Hemothorax caused by injury of musculophrenic artery after ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage is the most common major complication after liver biopsy. Hemothorax is one type of bleeding and is very rare and dangerous. Several cases of hemothorax subsequent to liver biopsy have been documented, primarily attributed to injury of the intercostal artery or inferior phrenic artery and a few resulting from lung tissue damage; however, no previous case report of hemothorax caused by injury of musculophrenic artery after liver biopsy has been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old native Chinese woman diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis due to long-term redness in urination and abnormal blood test indicators was admitted to our hospital for an ultrasound-guided liver biopsy to clarify pathological characteristics and disease staging. A total of 2 hours after surgery, the patient complained of discomfort in the right chest and abdomen. Ultrasound revealed an effusion in the right thorax and hemothorax was strongly suspected. The patient was immediately referred to the interventional department for digital subtraction angiography. Super-selective angiography of the right internal thoracic artery was performed which revealed significant contrast medium extravasation from the right musculophrenic artery, the terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery. Embolization was performed successfully. The vital signs of the patient were stabilized after the transarterial embolization and supportive treatment. CONCLUSION: This case draws attention to the musculophrenic artery as a potential source of hemorrhage after percutaneous liver biopsy.

[Network Meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine injections in treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease].

Based on the network Meta-analysis, the efficacy and safety of different traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) injections in the treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease(CPHD) were systematically evaluated. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, Web of Science, PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library were searched to collect randomized controlled trial(RCT) of TCM injection in the treatment of CPHD from inception to October 1, 2023. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by the bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane systematic evaluation manual version 5.3. Stata 17.0 and RevMan 5.4 software were used for statistical analysis of the data. Finally, 103 RCTs were included, involving 9 332 patients and 13 kinds of TCM injections. Network Meta-analysis yielded the following results.(1)In terms of improving the total clinical effective rate, the top three intervention measures in SUCRA ranking are Shuxuetong Injection + conventional western medicine>Ligustrazine Injection + conventional western medicine>Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine.(2)In terms of reducing pulmonary artery pressure, the top three intervention measures in SUCRA ranking are Salvia Miltiorrhiza Ligustrazine Injection + conventional western medicine>Ligustrazine Injection + conventional western medicine>Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine.(3)In terms of improving left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), the top three intervention measures in SUCRA ranking are Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine>Danhong Injection + conventional western medicine>Ginkgo Damo Injection + conventional western medicine.(4) In terms of reducing brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), the top three intervention measures in SUCRA ranking are Xinmailong Injection + conventional wes-tern medicine>Ginkgo Damo Injection + conventional western medicine>Danhong Injection + conventional western medicine.(5) In terms of increasing arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO_2) and reducing arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO_2), the top three intervention measures in SUCRA ranking are Shenxiong Glucose Injection + conventional western medicine>Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine>Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine.(6) In terms of improving arterial oxygen saturation(SaO_2), the top three intervention measures in SUCRA ranking are Salvia Miltiorrhiza Ligustrazine Injection + conventional western medicine>Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine>Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine.(7) In terms of increasing the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV_1%), the top three intervention measures in SUCRA ranking are Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine>Tanshinone Sodium Ⅱ_A Sulfonate Injection + conventional western medicine>Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine.(8) In terms of increasing the proportion of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity in the first second(FEV_1/FVC), the top three intervention measures in SUCRA ranking are Salvia Miltiorrhiza Ligustrazine Injection + conventional western medicine>Shuxuetong Injection + conventional western medicine>Danhong Injection + conventional western medicine.(9) In terms of safety, neither the experimental group nor the control group experienced any serious adverse drug reactions during the treatment period. In summary, combining TCM injection with conventional western medicine treatment can improve the comprehensive efficacy of treating CPHD, reduce pulmonary artery pressure, and improve cardiopulmonary function and arterial blood gas levels. However, due to the limitations of the quality and quantity of research methodology included, the above conclusions need to be further validated by more well-designed and high-quality RCT.

3D Foaming Printing Biomimetic Hierarchically Macro-Micronanoporous Hydrogels for Enhancing Cell Growth and Proliferation.

