Recurrent borderline phyllodes tumor of the breast submitted to mastectomy and immediate reconstruction: Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Phyllodes tumors are biphasic fibroepithelial tumors that account for fewer than 1% of mammary tumors. They usually appear in middle-aged women, with an average size of 4-7 cm and rapid growth. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 25-year-old woman sought care after excision of recurrent nodules in the right breast, with a diagnosis of borderline phyllodes tumor. She had no new lesions on physical examination. Imaging studies revealed an anechoic collection and nodular areas in a previous surgical site, correlated with pathology. Immuno-histochemical examination was positive for vimentin, calponin, Ki-67 and estrogen receptor. Systemic staging did not show metastases. Skin-reducing mastectomy was performed on the right side, followed by reconstruction and left reduction mammaplasty for symmetry. At 8-month follow-up, there was no relapse of the lesions on clinical and ultrasonographic examinations. DISCUSSION: Phyllodes tumors are rare neoplasms characterized by rapid growth, occurring in women between 35-55 years of age. They are classified as benign, borderline and malignant, according to histological parameters. There are reports of genetic mutations in TP53 associated with malignant phyllodes tumor. On immunohistochemistry, there is a greater tendency to malignancy in tumors with Ki-67 and estrogen receptor expression. Imaging methods may aid in diagnosis, which is only definitive after excision and histopathological analysis of the tumor. These tumors have high local recurrence rates and possibility of metastases, closely related to histology. CONCLUSION: Phyllodes tumors are a great challenge to the surgeon. Treatment is surgical, with wide excision; radiotherapy and chemotherapy are controversial.

Treatment of bilateral ovarian dysgerminoma with 11-year follow-up: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) are rare malignancies with an incidence of about 0.5/100,000. They account for less than 5% of all ovarian tumors, of which 32.8% are dysgerminomas, the female analogue of seminomas. These tumors occur in all age groups, with peak incidence below the age of 20 years in women. AIM: To describe the case of a bilateral ovarian dysgerminoma treatment with 11-year follow-up. METHODS: Case report with details regarding clinical history, surgical treatment, chemotherapy and follow up. We include a brief literature review. RESULTS: The patient underwent radical surgery for an advanced dysgerminoma, 20 cm in length, that compromised the contralateral ovary and sigmoid. Neoplastic cells were found in ascitic fluid. Subsequently, she underwent adjuvant chemotherapy according to a standard protocol. She has survived disease-free for more than 11 years. CONCLUSIONS: Dysgerminoma is a malignant neoplasm that, similar to other cancers, is easier to treat when diagnosed early. However, cures may be obtained even in advanced cases.

Krukenberg's tumour unilateral giant metachronous of colonic origin - Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Krukenberg tumour (KT) is defined by the World Health Organization as a metastatic ovary carcinoma, usually of gastric origin. The term has also been applied to metastatic tumors originating from adenocarcinomas of other sites, such as the colon. After radical resection of colorectal carcinoma, metachronous ovarian metastases can occur in 1.1% of cases. Due to their rarity and rapid progression, KTs needs a high level of suspicion. Here we present an atypical case of KT and highlight the importance of the timely recognition of this disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A 57-year-old patient presented a 30-cm metastatic ovarian tumor on the major axis, whose primary tumor was a resected sigmoid adenocarcinoma 6 years ago. She was submitted to complete resection of the tumor, whose anatomopathological and immunohistochemical analysis proved the colonic metastatic origin. DISCUSSION: Besides being unusual, this disease is most commonly bilateral, premenopausal, and synchronous with the primary tumor. Unlike the common behavior, the case described is unilateral, postmenopausal, and metachronous, with a 6-year interval between the primary colonic tumor and the dissemination of ovarian metastasis. CONCLUSION: KT is an uncommon and poor prognosis disease, whose chance of better therapeutic results depends on accurate diagnosis and proper management.

Atypical fibroxanthoma†.

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare skin neoplasm of low-grade malignancy and fibroblastic origin. AFX is a curable cutaneous disease and the diagnosis depends on knowledge of its clinical and histological features and combined immunohistochemistry markers. This study presents a case of a male patient, aged 90 years, presented with painless skin lesion in his ear. The lesion had been growing progressively for 2 months, measured ∼1.5 cm, ulcerated, fixed and firm. After a biopsy, the patient underwent a complete resection with adequate surgical margins and showed favorable evolution without complications or recurrence. The histopathological evaluation showed a poorly circumscribed ulcerated dermal nodule, mesenchymal proliferation, with pleomorphic spindle cells. There was infiltration of the deep dermis and subcutis, showing malignant features, but there was no invasion of cartilage. The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of AFX.

Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory illness and to identify associated factors among children less than five years of age in the city of Rio Grande, southern Brazil. Using a cross-sectional survey, a standardized household questionnaire was applied to mothers or guardians. Information was collected on household conditions, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking. Prenatal care attendance, nutritional status, breastfeeding pattern, and use of health services for the children were also investigated. Data analysis was based on prevalence ratios and logistic regression, using a conceptual framework. Among 771 children studied, 23.9% presented acute lower respiratory illness. The main risk factors were previous episodes of acute lower respiratory infection or wheezing, crowding, maternal schooling less than five years, monthly family income less than US$ 200, four or more people per room, asthma in family members, and maternal smoking. Mothers 30 years or older were identified as a protective factor. These results can help define specific measures to reduce morbidity and mortality due to acute lower respiratory illness in this setting.

Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors / Doença respiratória aguda baixa em menores de cinco anos em Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: prevalência e fatores de risco

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory illness and to identify associated factors among children less than five years of age in the city of Rio Grande, southern Brazil. Using a cross-sectional survey, a standardized household questionnaire was applied to mothers or guardians. Information was collected on household conditions, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking. Prenatal care attendance, nutritional status, breastfeeding pattern, and use of health services for the children were also investigated. Data analysis was based on prevalence ratios and logistic regression, using a conceptual framework. Among 771 children studied, 23.9 percent presented acute lower respiratory illness. The main risk factors were previous episodes of acute lower respiratory infection or wheezing, crowding, maternal schooling less than five years, monthly family income less than US$ 200, four or more people per room, asthma in family members, and maternal smoking. Mothers 30 years or older were identified as a protective factor. These results can help define specific measures to reduce morbidity and mortality due to acute lower respiratory illness in this setting.

Este estudo teve por objetivo determinar a prevalência de doenças respiratórias agudas baixas e identificar fatores associados à sua ocorrência entre crianças menores de cinco anos de idade em Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Realizou-se estudo transversal de base populacional com aplicação de questionário em nível domiciliar às mães ou responsáveis pelas crianças. Foram coletadas informações sobre características sócio-econômicas, condições de habitação da família e tabagismo dos pais; sobre as crianças, investigou-se padrão de amamentação e dieta, estado nutricional, assistência à gestação e ao parto e utilização de serviços de saúde. A análise incluiu cálculo das razões de prevalência e regressão logística conforme modelo hierárquico previamente estabelecido. Dentre as 771 crianças estudadas, 23,9 por cento apresentavam doenças respiratórias agudas baixas. Os principais fatores de risco identificados foram antecedente de infecção respiratória, sibilância anterior, aglomeração, escolaridade materna menor que cinco anos, renda familiar menor que dois salários mínimos mensais, quatro ou mais pessoas no quarto da criança, história de asma na família e tabagismo materno. Idade materna igual ou superior a trinta anos mostrou-se protetor. Esses resultados podem contribuir para estabelecer medidas específicas visando a reduzir a morbimortalidade por doenças respiratórias agudas baixas nessa população.

[Respiratory illnesses in children younger than 5 years of age in southern Brazil: the influence of the home environment]. / Doença respiratória em menores de 5 anos no sul do Brasil: influência do ambiente doméstico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory tract infections and the risk factors associated with living conditions among children up to 5 years of age in the city of Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 775 children. A standardized questionnaire was administered to the mother or other caregiver at the child's home in order to collect information on housing conditions, socioeconomic status, and smoking in the home. Additional variables examined included nutritional status, duration of breast-feeding, prenatal care, and utilization of health care services. Environmental variables were analyzed individually and were also grouped together in an "environmental score" that encompassed 10 variables: type of house construction, type of floor, home heating system, type of stove, dog in the child's room, dog in the house, cat in the child's room, cat in the house, number of people per room, and maternal smoking. The grouped environmental score ranged from 0 (best) to 10 (worst). The analysis included two stages: a bivariate stage, in which the prevalence ratio was calculated for each risk factor, and a multivariate stage, with logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of acute lower respiratory tract infections was 23.9%. The main risk factors identified were: environmental score >/= 3 points, maternal schooling < 5 years, monthly family income < US$ 200, four or more people sharing the child's bedroom, and maternal smoking. Maternal age > or = 30 years was found to protect against the development of respiratory illness. CONCLUSIONS: Specific programs need to be implemented to control acute respiratory illnesses in the population studied. In future studies with this population, the environmental score that we developed could be used in place of the complete set of environmental variables that we tested. This environmental score should be applied in other contexts so as to determine its external validity.

Doença respiratória em menores de 5 anos no sul do Brasil: influência do ambiente doméstico / Respiratory illnesses in children younger than 5 years of age in southern Brazil: the influence of the home environment

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a prevalência de doenças agudas do trato respiratório inferior e os fatores de risco relacionados às condiçöes de moradia em crianças de 0 a 59 meses na Cidade do Rio Grande, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional com 775 crianças. Foram aplicados questionários padronizados às mäes ou responsáveis pelas crianças, em seus domicílios, e coletadas informaçöes sobre condiçöes de habitaçäo, nível socioeconômico e tabagismo. Também foram investigados: o estado nutricional, a duraçäo da amamentaçäo, o atendimento pré-natal e a utilizaçäo dos serviços de saúde. As variáveis ambientais foram analisadas individualmente e em conjunto, em um escore ambiental que englobou 10 variáveis - tipo de construçäo, tipo de piso, aquecimento doméstico, tipo de fogäo, cäo no quarto da criança, cäo dentro de casa, gato no quarto da criança, gato dentro de casa, aglomeraçäo e fumo materno - variando de 0 (melhor) a 10 (pior). A análise incluiu duas etapas: bivariada, com o cálculo da razäo de prevalências de cada um dos fatores de risco, e multivariada, através de regressäo logística. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de doença respiratória aguda baixa foi de 23,9 por cento. Os principais fatores de risco identificados foram: escore ambiental > 3 pontos, menos de 5 anos de escolaridade materna, renda familiar mensal menor do que US$ 200,00, quatro ou mais pessoas dividindo o quarto da criança e tabagismo materno. A idade materna > 30 anos foi identificada como fator de proteçäo. CONCLUSÖES: É preciso implementar programas específicos de controle para as doenças respiratórias agudas na populaçäo estudada. O escore ambiental desenvolvido pode substituir as variáveis ambientais testadas, devendo ser aplicado em outros contextos para determinar a sua validade externa