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab-based treatment and antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) (T-DM1) were 22% (95% CI 11-31), 23% (95% CI 20-65), 26% (95% CI 14-39) and 16% (95% CI _6-37), while that of ADC (DS-8201) was 60% (95% CI 35-85). The DCRs of these groups were 59% (95% CI 49-69), 39% (95% CI _9-88), 63% (95% CI 37-89), 31% (95% CI 4-58) and 87% (95% CI 62-112), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, numerically higher ORRs and DCRs were observed in the poziotinib (38%; 75%) and pyrotinib (35%; 83%) groups. The median PFSs of these groups were 5.51 months, 3.09 months, 4.61 months, 2.65 months and 12.04 months, respectively. HER2-targeted therapy can be considered an acceptable treatment strategy for NSCLC patients with HER2 alterations. In particular, ADC (DS-8201), pyrotinib and poziotinib demonstrated promising anti-tumour activity in HER2-positive NSCLC.

Magnetorheological Elastomer-Based Self-Powered Triboelectric Nanosensor for Monitoring Magnetic Field.

The adaptable monitoring of the ubiquitous magnetic field is of great importance not only for scientific research but also for industrial production. However, the current detecting techniques are unwieldly and lack essential mobility owing to the complex configuration and indispensability of the power source. Here, we have constructed a self-powered magnetic sensor based on a subtle triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that consists of a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE). This magnetic sensor relies on triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to produce electrical signals in response to the MRE's deformation induced by the variational magnetic field without using any external power sources. The fabricated magnetic sensor shows a fast response of 80ms and a desirable sensitivity of 31.6 mV/mT in a magnetic field range of 35-60 mT as well as preliminary vectorability enabled by the multichannel layout. Our work provides a new route for monitoring dynamic magnetic fields and paves a way for self-powered electric-magnetic coupled applications.

A fully 3D printed electronic skin with bionic high resolution and air permeable porous structure.

The bionic application of electronic skin (e-skin) requires a high resolution close to that of human skin, while its long-term attachment to human body or robotic skin requires a porous structure that is air permeable and enables hair growth. To simultaneously meet the requirements of high resolution and porous structure, as well as improve the sensing performance, we propose a fully 3D printed e-skin with high-resolution and air permeable porous structure. The flexible substrate and electrodes are 3D printed by a direct ink writing extrusion printer. The sensitive material is 3D printed by a self-made low-viscosity liquid extrusion 3D print module. This e-skin has a high sensor density of 100/cm2, which is close to the resolution of the human fingertip skin. The piezoresistive sensor units of e-skin exhibit a highly linear resistance response and a relatively performance consistency between devices. Owing to the porous and breathable structure, better human comfort and mechanical heat dissipation are realized. This high-resolution e-skin is successfully applied to identify small-sized objects with complex contours.

Transition-Metal-Free Valorization of Biomass-derived Levulinic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis of Curcumene and Xanthorrhizol.

Levulinic acid (LA) is acknowledged one of the most promising biomass-derived platform molecules and can be transformed into various value-added chemicals. Here, we report a new reaction process for the valorization of LA derivatives under transition-metal-free condition. The protocol combined with the conversion of the levulinate to tosylhydrazone and base promoted arylation, acylation, and etherification cross-coupling. Moreover, our method was applied to synthesize three biologically active molecules, rac-curcumene, rac-xanthorrhizol and rac-4,7-dimethyl-l-tetralone. This reaction discloses a new avenue for the high-value utilization of platform molecules.

A Flexible, Acoustic Localized Sensor with Mass Block-Beam Structure Based on Polydimethylsiloxane-Silver Nanowires.

