Acute pancreatitis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

The impact of lifestyle, measured with the HLPCQ questionnaire on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Poland: a multicenter study.

Metabolic syndrome is one of the most common health problems for people around the world. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults without prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. We also plan to assess the influence of certain lifestyle components on prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The study involved cardiovascularly healthy patients undergoing lab tests, measurements, and the HLPCQ questionnaire (The Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire). The data were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Out of 1044 patients from 10 primary care facilities, 23.3% met the metabolic syndrome criteria, showing a strong link with increased blood pressure, cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Lower scores in the Organized physical exercise subscale of the HLPCQ questionnaire were noted in those with metabolic syndrome. Comparing the subscale of HLPCQ questionnaire, the lower results in Organized physical exercise subscale were found among the participants with metabolic syndrome, both male and females. Metabolic syndrome, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, should be screened for actively, even in apparently healthy populations. Results obtained in our study from analysis of HLPCQ show that screening for metabolic syndrome should be preceded by prevention based on regular physical activity and proper eating habits.

Long-term cenobamate retention, efficacy, and safety: outcomes from Expanded Access Programme.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the long-term retention rate, efficacy, and tolerability of adjunctive cenobamate (CNB) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy within the Polish Expanded Access Programme (EAP). CLINICAL RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY: Long-term retention rate is a useful measure of effectiveness including efficacy, safety, and tolerability of antiseizure medications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a multicentre retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with focal epilepsy treated with CNB in the EAP between January 2020 and May 2023. All patients who completed the open-label extension phases of the YKP3089C013 and YKP3089C017 trials were offered the opportunity to continue CNB treatment within the EAP. We analysed cenobamate retention, seizure outcomes, and adverse events. RESULTS: 38 patients (18 females; 47.3%) continued CNB treatment within the Expanded Access Programme for 41 months. The mean baseline age of patients was 39.3 years (range: 18-57). All patients were on polytherapy, with the most commonly used antiseizure medications being valproate, levetiracetam, and carbamazepine. Adjunctive CNB treatment resulted in a reduced mean seizure frequency from 8.1 seizures (range: 4-20) per month to 3 seizures (range: 0-8) per month. At the final follow-up, the median CNB dose was 200 mg/day (range: 50-350). Among the patients, 24 (63.1%) achieved ≥ 50% seizure reduction, and eight (21%) remained seizure-free for at least 12 months. One in three patients experienced adverse events, which resolved in half of the subjects. The most frequent adverse events were dizziness, somnolence, and headache. The retention rate after completing the open-label extension phase was 100%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Long-term effectiveness, including ≥ 50% seizure reduction and a 100% retention rate, was sustained over 41 months of CNB treatment within the Expanded Access Programme. No new safety issues were identified. These results provide support for the potential long-term clinical benefits of cenobamate.

Plasma Treatment of PDMS for Microcontact Printing (µCP) of Lectins Decreases Silicone Transfer and Increases the Adhesion of Bladder Cancer Cells.

The present study investigates silicone transfer occurring during microcontact printing (µCP) of lectins with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps and its impact on the adhesion of cells. Static adhesion assays and single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) are used to compare adhesion of nonmalignant (HCV29) and cancer (HT1376) bladder cells, respectively, to high-affinity lectin layers (PHA-L and WGA, respectively) prepared by physical adsorption and µCP. The chemical composition of the µCP lectin patterns was monitored by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). We show that the amount of transferred silicone in the µCP process depends on the preprocessing of the PDMS stamps. It is revealed that silicone contamination within the patterned lectin layers inhibits the adhesion of bladder cells, and the work of adhesion is lower for µCP lectins than for drop-cast lectins. The binding capacity of microcontact printed lectins was larger when the PDMS stamps were treated with UV ozone plasma as compared to sonication in ethanol and deionized water. ToF-SIMS data show that ozone-based treatment of PDMS stamps used for µCP of lectin reduces the silicone contamination in the imprinting protocol regardless of stamp geometry (flat vs microstructured). The role of other possible contributors, such as the lectin conformation and organization of lectin layers, is also discussed.

