[Diagnostic criteria of maxillary sinus hypoplasia using cone-beam computed tomography]. / Diagnosticheskie kriterii gipoplazii verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi po dannym konusno-luchevoi komp'yuternoi tomografii.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of X-ray criteria of maxillary sinus hypoplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 553 patients (1006 maxillary sinuses) with dental and ENT pathology from Minsk outpatient clinics, were studied. The morphometric parameters of 23 maxillary sinuses with radiological signs of hypoplasia, as well as orbits on the affected side, were analyzed. The maximum linear dimensions were measured using the tools of the CBCT viewer. The convolutional neural network technology was applied for maxillary sinus semi-automatic segmentation. RESULTS: The reliable radiological signs of hypoplasia of the maxillary sinus are a two-fold decrease in its height and/or width relative to the corresponding dimensions of the orbit, a high level of location of the inferior wall of the sinus, displacement of its medial wall to the lateral side, anterolateral wall asymmetry in association with unilateral hypoplasia, as well as lateralization of the uncinate process and ethmoid infundibulum with narrowing of ostial passage. CONCLUSION: In unilateral hypoplasia, the volume of the sinus is reduced by 31-58% compared to the contralateral side.

Features of the immunological profile of blood and urine in patients with post-infectious glomerulonephritis.

The timely diagnosis and treatment of post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is currently limited by the erased and low-symptom nature of the disease, which leads to the search for informative biological markers of the disease, which can be used as immunological indicators of blood and urine. The study was carried out in order to establish the characteristic changes in the immunological parameters of blood and urine in patients with PIGN. The study included 60 patients with PIGN from among the patients, hospitalized in the nephrology department of the Republican Clinical Hospital of Health Care Ministry of the Chuvash Republic in 2015-2018. In addition to the generally accepted research methods, the patients underwent: 1) the determination of indicators of innate and acquired immune response in the blood (CD3+ -, CD3+ CD4+-, CD3+CD8+-, CD4+CD25+-, CD95+-, CD20+-, CD14+CD282+-, CD14+CD284+- cells; levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, circulating immune complexes, C3, C4) and urine (levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4); 2) the determination of the levels of cytokines - IL-1ß, Ra-IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A in blood serum and urine. The data obtained were compared with those of the group of healthy individuals. The changes in blood immunological parameters, identified in the group of patients with PIGN, indicate the activation of innate immunity (the increase in the number of CD14+TLR2+- cells) and the humoral component of adaptive immunity (the increase in the number of B-lymphocytes, hyperimmunoglobulinemia - the increase in IgM and IgA levels) against the background of the decrease in the number of T (CD3+) - lymphocytes and regulatory (CD4+CD25high) - cells, hypocomplementemia (decreased levels of C3, C4). The increase in the content of C3, IgG and IgA was found in the urine. The cytokine profile of blood in patients with PIGN was characterized by the increase in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, Ra-IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, with the exception of IL-4, which remained on the levels of healthy individuals. The cytokine profile of urine in patients was characterized by the increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-8, IL-17A and anti-inflammatory cytokine - IL-10, with no changes in the content of Ra-IL-1ß and IL-4. The revealed features of the immunological profile of blood and urine in patients with PIGN reflect the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of this disease.

[Bifid mandibular canal]. / Razdvoennyi kanal nizhnei cheliusti.

The article describes three types of bifurcations of the mandibular canal that were identified as accidental findings in cone-beam computed tomograms of the maxillofacial area of patients subjected to dental treatment. Bifid mandibular canal types are illustraded with clinical cases.

[Comparative study of the antiarrhythmic activity of L-, D-and DL-stereoisomers of potassium magnesium aspartate].