The flexible strain sensor is a fast-moving technology and has been used in many fields. The array design and application based on flexible strain sensors have been the current research hotspots. However, there are few reports on research of acoustic positioning using the flexible sensor array. Herein, we designed and realized the consistent fabrication of a thin-film, acoustic sensor array. The acoustic sensing research of the sensor was demonstrated as well. We used a convenient fabrication method to design a flexible acoustic sensor using silver nanowires coated on a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with mass block-beam structure. The acoustic sensor can record sound within a frequency domain of 20-2000 Hz and volume detection range of 83-108 dB. The sensor's resonance frequency is 380 Hz, horizontal distance sound detection limit is 5 cm, and vertical detection limit is 3.5 cm. We also achieved 360° azimuth detection in two-dimensional space with a detection accuracy of 15°. In three-dimensional space, the flexible acoustic sensor array was designed with two flexible acoustic sensors to detect the position of the sound source. This research first proposes the use of flexible acoustic sensors to test the sound source orientation.

The dual-catalyzed boryldifluoroallylation of alkynes: an efficient method for the synthesis of skipped gem-difluorodienes.

The Cu/Pd-catalyzed boryldifluoroallylation of alkynes was achieved, providing the corresponding skipped gem-difluorodiene scaffolds with high regio- and stereoselectivity in moderate to excellent yields. This new approach has good functional group compatibility for both alkynes and 3,3-difluoro-substituted allylic esters. Moreover, an array of synthetic building blocks, skipped dienes, trienes, and drug mimics can be obtained via further transformations.

Performance of CNTs/GQD-Based Flexible Strain Sensors.

Nanomaterial-based flexible strain sensors have developed rapidly in recent years. Here, we propose a flexible strain sensor based on polydimethylsiloxane with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Different weight ratios of CNTs and GQDs were used as the sensitive units of the strain sensors. After analyzing the results of current-voltage curves and the strain effects of the sensors, we concluded that the introduction of GQDs played an important role in improving the sensitivity of the sensors. The gauge factor of the as-prepared strain sensors ranges from 0 to 841.42.

Regioselective ß-Arylation of α-Angelica Lactone through Isomerization/Addition under Mild Conditions.

The conversion of biomass-based platform molecules into various high-value chemicals greatly promotes the utilization of renewable biomass resources. Herein, an example of Rh-catalyzed ß-arylation of levulinic-acid-derived α-angelica lactone was reported, providing the γ-lactone-structure products with high regioselectivity. Both arylboronic and alkenylboronic acids could be applied in this transformation. This reaction tolerated a variety of synthetically important functional groups. Moreover, the obtained γ-lactone products could be readily converted to high-value products such as 1,4-diols and γ-methoxy-carboxylates.

Wrinkle Structured Network of Silver-Coated Carbon Nanotubes for Wearable Sensors.

Soft-strain-based sensors are being increasingly used across various fields, including wearable sensing, behavior monitoring, and electrophysiological diagnostics. However, throughout all applications, the function of these sensors is limited because of high sensitivity, high-dynamic range, and low-power consumption. In this paper, we focus on improving the sensitivity and strain range of the soft-strain-based sensor through structure, surface, and sensitive unit treatment. Nanosilver (Ag)-coated hydroxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OH-f MWCNTs) were explored for highly acute sensing. With stretching and depositing methods, Ag@OH-f MWCNTs and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are fabricated into a wrinkled and sandwich structure for a soft-strain-based sensor. The electronic properties were characterized in that the gauge factor (GF) = ΔR/R0 was 412.32, and the strain range was 42.2%. Moreover, our soft-strain-based sensor exhibits features including flexibility, ultra-lightweight and a highly comfortable experience in terms of wearability. Finally, some physiological and behavioral features can be sampled by testing the exceptional resistance change, including the detection of breath, as well as facial and hand movement recognition. The experiment exhibits its superiority in terms of being highly sensitive and having an extensive range of sensing.

A Portable Device for Rapid Detection of Human Serum Albumin using an immunoglobulin-coating-based Magnetoelastic Biosensor.