Keep It Simple: Using README Files to Advance Standardization in Chronobiology.

Standardization plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability, reproducibility, and interoperability of research data in the biomedical sciences. Metadata standards are one foundation for the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles of data management. They facilitate data discovery, understanding, and reuse. However, the adoption of metadata standards in biological research lags in practice. Barriers such as complexity, lack of incentives, technical challenges, resource constraints, and resistance to change hinder widespread adoption. In the field of chronobiology, standardization is essential but faces particular challenges due to the longitudinal nature of experimental data, diverse model organisms, and varied measurement techniques. To address these challenges, we propose an approach that emphasizes simplicity and practicality: the development of README templates tailored for particular data types and species. Through this opinion article, our intention is to initiate a dialogue and commence a community-driven standardization process by engaging potential contributors and collaborators.

Heart failure with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved ejection fraction: outcomes and predictors of prognosis.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, a stratification of the heart failure (HF) phenotypes, which classifies HF into 3 subtypes based on ejection fraction, has been introduced. Before that, clinical trials and registries have been mainly devoted to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). As a result, data on long­term survival trends for individual HF phenotypes are scarce. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate survival according to the HF phenotype and to identify predictors of mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients hospitalized for HF in our referral center between January 2014 and May 2019 were included in the analysis. HF phenotyping was based on EF: reduced (HFrEF with EF <40%), mildly reduced (HFmrEF with EF = 40%-49%), and preserved (HFpEF with EF ≥50%). RESULTS: Of 2601 patients included in the study, 1608 individuals (62%) presented with HFrEF, 331 patients with HFmrEF (13%), and 662 patients with HFpEF (25%). The median follow­up was 2.43 years (interquartile range, 1.56-3.49). The risk of death was 61% higher in HFrEF than in HFpEF (P <0.001), while in HFmrEF and HFpEF it was similar. Survival rates at 1 and 5 years in HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF were 81%, 84%, 84%, and 47%, 61%, and 59%, respectively. The HF phenotypes differed in most of the parameters that affect prognosis. Only the use of inotropes, which was linked to an increased risk of death, and the use of angiotensin­converting enzyme inhibitors, which reduced this risk, were independent of the HF phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Survival in HFrEF is worse as compared with HFmrEF and HFpEF, where it is similar. The HF phenotypes differ in most of the parameters that affect survival.

Bladder Cancer Cells Interaction with Lectin-Coated Surfaces under Static and Flow Conditions.

Aberrant expression of glycans, i.e., oligosaccharide moiety covalently attached to proteins or lipids, is characteristic of various cancers, including urothelial ones. The binding of lectins to glycans is classified as molecular recognition, which makes lectins a strong tool for understanding their role in developing diseases. Here, we present a quantitative approach to tracing glycan-lectin interactions in cells, from the initial to the steady phase of adhesion. The cell adhesion was measured between urothelial cell lines (non-malignant HCV29 and carcinoma HT1376 and T24 cells) and lectin-coated surfaces. Depending on the timescale, single-cell force spectroscopy, and adhesion assays conducted in static and flow conditions were applied. The obtained results reveal that the adhesion of urothelial cells to two specific lectins, i.e., phytohemagglutinin-L and wheat germ agglutinin, was specific and selective. Thus, these lectins can be applied to selectively capture, identify, and differentiate between cancer types in a label-free manner. These results open up the possibility of designing lectin-based biosensors for diagnostic or prognostic purposes and developing strategies for drug delivery that could target cancer-associated glycans.

L-arginine and Its Derivatives Correlate with Exercise Capacity in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure.