Hydrogel, recognized as a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering, possesses notable characteristics, including high water uptake, an interconnected porous structure, and excellent permeability. However, the intricate task of fabricating a hierarchically macro-micronanoporous structure, essential for providing adequate space for nutrient diffusion and cell growth within hydrogels, remains a formidable challenge. In response to these challenges, this study introduces a sustainable and straightforward three-dimensional (3D) foaming printing strategy to produce hierarchically macro-micronanoporous hydrogels (HPHs) without the utilization of porogens and post-etching process. This method entails the controlled generation of air bubbles within the hydrogels through the application of optimal mechanical stirring rates. Subsequent ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking serves to effectively stabilize the macropores within the HPHs. The resulting hierarchically macro-micronanoporous structures demonstrate a substantial improvement in the viability, adhesion, and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when incubated with the hydrogels. These findings present a significant advancement in the fabrication of hierarchically macro-micronanoporous hydrogels, with potential applications in the fields of tissue engineering and organoid development.

[Network Meta-analysis of 11 Chinese patent medicines in treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy].

Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. The PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP were searched for the randomized controlled trial(RCT) from the inception to May 2023. The quality of the included RCT was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and the data were analyzed by RStudio 3.6.3 calling the "gemtc" package. A total of 96 RCTs involving 8 452 patients, 11 Chinese patent medicines, and 8 outcome indicators were included. Network Meta-analysis is described as follows.(1)In terms of improving clinical total effective rate, except Yixinshu Capsules + conventional western medicine, Shexiang Baoxin Pills + conventional western medicine, and Xinshuai Mixture + conventional western medicine, the other Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine were superior to conventional western medicine alone, and Shenqi Yiqi Dropping Pills + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(2)In terms of improving left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), except Yixinshu Capsules + conventional western medicine and Shensong Yangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine, other Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Shexiang Baoxin Pills + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(3)In terms of reducing left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD), Getong Tongluo Capsules + conventional western medicine, Xinshuai Mixture + conventional western medicine, Huangqi Mixture + conventional western medicine, Tongxinluo Capsules + conventional western medicine, Wenxin Granules + conventional western medicine, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were better than conventional western medicine alone, and Wenxin Granules + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(4)There was no significant difference in reducing left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD) between Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine and conventional western medicine alone.(5)In terms of improving 6-minute walking trail(6MWT), Yangxinshi Tablets + conventional western medicine, Yixinshu Capsules + conventional western medicine, Shenqi Yiqi Dropping Pills + conventional western medicine, Wenxin Granules + conventional western medicine, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were superior to conventional western medicine alone, and Shenqi Yiqi Dropping Pills + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(6)In reducing brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), Xinshuai Mixture + conventional western medicine ourperformed conventional western medicine alone.(7)In reducing hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), Shenqi Yiqi Dropping Pills + conventional western medicine, Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(8)In terms of safety, adverse reactions were reported in both groups. In conclusion, Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western medicine were more effective in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. The combinations relieve clinical symptoms and improve cardiac function indexes, and thus can be used according to the patients' conditions in clinical practice. However, limited by the quality and sample size of the included studies, the conclusion remains to be verified by multi-center, large-sample, and high-quality RCT in the future.

Network Meta-analysis of 11 Chinese patent medicines in treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy / 中国中药杂志

Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. The PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP were searched for the randomized controlled trial(RCT) from the inception to May 2023. The quality of the included RCT was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and the data were analyzed by RStudio 3.6.3 calling the "gemtc" package. A total of 96 RCTs involving 8 452 patients, 11 Chinese patent medicines, and 8 outcome indicators were included. Network Meta-analysis is described as follows.(1)In terms of improving clinical total effective rate, except Yixinshu Capsules + conventional western medicine, Shexiang Baoxin Pills + conventional western medicine, and Xinshuai Mixture + conventional western medicine, the other Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine were superior to conventional western medicine alone, and Shenqi Yiqi Dropping Pills + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(2)In terms of improving left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), except Yixinshu Capsules + conventional western medicine and Shensong Yangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine, other Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Shexiang Baoxin Pills + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(3)In terms of reducing left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD), Getong Tongluo Capsules + conventional western medicine, Xinshuai Mixture + conventional western medicine, Huangqi Mixture + conventional western medicine, Tongxinluo Capsules + conventional western medicine, Wenxin Granules + conventional western medicine, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were better than conventional western medicine alone, and Wenxin Granules + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(4)There was no significant difference in reducing left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD) between Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine and conventional western medicine alone.(5)In terms of improving 6-minute walking trail(6MWT), Yangxinshi Tablets + conventional western medicine, Yixinshu Capsules + conventional western medicine, Shenqi Yiqi Dropping Pills + conventional western medicine, Wenxin Granules + conventional western medicine, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were superior to conventional western medicine alone, and Shenqi Yiqi Dropping Pills + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(6)In reducing brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), Xinshuai Mixture + conventional western medicine ourperformed conventional western medicine alone.(7)In reducing hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), Shenqi Yiqi Dropping Pills + conventional western medicine, Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(8)In terms of safety, adverse reactions were reported in both groups. In conclusion, Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western medicine were more effective in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. The combinations relieve clinical symptoms and improve cardiac function indexes, and thus can be used according to the patients' conditions in clinical practice. However, limited by the quality and sample size of the included studies, the conclusion remains to be verified by multi-center, large-sample, and high-quality RCT in the future.

Bioinformatics analysis on structure and function and expression vector construction of SARS-CoV-2 related protein TMPRSS2 / 中国药理学通报

Aim Human TMPRSS2 is a transmembrane serine protease.In this paper, the structure and func¬tion of the protein were systematically analyzed by bioinformatics, the codon was optimized and the pro- karvotie expression vector was constructed to explore the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infecting host cells.Methods The recombinant expression vector pET-22b-TMPRSS2 was generated by molecular clo¬ning technology.The homology, functional sites, sub¬cellular localization, three-dimensional structure and evolutionary characteristics of TMPRSS2 protein were systematically analyzed by using analytical tools such as Protparam, NetPhos3.1, Blast, Clustal X2 and MEGA7.0.Results The prokarvotic expression plas- mid was constructed correctly; TMPRSS2 belongs to medium molecular weight protein, which is composed of 492 amino acid residues.The theoretical isoelectric point is 8.12, the molecular extinction coefficient is 118 145 L • mol~1 • cm"1 , and the half-life is 30 h; TMPRSS2 has 15 potential glycosylation sites and 49 possible phosphorylation sites.It is a transmembrane hydrophilie protein without signal sequenee.In addi¬tion, the protein has 13 potential B-cell epitopes and 7 T-eell epitopes.Seeondarv structure analysis showed that random coil accounted for the highest proportion of TMPRSS2 protein ( 0.453 3) , followed by extended strand (0.252 0).Sequence comparison and evolu¬tionary analysis showed that the highest sequence con¬sistency and closest genetic relationship with human TMPRSS2 was Pan troglodytes, followed by gorilla.Conclusions Human-derived TMPRSS2 protein is ev- olutionarilv conserved and functionally important.Hie results of this study can help to reveal the structure and mechanism of action of TMPRSS2 protein, provide ide¬as for the diagnosis and treatment of COYID-19, and accelerate the research and development process of new drugs targeting TMPRSS2 protein.