Abnormal protein concentration levels in human body fluids, such as urine, serum etc., are considered to associate with disease states, providing essential information for the pre-clinical diagnosis. This paper presents a wireless immunoglobulin-coated magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor for fast, cost-effective detections of human serum albumin (HSA) with small sample volumes at a microliter scale. This is the first portable resonant sensor based on magnetostrictive effect that can monitor different molecular states of HSA. Anti-HSA Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was immobilized on the surface of the ME sensor to selectively capture HSA. The rapid conjugation between the antibody and antigen changed the sensor surface states and thus induced resonance frequency shifts (RFS), which were monitored in real time for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of HSA. This paper brings forward a System on Chip (SoC)-based system architecture to realize the function of RFS sampling. The performance of the portable device was validated to be comparable to that of the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) AV3620 using different concentrations of HSA solution. The RFS were linearly proportional to the HSA concentrations in the range from 0.1 to 100 µg/mL with a linearity up to 0.998, a sensitivity of 8.70 Hz/µg.mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.039 µg/mL, indicating good feasibility of this method. Meanwhile, the response of this portable ME biosensor was quick and specific to HSA targets. This ME biosensor shows high potential to be used in diagnosing abnormal HSA.

Biocompatible G-Quadruplex/BODIPY assembly for cancer cell imaging and the attenuation of mitochondria.

The G-quadruplex aptamer is a high-order structure formed by folding of guanine-rich DNA or RNA. The recognition and assembly of G-quadruplex and compounds are important to find biocompatible drugs. Herein, triphenylamine conjugated 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) compound (BPTPA) was synthesized, and the interaction of BPTPA with G4 DNA was studied. It is found that BPTPA selectively binds with G3T3 G4 DNA forming a water-compatible nanocomplex (BPTPA-G3T3). BPTPA-G3T3 can image mitochondria and inhibit the expression of TrxR2. Cytotoxicity results indicate BPTPA-G3T3 can decrease the membrane potential of mitochondria and inhibit the proliferation of BGC-823 cancer cells. Therefore, BPTPA-G3T3 can be the biocompatible attenuator of mitochondria for cancer image and chemotherapy.

A Flexible Magnetic Field Sensor Based on AgNWs & MNs-PDMS.

This paper presents a new flexible magnetic field sensor based on Ag nanowires and magnetic nanoparticles doped in polydimethylsiloxane (AgNWs & MNs-PDMS) with sandwich structure. The MNs act as the sensitive unit for magnetic field sensing in this work. Besides, the conductive networks are made by AgNWs during deformation. Magnetostriction leads to the resistance change of the AgNWs & MNs-PDMS sensors. Furthermore, the MNs increase the conductive paths for electrons, leading to lower initial resistance and higher sensitivity of the resulting sensor during deformation. A point worth emphasizing is that the interaction of the AgNWs and MNs plays irreplaceable role in magnetic field sensing, so the resistance change during stretching and shrinking was investigated. The flexible magnetic field sensor based on the mass ratio of MNs and AgNWs is 1:5 showed the highest sensitivity of 24.14 Ω/T in magnetic field sensing experiment. Finally, the magnetostrictive and piezoresistive sensing model were established to explore the mechanism of the sensor.

Probabilistic assessment of visual fatigue caused by stereoscopy using dynamic Bayesian networks.

PURPOSE: In this article, we develop a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model to measure 3D visual fatigue. As far as our information goes, this is the first adaptation of a DBN structure-based probabilistic framework for inferring the 3D viewer's state of visual fatigue. METHODS: Our measurement focuses on the interdependencies between each factor and the phenomena of visual fatigue in stereoscopy. Specifically, the implementation of DBN with using multiple features (e.g. contextual, contactless and contact physiological features) and dynamic factor provides a systematic scheme to evaluate 3D visual fatigue. RESULTS: In contrast to measurement results between the mean opinion score (MOS) and Bayesian network model (with static Bayesian network and DBN), the visual fatigue in stereoscopy at time slice t is influenced by a dynamic factor (time slice t-1). In the presence of dynamic factors (time slice t-1), our proposed measuring scheme based on DBN is more comprehensive. CONCLUSION: (i) We cover more features for inferring the visual fatigue, more reliably and accurately; (ii) at different time slices, the dynamic factor features are significant for inferring the visual fatigue state of stereoscopy.