Methylated arginine metabolites interrupt nitric oxide synthesis, which can result in endothelium dysfunction and inadequate vasodilation. Since little is known about the dynamics of arginine derivatives in patients with heart failure (HF) during physical exercise, we aimed to determine this as well as its impact on the patient outcomes. Fifty-one patients with HF (left ventricle ejection fraction-LVEF ≤ 35%, mean 21.7 ± 5.4%) underwent the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Plasma concentrations of L-arginine, citrulline, ornithine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were measured before and directly after CPET. All patients were followed for a mean of 23.5 ± 12.6 months. The combined endpoint was: any death, urgent heart transplantation, or urgent LVAD implantation. L-arginine concentrations increased significantly after CPET (p = 0.02), when ADMA (p = 0.01) and SDMA (p = 0.0005) decreased. The parameters of better exercise capacity were positively correlated with post-CPET concentration of L-arginine and inversely with post-CPET changes in ADMA, SDMA, and baseline and post-CPET SDMA concentrations. Baseline and post-CPET SDMA concentrations increased the risk of endpoint occurrence (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.009-1.03, p = 0.04 and HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p = 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, in patients with HF, extensive exercise is accompanied by changes in arginine derivatives that can reflect endothelium function. These observations may contribute to the explanation of the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in HF.

Immunoexpression of Bmi-1, CK15, Bcl-2 in different types of basal cell carcinomas.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) occurs in aggressive and non-aggressive forms. The expression of immunohistochemical markers varies in different types of BCC. Aim: Immunohistochemical analysis of selected proteins in BCCs. Material and methods: The immunohistochemical method was used to examine the immunoexpression of Bmi-1, CK15 and Bcl-2 in 56 cases of BCC divided into four groups. Results: Positive Bmi-1 staining 3-4+ level (nodular type) was seen in 91.3% of samples, 4+ (infiltrative) in 92.3%, 4+ (nodular/infiltrative) - 69.2%, 3+ - 30.8%, in BSC 3+ - 42.8%, and 28.6% each for 2+ and 4+. Low grade positivity (0-1+) in CK15 staining was present in 52.1% of nodular BCC, 46.2% - nodular/infiltrative, 92.3% - infiltrative, and 100% - BSC, but levels 2-3+ in nodular BCC in 47.8%, nodular/infiltrative BCC - 53.8%, infiltrative - 7.7%. Bcl-2 positivity (3-4+) was revealed in nodular BCC in 95.6%, (1-2+) in 100% of BSC, infiltrative and infiltrative/nodular BCC, but the lowest (0-1+) in 76.9% of nodular/infiltrative BCC, 71.4% of BSC, and in 38.4% of infiltrative BCC. Conclusions: Positive Bmi-1 staining was the highest in the aggressive infiltrative subtype of BCCs, whereas the lowest in basosquamous cell carcinomas (BSC). Infiltrative BCC was characterized by a lower level of CK15 expression than nodular BCC and nodular/infiltrative BCC. Differentiation of Bcl-2 expression depended on the type of tumour; the highest level was found in nodular BCC, low grade in nodular/infiltrative and infiltrative BCCs, and BSC.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in Scotland's wastewater.

Nationwide, wastewater-based monitoring was newly established in Scotland to track the levels of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA shed into the sewage network, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present a curated, reference dataset produced by this national programme, from May 2020 to February 2022. Viral levels were analysed by RT-qPCR assays of the N1 gene, on RNA extracted from wastewater sampled at 162 locations. Locations were sampled up to four times per week, typically once or twice per week, and in response to local needs. We report sampling site locations with geographical coordinates, the total population in the catchment for each site, and the information necessary for data normalisation, such as the incoming wastewater flow values and ammonia concentration, when these were available. The methodology for viral quantification and data analysis is briefly described, with links to detailed protocols online. These wastewater data are contributing to estimates of disease prevalence and the viral reproduction number (R) in Scotland and in the UK.

Changes in nanomechanical properties of single neuroblastoma cells as a model for oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD).