Relationship between CSMD1 gene polymorphism and schizophrenia and cognitive function / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the relevance of the three polymorphic loci in the CUB and SUSHI multiple domains 1(CSMD1) gene with schizophrenia and its cognitive function.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction-restrictive fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect CSMD1 gene polymorphism in 109 schizophrenia patients(case group) and 109 healthy controls(control group), and the cognitive function was evaluated by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). The allele and genotype frequencies between the case group and the control group were statistically analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.Results:(1)There were significant differences in the distribution of genotype AA, AC, CC (case group: AA, 51(46.79%), AC, 43(39.45%), CC, 15(13.76%); control group: AA, 22(20.18%), AC, 58(53.21%), CC, 29(26.61%), χ2 =18.203, P<0.001) and allele frequencies (case group: A, 145 (66.51%), C, 73 (33.49%); control group: A, 102(46.79%), C, 116(53.21%), χ2=17.269, P<0.001, OR=0.443, 95% CI: 0.301-0.652) at rs10503253 loci between the case group and the control group.(2) Differences in allele frequencies at the rs10503253 loci were associated with the visual space and executive dysfunction in the case group ( χ2=6.470, P=0.011, OR=2.089, 95% CI: 1.179-3.702). (3) Differences in allele frequencies at the rs17405197 loci were associated with language dysfunction in the case group ( χ2=9.468, P=0.002, OR=0.415, 95% CI: 0.235-0.731). (4) Differences in allele frequencies at the rs2740931 loci were associated with language dysfunction in the case group ( χ2=5.094, P=0.024, OR=2.016, 95% CI: 1.091-3.726). Conclusion:CSMD1 gene polymorphism may be a risk factor for the onset of schizophrenia, associated with symptoms of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

A survey of current practices, attitudes and demands of anaesthesiologists regarding the depth of anaesthesia monitoring in China.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to analyse survey data to explore two different hypotheses; and for this purpose, we distributed an online survey to Chinese anaesthesiologists. The hypothetical questions in this survey include: (1) Chinese anaesthesiologists mainly use the depth of anaesthesia (DoA) monitors to prevent intraoperative awareness and (2) the accuracy of these monitors is the most crucial performance factor during the clinical daily practice of Chinese anaesthesiologists. METHODS: We collected and statistically analysed the response of a total of 12,750 anesthesiologists who were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. The Chinese Society of Anaesthesiologists (CSA) trial group provided the email address of each anaesthesiologist, and the selection of respondents was random from the computerized system. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 32.0% (4037 respondents). Only 9.1% (95% confidence interval, 8.2-10.0%) of the respondents routinely used DoA monitors. Academic respondents (91.5, 90.3-92.7%) most frequently used DoA monitoring to prevent awareness, whereas nonacademic respondents (88.8, 87.4-90.2%) most frequently used DoA monitoring to guide the delivery of anaesthetic agents. In total, the number of respondents who did not use a DoA monitor and whose patients experienced awareness (61.7, 57.8-65.6%) was significantly greater than those who used one or several DoA monitors (51.5, 49.8-53.2%). Overall, the crucial performance factor during DoA monitoring was considered by 61.9% (60.4-63.4%) of the respondents to be accuracy. However, most respondents (95.7, 95.1-96.3%) demanded improvements in the accuracy of the monitors for DoA monitoring. In addition, broad application in patients of all ages (86.3, 85.2-87.4%), analgesia monitoring (80.4, 79.2-81.6%), and all types of anaesthetic agents (75.6, 74.3-76.9%) was reported. In total, 65.0% (63.6-66.5%) of the respondents believed that DoA monitors should be combined with EEG and vital sign monitoring, and 53.7% (52.1-55.2%) believed that advanced DoA monitors should include artificial intelligence. CONCLUSIONS: Academic anaesthesiologists primarily use DoA monitoring to prevent awareness, whereas nonacademic anaesthesiologists use DoA monitoring to guide the delivery of anaesthetics. Anaesthesiologists demand high-accuracy DoA monitors incorporating EEG signals, multiple vital signs, and antinociceptive indicators. DoA monitors with artificial intelligence may represent a new direction for future research on DoA monitoring.

Heart rate variability-derived features based on deep neural network for distinguishing different anaesthesia states.