Peripheral Blood Eosinophil as a Biomarker in Outcomes of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Purpose: Mounting evidence suggests that eosinophil levels correlate with the effects of therapy and phenotype for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to clarify the relationship between eosinophil levels and clinical outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Methods: A prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study was performed in three teaching hospitals. Patients were grouped by quartile percentage (0, 0.7, 2.55) and absolute blood eosinophils count (0, 0.05×109/L, 0.17×109/L) and divided into four numbered groups ranked from low to high. Results: The study included 493 AECOPD patients. In the percentile-ranked groups, patients in Group 1 experienced significantly longer hospital stays, higher rates of both noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), and heart failure than those in Group 4 (12 days vs 10 days, p = 0.005; 29.5% vs 23.6%, p = 0.007; 48.4% vs 28.5%, p = 0.001). Group 1 also had higher frequencies of respiratory failure and pulmonary heart disease compared to Groups 3 and 4 (54.8% vs 34.8%, p = 0.002; 54.8% vs 35%, p = 0.003). In the absolute count-ranked groups, patients in Group 1 had significantly higher rates of NIMV than those in Group 3 (41.1% vs 21.7%, p = 0.001), had higher rates of heart failure, respiratory failure, and pulmonary heart disease than those in Group 3 and 4 (48.1% vs 30.2%, p = 0.003; 48.1% vs 30.4%, p = 0.005; 50.8% vs 32.2%, p = 0.004; 50.8% vs 34.1%, p = 0.008; 51.9% vs 34.1%, p = 0.004; 51.9% vs 33%, p = 0.003). There were outcome differences among the admitting hospital of stays in the absolute count groups (p = 0.002), but the differences were not significant in a pairwise comparison. The proportion of ICU admissions and mortality was different in two cohorts with no difference in a pairwise comparison. Conclusion: Patients with lower eosinophil counts experienced poorer clinical outcomes. Eosinophil levels may be a helpful marker to predict outcomes in AECOPD.

Prevalence and Baseline Clinical Characteristics of Eosinophilic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease with different clinical and pathophysiological characteristics. Cumulative evidence shows that eosinophil levels may be connected to the therapeutic effects and phenotype of COPD. However, the prevalence of eosinophilic inflammation in COPD and the baseline characteristics of eosinophilic COPD remain unknown. Our study investigated the prevalence of COPD with eosinophil levels of >2% and the characteristics of eosinophilic COPD. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Library, Medline, Embase, and the Web of Science for trials of eosinophil and COPD published from database inception to May 1, 2019. Results: In total, 40,112 COPD patients that were involved in 19 trials were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of eosinophilic COPD ranged from 18.84 to 66.88%, with an average prevalence of 54.95% across all studies. We found that men, ex-smokers, individuals with a history of ischemic heart disease, and individuals with a higher body mass index (BMI) were at higher risk of eosinophilic COPD (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.26-1.46, P < 0.00001; OR 1.23, 1.12-1.34, P < 0.0001; OR 1.31, 1.14-1.50, P = 0.001; MD 0.70, 0.27-1.12, P = 0.001). There was, however, a lower proportion of GOLD stage I patients among those with eosinophilic COPD (OR 0.84, 0.73-0.96, P = 0.01). No significant differences were found in terms of age, current smoker status, pack-years smoked, percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s, hypertension, diabetes, or other GOLD stages between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that eosinophilic inflammation is prevalent in COPD. Eosinophilic COPD was more likely to occur in men, ex-smokers, those with a higher BMI, and those with a high risk of some comorbidity; however, a lower proportion of patients with eosinophilic COPD experienced mild airflow limitations.