[Disorder of vertebral metastasis]. / Metastatické onemocnení pátere.

The aim of this article is putting near problems of treatment vertebral metastasis to professional public. Because of improving of imagine methods the diagnosis of this disorder is early making and that is way patient benefit of early initiation of adequate therapy. Authors of this paper rate literary studies concerning of therapeutic methods for treatment of vertebral metastasis and comper to their group of patients.

[Problems due to workload after surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome]. / Problematika pracovní záteze po operacním resení syndromu karpálního tunelu.

The authors present a group of patients operated on account of the carpal tunnel syndrome in 1998-2000 at the Neurosurgical department in Pardubice. The group comprised 37 patients. 15 men and 22 women. The main objective of the retrospective investigation was to assess the period of work incapacity and asset of the operation from the aspect to proceed with the usual workload. The authors also tried to evaluate the effect of age, sex, occupation, preoperative clinical and electromyographic finding on the resulting effect of the operation. The period of work incapacity after one operation was 114 days. 84% patients returned to their original job. In 11% it was necessary to enlist in different work and a disability pension was granted to 5% patients. The discussion is focused on the period of work incapacity, enlistment in work, the effect of operation on the patients complaints and the objective finding as regards the lesion of fibres of the median nerve and also on the asset of EMG in the diagnosis and postoperative follow up.

[Repair of traumatic lesions in peripheral nerves--initial experience with laser anastomosis]. / Soucasný stav a perspektivy reparace traumatických lézí periferních nervu--první zkusenosti s laserovou anastomózou.

Experience with conventional repair of peripheral nerves clearly indicates that there is still room for improvement, mainly in so far as functional results are concerned. It appears that the present microtechnique has reached its limitation given by physical and technological means, materials and methodology. The use of CO2 laser was tried on rat sciatic nerve. An equal number of nerves were severed surgically and sutured, using microsuture technique in one group and the same number of nerves were repaired using the CO2 laser technique. For the setting of the parameters, optimal for our purpose of reuniting the tissues, we have utilised morphological and electrophysiological qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The results were assessed by comparing both functionally and morphologically, the functional comparison being made electrophysiologically and the morphological comparison microscopically and morphometrically. The comparison shows a larger degree of scarring and constriction of the nerves anastomosed by classical microsuture than that of the laser technique. Action potentials going through the anastomosis have been noticed in both groups without significant difference in quality of CMAP, with the exception the latency.

[Repair of traumatic lesions in peripheral nerves--introduction]. / Soucasný stav a perspektivy reparace traumatických lézí periferních nervu--úvod do problematiky.

The reconstruction of traumatic lesions of peripheral nerves (PN) underwent the most significant improvement with the introduction of operating microscopes, microsurgical techniques and pertinent instruments, including microsutures. New information with respect to the pathophysiology of the degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves on a subcellular level also helped in the delineation of the rules and timing of optimal conditions for suturing. The present microtechnique seems to have reached its plateau with regard to capacity of available materials, technology and methodology. Despite this progress there is room for further improvement as addressed in this presentation. In this part of our work we would like to present a survey and analysis of the necessary theoretical knowledge of the basis of degeneration of a traumatized peripheral nerve at the level of molecular changes, as well as to indicate new technologies and materials. A detailed comparison of the classical method (microsuture) with the new technology (laser) has so far failed to demonstrate any significant difference. Therefore it appears necessary, when seeking advantages of the new methodology, to examine its application and not its quality, which will be the subject of the second part our work.

Application of epirubicin containing albumin microspheres in the experimental therapy of breast cancer.

In the experiment we attempted to use albumin microspheres as carriers of cytostatics to acquire a higher drug concentration in the tumor for a longer time. It was expected that the efficiency of a treatment with a microsphere-entrapped epirubicin would be better than a treatment with microsphere-free drug. Albumin microspheres containing epirubicin were prepared by ultrasonic homogenization in oil and heat denaturation. In vitro experiments and the test for biological activity on human breast carcinoma cells implanted into Nu/Nu mice were carried out. Growth of tumors in the group of mice treated with microsphere-entrapped epirubicin was inhibited more effectively in comparison with growth of tumors in the group treated with microsphere-free drug. These results suggest that the change of the drug form can enhance antitumor effect of epirubicin and that albumin microspheres are suitable drug carriers.