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Objective: Technique description and verification of L5 pars interarticularis (L5PI) using diagnostic ultrasound (DUS). Methods: Asymptomatic 10-year-old male subject was scanned with diagnostic ultrasound applying a linear array transducer (8-13 MHz) over L5/S1 facets; long-axis slide cephalad to capture both superior (SAP) and inferior articulating process (IAP) of L5. Contiguous hyperechoic cortex with deep acoustic shadowing between the SAP and IAP was assumed to be L5PI. To confirm in vivo technique representing L5PI, two spine models (plastic, human spine) were scanned to verify authors' assumption. Metallic paperclip was placed over L5PI then DUS image captured. Lastly, a subject with known spondylolysis was imaged and sonographic appearance of L5PI compared. Results: The structures localized with the metal paperclip on L5PI models were equivalent to the in vivo DUS image. Spondylolysis demonstrates an abrupt step-off defect at L5PI. Conclusion: We report the first technique description and verification of the L5PI using DUS.
L'évaluation échographique de la spondylolyse: une description de la technique et une étude de faisabilité de l'échographie diagnostique pour la détection des fractures de l'isthme interarticulaire de la L5. Objectifs: La description de la technique et la vérification de l'isthme interarticulaire de la L5 (IIL5) à l'aide d'ultrasons diagnostiques (USD). Méthodes: Un sujet masculin asymptomatique âgé de 10 ans a été scanné à l'aide d'une échographie diagnostique utilisant un transducteur linéaire (813 MHz) sur les facettes de la L5/S1; un glissement en direction céphalique sur grand axe pour capturer le processus d'articulation supérieur (PAS) et inférieur (PAI) de la L5. Le cortex hyperéchogène contigu avec ombrage acoustique profond entre le PAS et le PAI a été supposé être de l'IIL5. Afin de confirmer la technique in vivo représentant l'indice de l'IIL5, deux modèles de colonne vertébrale (plastique, colonne vertébrale humaine) ont été scannés pour vérifier l'hypothèse des auteurs. Un trombone métallique a été placé sur l'IIL5 puis une image d'USD a été prise. Enfin, un sujet présentant une spondylolyse connue a été imagé et l'aspect échographique de l'IIL5 a été comparé. Résultats: Les structures localisées avec le trombone métallique sur les modèles de l'IIL5 étaient équivalentes à l'image d'USD in vivo. La spondylolyse montre un défaut abrupt de décrochage à l'IIL5. Conclusion: Nous rapportons la première description technique et la vérification de l'IIL5 à l'aide d'USD.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Technology-enhanced learning is on the rise within healthcare education. This pilot study evaluated the relationship between the use of online review videos and students' performance and satisfaction in gross anatomy. METHODS: For this quasi-experimental study, we developed a series of online gross anatomy review videos, and surveyed students enrolled in a doctor of chiropractic program regarding use of the videos and their attitudes towards using the videos. Ordinal regression was used to evaluate the relationship between students' video use and course performance and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine whether there was a difference in course performance between students who did and did not report using the review videos. RESULTS: We received 143 responses to our survey, resulting in a 73.3% response rate. Most students (71%) had engaged with the online review videos. No significant differences in course performance were detected between students who did and did not report using the videos. Many students (82%) reported the review videos as being "helpful" and 73% perceived them as "an enjoyable way to study." CONCLUSION: While chiropractic students perceived a series of online gross anatomy review videos as being an enjoyable and helpful way to study, engagement with this form of technology-enhanced learning did not have an impact on their overall gross anatomy course performance.