Serum lipids and associated factors of dyslipidemia in the adult population in Shenzhen.

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is one of the most important independent modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidemia in Shenzhen, a special economic zone and large metropolitan area neighboring Hong Kong. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 1,995 adults with a mean age of 46.56 years was conducted between February and July 2011 using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling. All the subjects were administered questionnaires regarding socio-demographic characteristics and other possible factors associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to assess the lipid profile. Weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 5.11 ± 1.15 mmol/L, 1.59 ± 1.47 mmol/L, 1.42 ± 0.33 mmol/L, and 3.22 ± 0.84 mmol/L, respectively. High values of TC, TG, low HDL-C, and high LDL-C were obtained in 14.49%, 16.14%, 8.82%, and 12.13 % of the 1,995 participants, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 34.64%, among which 25.04% of subjects were aware. Presence of dyslipidemia was significantly associated with increasing age, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of dyslipidemia with relative low awareness in Shenzhen was found. A comprehensive strategy is required for the prevention, screening, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia in Shenzhen.

[Snacks consumption among residents in Shenzhen City].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the status of snacks consumption among residents in Shenzhen. METHODS: By a multiple stage probability proportionate to size sampling, 12 communities were randomly selected from 8 districts of Shenzhen based on population proportion. In the second stage, 30 households were randomly selected from each community. In each household, 2 years or older were invited to take dietary survey. RESULTS: There were 66.1% residents consuming snacks. More girls ate snacks than boys (chi2 = 11.552, P < 0.01) and more children and adolescents ate snacks than adults (chi2 = 27.207, P < 0.01). The average daily intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, sodium,magnesium, iron and zinc from snacks were 107.8 kcal (451.5 kJ), 1.7 g, 0.8 g, 22.0 g, 1.1 g, 23.1 microg, 8.3 mg, 1.1 mg,17.0 mg, 9.3 mg, 21.0 mg, 0.8 mg and 0.4 mg. Food categories the most frequently consumed as snacks were fruit, pastry, milk and products, beverages and grains. CONCLUSION: It's important to strengthen the diet education among residents in Shenzhen, especially the knowledge how to select snacks correctly and rationally.

[Relationship between the body mass index, waist circumference and lipids levels among adults in Shenzhen].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and lipids levels, dyslipidemia among adults. METHODS: Totally 12 communities from 8 districts were sampled through stratified randomized sampling, 75 households from each community were sampled by random sampling for questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory tests. RESULTS: Within different BMI categories, the triglyceride (TG) in higher BMI group were higher than in lower BMI group, and the high density lipoprotein-c (HDL-c) in higher BMI group were lower than in higher BMI group; Within different WC categories, the TG, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-c (LDL-c) in higher WC group were higher than in lower WC group. With the increase of BMI/WC, the levels of TG, TC and LDL-c showed a rising trend (P<0.05), HDL-c showed a falling trend (P<0.05). With the increase of BMI, the odds ratios (ORs) of high TG, high TC, low HDL-c, high LDL-c and dyslipidemia showed a rising trend (P<0.05), and with the increase of WC, the ORs of high TG, high TC, high LDL-c and dyslipidemia showed a rising trend (P<0.05). There were positive partial correlations between BMI/WC and TG, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c. HDL-c had a higher correlation with BMI (P<0.05), TC had a higher correlation with WC (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: BMI and WC were independently associated with blood lipids levels, and high BMI and WC were the risk factors for dyslipidemia.