Injection forms of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) aspartate (Asp) were compared in preventing cardiac disorders caused by electrolytic disturbances, primarily low K and Mg levels (e.g. caused by the treatment with cardiac glycosides and diuretic drugs). Widely used K- and Mg-Asp preparations (asparkam, panangin, pamaton) are synthesized from aspartic acid representing a racemic mixture of L- and D-stereoisomers. Differences in metabolism and utilization of D- and L-amino acids probably influence the pharmacological properties of K and Mg L- and D-aspartates. Moreover, the pharmacologically effective doses of Mg and K salts can induce toxicity, which depends on the nature of anions. The aim of this study was to compare of antiarrhythmic action of K and Mg L-, D-, and DL-Asp stereoisomers using calcium chloride (CaCl2) and aconitine induced arrhythmia models in rats and strophanthin-K induced arrhythmia model in guinea pigs. It was found that intravenously administered K- and Mg-L-Asp exhibited higher activity compared to K- and Mg-D- and DL-Asp on the strophanthin-K, CaCl2, and aconitine induced arrhythmia models. Indeed, K- and Mg-L-Asp more effectively decreased the incidence of arrhythmias, increased the time to onset of the first arrhythmia, decreased percentage loss of rats, and increased the survival life of animals after the first arrhythmia onset in rats with arrhythmias induced by strophanthin-K and CaCl2 as compared to K and Mg-D- and DL-Asp. At the same time K- and Mg-L-Asp was better than D- and DL-Asp with respect to acute toxicity (LD50), effective dose (ED50) and antiarrhythmic (therapeutic) ratio (LD50/ED50) in rats with aconitine-induced arrhythmia model.

[Clinical and immunological effect produced by vaccination with "Pneumo 23" of children with atopic bronchial asthma].

A total of 45 children aged 4-16 years with atopic bronchial asthma of different severity level-resulted from a past case of outhospital pneumonia, received vaccine "Pneumo 23" ("Aventis Pasteur", France). The vaccine was found to be well tolerated, no cases of the exacerbation of the atopic process were registered. A reliable Increased level of specific antibodies to the mixture of polysaccharides, contained in the vaccine "Pneumo 23", was found to occur. The tendency towards decreased level of serum IgE was established.

[N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase secreted by the marine fungus Phoma glomerata]. / Sekretiruemaia N-atsetil-beta-D-geksozaminidaza morskogo griba Phoma glomerata.

Among the ten strains of marine fungi studied, the mycelial fungus Phoma glomerata showed maximum potency in producing N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The conditions for fungal growth and enzyme biosynthesis were evaluated. N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase was isolated from the culture liquid of Phoma glomerata by ion-exchange chromatography (on DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephacell) and gel filtration (on Toyopearl HW-55) with a yield of 35%; the enzyme, purified 36.4-fold, had a molecular weight of 20 kDa. The homogeneity of the enzyme was confirmed by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. Transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by the enzyme produced N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine with respective yields of 38 and 46%.

[A new technology for evaluation the functional condition of the cardiovascular system]. / Novaia tekhnologiia otsenki funktsional'nogo sostoianiia serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy.

New models of a sensor matrix and of a device designed for biomedical diagnostics are described. A radio-induction analysis technique applicable to hemodynamic parameters as well as the related equipment and soft meant for evaluating the functional condition of the cardiovascular system were elaborated. The potentialities of using the above computer system in medical diagnostics are defined.

Comparative study of the efficacy of potassium magnesium L-, D- and DL-aspartate stereoisomers in overcoming digoxin- and furosemide-induced potassium and magnesium depletions.

