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Understand the noise exposure level and influencing factors of small and micro-scale enterprises in Beijing, and support the formulation of noise prevention and control policies. Noise hazards in small- and micro-scale enterprises were monitored from May to December 2021 using a combination of questionnaire survey and on-site noise monitoring. The survey included questions on the basic characteristics of the enterprise, the situation of noise protection facilities, and protective equipment. We calculated the equivalent to the sound level of 8 h per day (LEX, 8h) or the equivalent of the sound level of 40 h per week (LEX,w) and the exceeding rate. Unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. We recruited 194 enterprises in our study, including 145 small- and 49 micro-scale enterprises. Overall, 9.9% of the noise points exceeded the Chinese national standard, which was 85 dB(A). The detected noise of micro-enterprises significantly (P < .001) exceeded that of small enterprises. This is the first study to examine noise hazards of small and micro-scale enterprises in Beijing in recent years. Our results showed noise hazard prevention in Beijing is grim. It is suggested that the government should strengthen supervision, allocate responsibility to the employer, and guide them to establish and improve the management system for controlling noise hazards, to effectively reduce its impact on the health of workers.
Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional , Saúde Ocupacional , Humanos , China , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Objective@#To investigate the application of Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) in Chinese nurses.@*Methods@#We performed a literature search for articles in Chinese on the mental health of nurses investigated using the SCL-90 that were published from January 2007 to December 2016. A total of 129 articles were included, involving 178 groups of valid samples as well as 36316 subjects in 27 provinces or cities in China. The metafor package of R 3.2.1 software and Excel were used for meta-analysis and data statistics.@*Results@#Heterogeneity was identified for the nine factors included in the literature data (Q test: P<0.05; I2 test >40%) , so a random effects model was used. For all factors except interpersonal relationship factor, the 95% confidence intervals of the pooled effect sizes did not include 0. For all factors except interpersonal relationship factor (Egger test: P<0.05) , no significant asymmetry or incompleteness appeared in the funnel plots. The fail-safe number of each factor was much larger than 5k+10. The merger scores and mean values of nine factors were higher than the national norm.@*Conclusion@#The SCL-90 is widely used in the study of mental status of Chinese nurses, but the SCL-90 norm for nurses is lacking.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female workers in a city and related occupational influencing factors.@*Methods@#From June to September, 2016, a cross-sectional survey was used to select 9 944 female workers from six districts of Beijing and then a face-to-face questionnaire survey was performed. Univariate analysis using chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors for reproductive system diseases.@*Results@#The age of 9944 female workers ranged from 18 to 65 years (mean 35.53±9.52 years) , and among them, 7 351 (73.92%) were married. The overall prevalence rate of reproductive system diseases among these 9944 female workers during the past three months was 28.29%, and the prevalence rates of hyperplasia of mammary glands, vaginitis, and hysteromyoma were 15.54%, 11.25%, and 6.77%, respectively. After adjustment for age, marital status, education level, and annual family income, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that frequent overtime work (odds ratio[OR]=1.119, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.070-1.343) , frequent night shifts (OR=1.198, 95%CI: 1.054-1.361) , standing for a long time (OR=1.197, 95%CI: 1.063-1.347) , sitting for a long time (OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.191-1.479) , heavy workload (OR=1.429, 95%CI: 1.262-1.615) , exposure to lead (OR=1.696, 95%CI: 1.307-2.201) , exposure to mercury (OR=1.452, 95%CI: 1.086-1.940) , and exposure to ionizing radiation (OR=1.679, 95%CI: 1.424-1.980) were associated with reproductive system diseases.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female workers in Beijing is not optimistic. Reproductive system diseases are associated with frequent overtime work, frequent night shifts, standing for a long time, sitting for a long time, heavy workload, and exposure to lead, mercury, and ionizing radiation.
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Objective@#To evaluate the mental health of female doctors and nurses.@*Methods@#Investigat the psychologic status of female doctors and nurses using symptom checklist 90. And statistical software was applied to analyze results of symptom checklist 90.@*Results@#There were differences in the score of SCL-90 between doctor and nurse groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Negative life events (OR=2.940) , relative suffer from mental illness (OR=3.683) , shift work (OR=1.611) and heavy workload (OR=2.265) were found to risk factors for the positive of SCL-90.@*Conclusion@#There were differences in the score of SCL-90 between doctor and nurse groups. Negative life events, relative suffer from mental illness, shift workand heavy workload are risk factors for SCL-90 positive of female doctors and nurses.
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Objective@#To investigate the status of abnormal menstruation in female nurses in a comprehensive hospital in Beijing, China and related influencing factors.@*Methods@#In July 2016, a cross-sectional survey was performed, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate the status of menstruation and occupation in female nurses in a comprehensive hospital in Beijing. The chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#A total of 892 female nurses were investigated, and among them, 485 experienced abnormal menstruation within the past three months, resulting in an abnormal menstruation rate of 54.37%. The female nurses who were exposed to harmful factors during work, negative life events, or high workload had a significantly higher abnormal menstruation rate than those who were not exposed to such factors (χ2=5.199, 16.186, and 10.227, P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Negative life events (odds ratio [OR]=1.813, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.317-2.496) and high workload (OR=1.461, 95%CI: 1.112-1.918) were risk factors for abnormal menstruation.@*Conclusion@#Nurses have an abnormal menstruation rate as high as 54.37%, and high workload and negative life events were risk factors for abnormal menstruation in nurses.
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Inhibition of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymerization could be observed when spin-coated over vinyl substrates. The degree of polymerization, partially curing or fully curing, depended on the PDMS thickness coated over the vinyl substrate. This characteristic was exploited to achieve simple and fast PDMS patterning method using a vinyl adhesive layer patterned through a cutting plotter. The proposed patterning method showed results resembling PDMS etching. Therefore, patterning PDMS over PDMS, glass, silicon, and gold substrates were tested to compare the results with conventional etching methods. Vinyl stencils with widths ranging from 200µm to 1500µm were used for the procedure. To evaluate the accuracy of the cutting plotter, stencil designed on the AutoCAD software and the actual stencil widths were compared. Furthermore, this method's accuracy was also evaluated by comparing the widths of the actual stencils and etched PDMS results.
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Dimetilpolisiloxanos/química , Adesivos , Vidro , Ouro , Cloreto de PolivinilaRESUMO
Objective@#To evaluate the mental health of occupational females in different industries.@*Methods@#We investigated the psychologic status of Chinese occupational females using symptom checklist 90. And statistical software was applied to analyze results of symptom checklist 90.@*Results@#There were 41, 166 effec-tive questionnaires. The number of positive questionnaires was 14 361, and the positive rate was 34.89%. The positive rate of obsessive-compulsive factor was 24.07%. The positive rate of somatization factor was 16.12%. The positive rate of depression was 15.50%. The median positive item number was 20 (IQR: 34) , and the median split of positive symptoms was 2.11 (IQR: 0.37) . There were differences in the positive rate of SCL-90 scale among different age groups, different regions and different industries, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The positive rate of SCL-90 for the occupational females was 34.89%. The top three factors of the high-est positive SCL-90 were obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatization and depression.@*Conclusion@#There were differences in the psychological status of occupational females for different regions, different ages and different occupations.
