[Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic]. / Faktory riska razvitiya rasseyannogo skleroza v Kabardino-Balkarskoi Respublike.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To study the features of the representation of risk factors for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic (KBR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of the examination and follow - up of patients with MS for 5 years (2012-2015) living in two regions of the CBD-Nalchik and the Prokhladnensky district-were analyzed. For the diagnosis of MS, the McDonald criteria (2010) were used, and the EDSS scale was used to assess the severity of invalidization. Registration of risk factors for the development of MS was carried out on the basis of a unified questionnaire. The diagnosis of MS was established based on the criteria of I. MacDonald (2017). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Contact with potentially dangerous chemical compounds, consumption of smoked meat products, and a history of viral infections were significantly more common in residents of the Prokhladnensky district (all differences were significant, p<0.05). Patients with MS were more likely to have suffered from scarlatina (n=23; 19.5% and n=14; 13.4%, 95% CI 0.43 (0.32-1.01), patients with scarlet fever after the age of 15 years (n=7; 6.3% and n=1; 0.9%, 95% CI 2.45 (1.92-3.21), p=0.041). Also, in the main group, patients with chickenpox were more common (n=70; 62.5% and n=55; 41.1%; 95% CI 0.78 (0.65-0.94, p=0.032), while the closest association of chickenpox and MS development occurred in patients of the main group who had the disease at the age of 7 years (p=0.041).

[Epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis in the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic].

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in two populations of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic (Nalchik and Prokhladnensky region) was studied. In Nalchik, the prevalence of MS was 13.0 cases per 100 000 in 2006 and 13.7 cases - in 2010. It was lower among Circassians (8.0) compared to Slavs (31.3). The 5-year morbidity was low (0.15 per 100 000 population). In 2010, the prevalence of MS in Nalchik was 34.3 per 100 000. In the rural Prokhladnensky region with mainly Slav population, the prevalence was 11.0 cases per 100 000 in 2006 and 19.8 (all patients were Slavs) - in 2010. The morbidity was 1.76 for the period analyzed. At the same time, the prevalence of MS in the Slav population in 2010 was lower by a factor of 1.73 in the rural region compared to Nalchik (19.8 and 34.3, respectively). The higher prevalence of MS in Nalchik may be explained by adverse environmental factors increasing the risk of MS. A case-control study revealed the higher risk for people under 15 years old living very close to chemical and biological plants.