Potassium and magnesium aspartate (K,Mg aspartate) is used in treating and preventing cardiac disruptions caused by electrolytic disturbances, primarily low potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) levels (e.g. in the treatment with cardiac glycosides and diuretic drugs). Widely used, K,Mg aspartate is synthesized from aspartic acid representing a racemic mix of L- and D-stereoisomers. Differences in metabolism and utilisation of D- and L-amino acids probably have an effect on the pharmacological properties of K,Mg L- and D-aspartates, and what is more, pharmacological doses of magnesium and potassium salts may induce toxicity, which differs according to the nature of the anions. Therefore, the purpose of the present work was to study the effect of intravenously administered K,Mg L-aspartate in comparison with its D- and DL-stereoisomers on K and Mg restoration rates in plasma, erythrocytes and myocardium and to evaluate the urine excretion rate of amine nitrogen and Mg in digoxin and furosemide treated rats. To induce Mg depletion, male rats, weighing 180-200 g, were given furosemide and digoxin at doses of 30 mg/kg (i.p.) and 0.25 mg/kg (i.p.) daily for 14 days. After 14 days K,Mg L-, D- and DL-aspartates were administered with simultaneous furosemide and digoxin treating at dose of 100 mg/kg (i.v.), which corresponds to 46.95 mg of Mg aspartate (i.e. Mg = 3.96 mg) and 53.05 mg of K aspartate (i.e. K = 12.12 mg) per kg bodyweight. Erythrocyte, plasma and urine Mg levels were measured by colorimetric assay using the method based on the staining reaction of Mg and thiazole yellow. Myocardium Mg and K content and erythrocyte K levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The level of amine nitrogen was measured by colorimetric assay using the method based on the staining reaction with ninhydrin. It was shown that K,Mg L-aspartate administration leads to higher compensation of K and Mg deficiency in rats with furosemide and digoxin induced K and Mg depletion, as compared with D- and DL-stereoisomers. According to the K and Mg deficiency correction rate, K,Mg aspartates may be ranged in the following order: K, Mg L-aspartate > K,Mg DL-aspartate > K,Mg D-aspartate. It was shown that after administration of K,Mg L-aspartate, daily urine excretion of amine nitrogen and Mg is less than after D- and DL-stereoisomer administration. According to the quantity of excreted amine nitrogen and Mg in urine, K,Mg aspartates may be ranged in the following order: K,Mg D-aspartate = K, Mg DL-aspartate > K,Mg L-aspartate. So, K,Mg L-aspartate is more beneficial in the treatment of several forms of primary Mg and K deficiency than K,Mg DL-aspartate and K, Mg D-aspartate.

[New technique designed for the evaluating of respiratory function]. / Novaia teknologiia dlia otsenki funktsii dykhaniia.

New models of the matrix of sensors and devices operating in the meter-range are presented for use in the medical diagnostics. A technique of a remotely controllable analysis of respiratory volumes and a method for the functional visualization of respiration were worked out. The possibilities of using the DU and FD-P pulmonology computer systems in medicine were studied.

[The correction of the cardiovascular system changes in patients with the spastic form of infantile cerebral palsy in the chronic residual stage by means of mesodiencephalic modulation]. / Korrektsiia izmenenii serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy u bol'nykh detskim tserebral'nym paralichom v khronicheskoi rezidual'noi stadii so spasticheskoi formoi metodom mezodiéntsefal'noi moduliatsii.

Transcranial electrotherapy--mesodiencephalic modulation on the basis of activation of the central regulatory structures induced by weak impulse current--proved effective in relief of clinical symptoms and mitral prolapse, correction of conduction, automatism, contractility, vegetative unbalance due to normalization of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system.

[The effect of water-soluble beta-carotene (Vetoron) on the immune status of children from ecologically unfavorable regions]. / Vliianie vodorastvorimogo beta-karotina (vetorona) na immunnyi status detei iz ékologicheski neblagopriiatnykh regionov.

Resort therapy-induced immunological changes were studied in 67 children from the unfavourable environmental areas, out of them 38 children (an experimental group) on Vetoron and 29 untreated children (a control group). The examinees were found to have secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency appeared as lower levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A and higher levels of IgM, IgG and IgE. The health resort therapy improved the body's overall responsiveness--elevated the levels of IgA and IgM-reduced these of IgE, enhanced the activity of alkaline phosphatase and increased monocyte counts. The use Vetoron enhanced the efficiency of spa therapy in the examined children versus the matched ones, significantly elevated the relative levels of T lymphocytes and IgG and increased the activity of phagocytes.