BACKGROUND: Estimating the depth of anaesthesia (DoA) is critical in modern anaesthetic practice. Multiple DoA monitors based on electroencephalograms (EEGs) have been widely used for DoA monitoring; however, these monitors may be inaccurate under certain conditions. In this work, we hypothesize that heart rate variability (HRV)-derived features based on a deep neural network can distinguish different anaesthesia states, providing a secondary tool for DoA assessment. METHODS: A novel method of distinguishing different anaesthesia states was developed based on four HRV-derived features in the time and frequency domain combined with a deep neural network. Four features were extracted from an electrocardiogram, including the HRV high-frequency power, low-frequency power, high-to-low-frequency power ratio, and sample entropy. Next, these features were used as inputs for the deep neural network, which utilized the expert assessment of consciousness level as the reference output. Finally, the deep neural network was compared with the logistic regression, support vector machine, and decision tree models. The datasets of 23 anaesthesia patients were used to assess the proposed method. RESULTS: The accuracies of the four models, in distinguishing the anaesthesia states, were 86.2% (logistic regression), 87.5% (support vector machine), 87.2% (decision tree), and 90.1% (deep neural network). The accuracy of deep neural network was higher than those of the logistic regression (p < 0.05), support vector machine (p < 0.05), and decision tree (p < 0.05) approaches. Our method outperformed the logistic regression, support vector machine, and decision tree methods. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of four HRV-derived features in the time and frequency domain and a deep neural network could accurately distinguish between different anaesthesia states; however, this study is a pilot feasibility study. The proposed method-with other evaluation methods, such as EEG-is expected to assist anaesthesiologists in the accurate evaluation of the DoA.

Nanopore Formation and Structural Changes in Black Shale During the Initial Weathering Stage: A Longmaxi Formation Profile in Northwestern Hunan, China.

Understanding the controls on composition changes and porosity evolution in the critical zone of shale remains a major challenge. The aim of the present study is to develop a model of the changes in mineral compositions, chemical compositions and nanopore formation in shale during the initial weathering stage. To understand these processes, we selected a Silurian shale profile rich in pyrite and organic matter located in South China. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and bulk elemental data, the variations in mineralogical and chemical compositions with depth were studied. To characterize the full pore size spectrum and to gain insight into the nature of secondary pores and their relationship with weathering, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements and petrographic observations were combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The results show that Al and K are enriched slightly, while Ca and Na are depleted in the upper part of the weathering profile. Si, Mn and Ti are relatively stable from the bottom to the top of the profile. Quartz, feldspar, mica, illite and chlorite are the main minerals in the parent rock, and they are relatively stable along the profile. The rock density gradually decreases from 2.6 g/cm³ to 2.1 g/cm³ from the bottom to the top, and the color of the shales changes from black to grayish yellow, but no secondary minerals are detected. The chemical weathering of black shale is dominated by the oxidation of pyrite and organic matter, giving rise to color variation and nanopore formation. The increase in interparticle pores at the nanometer-micron scale is initiated by the dissolution of easily weathered components such as organic matter and pyrite. The removal of clay minerals and tiny particles by groundwater seepage may be the main cause of porosity enhancement during the initial weathering stage. This study suggests that nanoporosity may play an important role in the process of fluid-rock interaction within black shale during the initial weathering stage.

Research Status of Gouty Arthritis at Home and Abroad-Visual Analysis Based on CiteSpace Software / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze the research status of gouty arthritis at home and abroad in the past 15 years，and to provide reference for for further in-depth research in this field. Method:With “Gouty arthritis” as the research topic, the related papers during 2004—2019 were searched in Web of science core collection database and CNKI databases respectively. The results were statistically sorted out according to publication year，author，institution，literature source and key words，etc，and were visualized by CiteSpace software. Result:A total of 5 071 Chinese papers and 1 136 English papers were included. The amount of domestic and foreign publications continued to rise，forming a core team represented by LI Zhao-fu，XIONG Hui，SCHLESINGER NAOMI and other authors. The research hotpots focused on the pathogenesis，diagnosis methods， Chinese and Western medicine treatment，clinical observation，risk assessment and other aspects of gouty arthritis. Both of them had their own emphases. Domestic researches tended to focus on the treatment of gouty arthritis with traditional Chinese medicine，while foreign ones focused on the pathological research and clinical investigation of gouty arthritis. Conclusion:The number of researches in the field of gouty arthritis is on the rise as a whole，and there are both consistency and differences in the research content and hot topics between domestic and foreign literature. Therefore， we should strengthen cooperation and exchange between different teams and countries，so as to promote the overall development of this field.

A mitochondria-targetable two-photon fluorescent probe with a far-red to near-infrared emission for sensing hypochlorite in biosystems.