Although complex, the biological processes underlying ischemic stroke are better known than those related to biomechanical alterations of single cells. Mechanisms of biomechanical changes and their relations to the molecular processes are crucial for understanding the function and dysfunction of the brain. In our study, we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantify the alterations in biomechanical properties in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (RO). Obtained results reveal several characteristics. Cell viability remained at the same level, regardless of the OGD and RO conditions, but, in parallel, the metabolic activity of cells decreased with OGD duration. 24 h RO did not recover the metabolic activity fully. Cells subjected to OGD appeared softer than control cells. Cell softening was strongly present in cells after 1 h of OGD and with longer OGD duration, and in RO conditions, cells recovered their mechanical properties. Changes in the nanomechanical properties of cells were attributed to the remodelling of actin filaments, which was related to cofilin-based regulation and impaired metabolic activity of cells. The presented study shows the importance of nanomechanics in research on ischemic-related pathological processes such as stroke.

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with heart failure with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved ejection fraction.

INTRODUCTION: There is still little information regarding a detailed description and predictors of different subtypes of heart failure (HF) in the Polish population. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to characterize the differences between hospitalized patients with HF divided into HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; EF ≥50%), mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF; EF 40%-49%), and reduced EF (HFrEF; EF <40%), and to identify factors related to each HF subtype. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients from the hospital database whose hospitalization was coded as HF­related between 2014 and 2019 were included in the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2601 patients were included, of whom 62% had HFrEF, 13% had HFmrEF, and 25% had HFpEF. The patients with HFpEF, as compared with those with HFrEF and HFmrEF, were older (70.5 vs 61.6 vs 66.5 years, P <0.001), less often male (44% vs 68.3% vs 81.3%, P <0.001), and less likely to have an ischemic etiology of HF (19.3% vs 49.8% vs 34.4%, P <0.001) but they were more likely to have hypertension (87.3% vs 78.2% vs 78.2%, P <0.001), atrial fibrillation (64.5% vs 55.6% vs 59.5%, P <0.001), cancer (32.2% vs 19.6% vs 28.7%; P <0.001), and anemia (25.5% vs 15.9% vs 20.5%, P <0.001). Of 3 multivariable models, the one predicting HFpEF was the strongest (P <0.001, area under the curve, 0.79), and included age, sex, aortic stenosis, hypertension, anemia, cancer, thyroid abnormality, atrial fibrillation, longer history of HF, ischemic etiology, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and liver failure. CONCLUSIONS: HFrEF and HFpEF differed significantly in terms of baseline characteristics, while HFmrEF was in the middle of the HF spectrum, tending to be a mixture of HFpEF and HFrEF characteristics.

100 years of Thorek method - is this technique of breast reduction still actual?

In 1922, Max Thorek described the method of breast reduction with the transfer of the nipple-areola complex as free grafts. Initially, this method met with quite a lot of criticism. Therefore, the search for solutions guaranteeing better aesthetic results of breast reduction have been evolved.The aim of the study is to present our own experiences related to the Thorek method of breast reduction in patients with gigantomastia and to consider whether this technique is still relevant in the 21st century.The study included women operated on for large breasts at the Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic between 2012-2021. In the analysis 95 women aged 17 to 76 were involved.In the analyzed group of 95 women, 14 patients underwent breast reduction with transfer of the nipple-areola complex as a free graft (modified Thorek's method). In the remaining 81 cases, breast reduction was performed with the transfer of the nipple areola complex on the pedicle (upper-medial - 78, lower - 1, upper-lower - McKissock's method - 2).The usage of Thorek's method is still actual in a selected group of women. This technique seems to be the only safe one in patients with gigantomastia, with a high risk of nipple-areola complex necrosis related to the distance of nipple transfer, as well as after the end of the reproductive period. Its main disadvantages (tendency to breasts being too wide and flat, unpredictable nipple projection and nipple pigmentation) can be minimized by modification of the Thorek method or minimally invasive follow-up techniques.

Period Estimation and Rhythm Detection in Timeseries Data Using BioDare2, the Free, Online, Community Resource.

One of the key objectives of data analysis in circadian research is to quantify the rhythmic properties of the experimental data. BioDare2 is a free, online service which provides fast timeseries analysis, attractive visualizations, and data sharing. This chapter outlines the description of an experiment for BioDare2 and how to upload and analyze the numerical timeseries data.