RESUMO
In terms of morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular illnesses are the main cause of death worldwide. Half of all noncommunicable diseases on the earth are caused by them. Due to the steadily rising mortality rates from circulatory diseases in Kazakhstan, our region was identified as having a high cardiovascular risk in 2021 when the updated Score 2 (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) scale was developed. There has been a recent increase in this pathology's prevalence among younger people (up to 44 years). In this regard, a large number of scholars are engaged in active research into the variables that affect the onset of coronary heart disease in this population, particularly its acute forms, which frequently mark the onset of the disease in this age group. The research of international experts supports the impact of classic risk factors such arterial hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, inactivity, and loaded anamnesis on the early development of atherosclerosis. The Fourth Universal Definition distinguishes five different forms of myocardial infarction, and if the first type is directly linked to atherogenesis, the second type develops as a result of ischemia imbalance in the absence of coronary artery obstructive lesions. There are currently no definite, widely acknowledged standards for the identification and management of type 2 myocardial infarction. Thereby there was a need to research the impact of additional risk factors, such as subclinical systemic inflammation, genetic polymorphism of genes involved in lipid metabolism, thrombosis, and responsible for the development of endothelial dysfunction, given the differences in the pathogenetic mechanisms of different types of myocardial infarction. It's still up for debate whether comorbidity has any impact on the frequency of early cardiovascular events in the population of young individuals. Aim is to study international approach in an assessment of risk factors of the development of myocardial infarction at young population. The review used content analysis on the research topic, national guidelines, WHO recommendations. The electronic databases Pubmed, eLibrary from 1999 to 2022 were used as sources of information. The search was conducted on the keywords «myocardial infarction¼, «infarction in young¼, «risk factors¼ and MeSH terms «myocardial infarction/etiology¼, «myocardial infarction/young¼, «myocardial infarction/risk factors¼. Of the 50 sources found, 37 corresponded to the research request. This field of scientific study is one of the most important today because of the prevalence of formation and poor prognosis of non-atherothrombogenic myocardial infarctions, compared with type 1 infarcts. Numerous foreign and domestic authors have been motivated to look for new markers of the early onset of coronary heart disease, develop adequate risk stratification algorithms, and create efficient primary and secondary prevention strategies at the level of primary healthcare and hospitals as a result of the high mortality and disability rates in this age group that are a significant economic and social problem.