Hypochlorite (ClO-), one of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is closely related with many physiological and pathological processes. Especially as one of cellular reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, ClO- can induce mitochondrial permeability, which leads to apoptosis. Thus, developing an effective method which is able to sense ClO- in mitochondria is important. Although fluorescent probe has become a powerful tool for imaging ClO- in mitochondria, most of them suffered from phototoxicity to biosamples, autofluorescence, and photobleaching phenomenon due to their short-wavelength excitations and emissions. Based on advantages of two-photon fluorescent probe and far-red to NIR fluorescent probe, a mitochondria-targetable two-photon fluorescent probe with a turn-on signal in far-red to NIR region, Mito-TP-ClO, was developed for ClO- in this paper. Mito-TP-ClO is consisted of a triphenylphosphonium cations as a mitochondria-targetable unit and a structure of dibenzoylhydrazine as a response unit to ClO-. Mito-TP-ClO exhibited a high sensitivity and a high selectivity to ClO-, with a linear range from 6.0 × 10-8 to 1.0 × 10-5 M and a detection limit of 2.5 × 10-8 M. Due to its large two-photon cross section (267 GM) and far-red to NIR emission, Mito-TP-ClO exhibits excellent performances including low autofluorescence, photostable fluorescence signal, and deep tissue penetration (230 µM). Moreover, Mito-TP-ClO was successfully used to detect endogenous ClO- in bacteria-infected cells and inflammatory mouse model, which confirmed that Mito-TP-ClO is a powerful tool to monitor ClO- in mitochondria and study on effects of hypochlorite on mitochondria.

Lighting Environment Optimization of Highway Tunnel Entrance Based on Simulation Research.

At the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environment and a lack of adequate lighting usually cause some vision problems. The purpose of this study is to optimize the lighting environment at the entrance of highway tunnels. Firstly, based on a highway tunnel in Zhejiang Province, the natural illumination intensity in different seasons and climate conditions inside and outside the tunnel entrance was analyzed by means of DIALux simulation software. Then the variation in illumination conditions with distance at the entrance of the tunnel was analyzed. Finally, based on the results above, this study proposes four solutions as follows: setting up a shading shed, auxiliary lighting facilities, decelerating reflective markings, and an adaptive dimming system.

Benzopyran derivatives from endophytic Daldinia eschscholzii JC-15 in Dendrobium chrysotoxum and their bioactivities.

Five new benzopyran derivatives (2-6) and a new natural product (1) were isolated from endophytic Daldinia eschscholzii in Dendrobium chrysotoxum and determined as (R)-2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-2-methylchromen-4-one (1), (2R, 4S)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-benzopyran-4,5-diol (2), (R)-3-methoxyl-1-(2,6-dihydroxy phenyl)-butan-1-one (3), 7-O-α-d-ribosyl-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one (4), 7-O-α-d-ribosyl-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-chromen-4-one (5), daldinium A (6). These compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, anti-acetylcholinesterase, nitric oxide inhibition, anticoagulant, photodynamic antimicrobial activities and glucose uptake of adipocytes. Some compounds showed photoactive antimicrobial activities and glucose uptake stimulating activities.

New azaphilones and tremulane sesquiterpene from endophytic Nigrospora oryzae cocultured with Irpex lacteus.

Five new metabolites belonging to two backbones of pulvilloric acid-type azaphilone and tremulane sesquiterpene were obtained and their structures were determined by spectral analysis. Based on the biogenesis analysis, tremulane sesquiterpenes were obtained from Irpex lacteus by the stimulation of mixed-culture. The antifungal selectivities of metabolites produced by fungus against their co-culture fungus and common pathogens, exhibited competitive interaction of this mix-culture. The tremulane sesquiterpene conocenol B produced by I. lacteus through the induction of Nigrospora oryzae showed selectivity of anti-fungal activity against its co-culture fungus, N. oryzae, with MICs at 16 µg/mL and 128 µg/mL against I. lacteus. The fungus can metabolize these new compounds to inhibit the growth of co-culture fungus while not inhibiting its own growth. Compound 5 was active against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with a ratio of 35% at the concentration of 50 µM.

