RESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is debated whether iso-osmolar and low-osmolar contrast media are associated with different incidences of contrast medium-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with renal insufficiency. OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of CIN in children undergoing contrast-enhanced multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) with intravenous injection of low-osmolar (iobitridol, Xenetix® 300) or an iso-osmolar (iodixanol, Visipaque® 270) iodinated contrast medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-six children with normal renal function were included in this multicenter trial and underwent contrast-enhanced MDCT. The primary endpoint was the relative change in creatinine clearance from 48 h pre- to 72 h postcontrast medium administration using a noninferiority analysis in the intent-to-treat (ITT, n = 128) and per protocol (n = 68) populations. Secondary endpoints were incidence of CIN, global image quality, diagnostic efficacy and clinical safety. RESULTS: In the ITT population, the noninferiority of iobitridol over iodixanol was demonstrated. CIN incidence was 4.8% (three cases) with iobitridol and 10.6% (seven cases) with iodixanol (not significant). No statistically significant differences were observed for the secondary endpoints. CONCLUSION: Comparable satisfactory safety profiles were confirmed for both contrast media, with no significant difference in the incidence of CIN in children with normal renal function.
Assuntos
Meios de Contraste/normas , Iohexol/análogos & derivados , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Ácidos Tri-Iodobenzoicos/normas , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Meios de Contraste/farmacologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Iohexol/efeitos adversos , Iohexol/farmacologia , Iohexol/normas , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/complicações , Nefropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Ácidos Tri-Iodobenzoicos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Tri-Iodobenzoicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Urethral carcinoma is a rare tumour. The authors report the first three cases diagnosed in black African woman. The diagnosis is difficult but can be much more seen if frequently through of. Urethral smear for cytology and histology are essentials elements in the diagnosis. Surgical treatment of this tumour is cheap and quite accessible, hence the need for early diagnosis. The prognosis is poor even with combined surgical and radiotherapy.