New Azaphilones from Nigrospora oryzae Co-Cultured with Beauveria bassiana.

In this study, the co-culture of Nigrospora oryzae and Beauveria bassiana, the endophytes in the seeds of Dendrobium officinale, were examined for metabolite diversity. Five new azaphilones were isolated, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis. In terms of azaphilones, compound 2 had an unprecedented skeleton, with a bicyclic oxygen bridge. The antifungal selectivities of the metabolite produced by N. oryzae against its co-culture fungus, B. bassiana, and common pathogens exhibited competitive interaction in this mix-culture. Compounds 1 and 2 showed obvious nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity with ratios of 37%, and 39%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 µM.

New bioactive compounds from aquatic endophyte Chaetomium globosum.

Two new oxidation products-related aureonitol and cytochalasan were isolated from Chaetomium globosum fermented in Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) and determined as 10,11-dihydroxyl- aureonitol (1) and yamchaetoglobosin A (2). Compound 2 indicated significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-activated macrophages, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with the inhibition ratios of 92.5, 38.2% at 50 µM, and cytotoxicity to HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and SW480 with the range of inhibition ratio at 51-96% for a concentration of 40 µM. Compounds 1, 2 showed weak anticoagulant activity with PT at 16.8 s. Few work was reported on the anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anticoagulant activities of aureonitol, and cytochalasan derivatives. The preliminary structure-activity relationship stated that the oxidation ring-opening in yamchaetoglobosin A can retain the inhibitory effect against NO production and tumor cell.

Effects of miR-29s Family on the Biological Behaviors of Glioma Stem Cells / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-29s in the glioma stem cells,and explore how the members of miR-29s affect the bio-logical behaviors of glioma stem cells. Methods Eight patient specimens were used to culture glioma stem cells. Real-time PCR was adopted to test the expression of miR-29s. CCK-8 analysis was performed to test the proliferation ,Transwell was used to test cell migration and invasion ,and flow-cytometry analysis was carried out to test apoptosis. Results miR-29a,miR-29b and miR-29c were decreased in glioma stem cells. Over-ex-pression of miR-29s could inhibit the proliferation,cell migration and invasion,but promote apoptosis of glioma stem cells. Conclusion miR-29s acts as a cancer suppressor gene in the glioma stem cells ,and miR-29a plays the dominant functional role in the family.

The effects of low impact development on urban flooding under different rainfall characteristics.

Low impact development (LID) is generally regarded as a more sustainable solution for urban stormwater management than conventional urban drainage systems. However, its effects on urban flooding at a scale of urban drainage systems have not been fully understood particularly when different rainfall characteristics are considered. In this paper, using an urbanizing catchment in China as a case study, the effects of three LID techniques (swale, permeable pavement and green roof) on urban flooding are analyzed and compared with the conventional drainage system design. A range of storm events with different rainfall amounts, durations and locations of peak intensity are considered for holistic assessment of the LID techniques. The effects are measured by the total flood volume reduction during a storm event compared to the conventional drainage system design. The results obtained indicate that all three LID scenarios are more effective in flood reduction during heavier and shorter storm events. Their performance, however, varies significantly according to the location of peak intensity. That is, swales perform best during a storm event with an early peak, permeable pavements perform best with a middle peak, and green roofs perform best with a late peak, respectively. The trends of flood reduction can be explained using a newly proposed water balance method, i.e., by comparing the effective storage depth of the LID designs with the accumulative rainfall amounts at the beginning and end of flooding in the conventional drainage system. This paper provides an insight into the performance of LID designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective urban flood management.

Interval estimate with probabilistic background constraints in deconvolution.

We present in this article the use of probabilistic background constraints in astronomical image deconvolution to approach a solution as an interval estimate. We elaborate our objective-the interval estimate of the unknown object from observed data and our approach-Monte Carlo experiment and analysis of marginal distributions of image values. One-dimensional observation and deconvolution using the proposed approach are simulated. Confidence intervals revealing the uncertainties due to the background constraint are calculated and significance levels for sources retrieved from restored images are provided.