Combined treatment with silver graphene quantum dot, radiation, and 17-AAG induces anticancer effects in breast cancer cells.

We aimed to investigate the possible anticancer effects of radiation in combination with 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin (17-AAG) and silver graphene quantum dot (SQD) in breast cancer (BC) cells. MCF-7 BC cells treated with, or without, different concentrations of 17-AAG and synthesized SQD and cellular viability detected. The growth inhibitory effects of low concentrations of 17-AAG with minimally toxic concentration of SQD in combination with 2 Gy of X-ray radiation were examined. The apoptosis induction assessed by acridine orange/ethedium bromide staining. Likewise, the levels of lactate, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated. The relative gene expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio was determined. Moreover, the protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was assessed by western blot analysis. Treatment with low concentrations of 17-AAG and SQD at a minimally toxic concentration promoted inhibition of BC cell growth and induced apoptosis. In addition, significant reduction in cell viability was seen in triple combination versus all double and single treatments. Indeed 17-AAG and SQD in combined with radiation significantly increased the H2 O2 and NO versus single and double treated cases. In addition, triple combination treatment showed decreased lactate level in compared tomonotherapies. EGFR protein expression levels were found to decreased in all double and triple combined cases versus single treatments. Additionally, in double and triple treatments, Bax/Bcl2 ratio were higher in compared to single treatments. Treatment with low concentrations of 17-AAG and SQD at a minimally toxic concentration tends to induce anticancer effects and increase the radiation effects when applied with 2 Gy of radiation versus radiation monotherapy.

The Assessment of Toxicity Characteristics of Cellular Uptake of Paramagnetic Nanoparticles as a New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent.

Nanoparticles are unique that enable many promising medical and technological applications in their physical, and chemical properties. It is widely accepted that nanoparticles should be thoroughly tested for health nanotoxicity, but a moderate risk analysis is currently prevented by a revealing absence of mechanistic knowledge of nanoparticle toxicity. The purpose of this study was to assess in-vitro cytotoxicity of Gadolinium oxide with diethylene glycol polymer (Gd2O3-DEG) and magneto liposome nanoparticles (MLNs) in Hepa 1-6 cell lines as models to assess nanotoxicity in-vitro. The effects of magnetic nanoparticles on these cell lines were evaluated by light microscopy and standard cytotoxicity assays. The underlying interactions of these nanoparticles with physiological fluids are key characteristics of the perception of their biological efficacy, and these interactions can perhaps be performed to relieve unpleasant toxic effects. Our results demonstrated that the Gd2O3-DEG and MLNs had significantlydifferent non-cytotoxic effects. Our results suggest that these cell lines provide valuable models to assess the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in-vitro. The results of the present study demonstrated that MLNs and Gd2O3-DEG with lower longitudinal relaxation time (T1) than Gadolinium Pentetic acid (Gd-DTPA) in Hepa 1-6 cell lines are sensitive positive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents that could be as attractive as candidates for cellular and molecular lipid content targets such as liver diagnostic applications. These data reveal that MLNs is a useful positive contrast agent for targeting and cell tracking. This will help to image of cells and special organs like liver that uptakes liposomal formulation very well.

Synthesis route and three different core-shell impacts on magnetic characterization of gadolinium oxide-based nanoparticles as new contrast agents for molecular magnetic resonance imaging.

Despite its good resolution, magnetic resonance imaging intrinsically has low sensitivity. Recently, contrast agent nanoparticles have been used as sensitivity and contrast enhancer. The aim of this study was to investigate a new controlled synthesis method for gadolinium oxide-based nanoparticle preparation. For this purpose, diethyleneglycol coating of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3-DEG) was performed using new supervised polyol route, and small particulate gadolinium oxide (SPGO) PEGylation was obtained with methoxy-polyethylene-glycol-silane (550 and 2,000 Da) coatings as SPGO-mPEG-silane550 and 2,000, respectively. Physicochemical characterization and magnetic properties of these three contrast agents in comparison with conventional Gd-DTPA were verified by dynamic light scattering transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and the signal intensity and relaxivity measurements were performed using 1.5-T MRI scanner.As a result, the nanoparticle sizes of Gd2O3-DEG, SPGO-mPEG-silane550, and SPGO-mPEG-silane2000 could be reached to 5.9, 51.3, 194.2 nm, respectively. The image signal intensity and longitudinal (r1) and transverse relaxivity (r2) measurements in different concentrations (0.3 to approximately 2.5 mM), revealed the r2/r1 ratios of 1.13, 0.89, 33.34, and 33.72 for Gd-DTPA, Gd2O3-DEG, SPGO-mPEG-silane550, and SPGO-mPEG-silane2000, respectively.The achievement of new synthesis route of Gd2O3-DEG resulted in lower r2/r1 ratio for Gd2O3-DEG than Gd-DTPA and other previous synthesized methods by this and other groups. The smaller r2/r1 ratios of two PEGylated-SPGO contrast agents in our study in comparison with r2/r1 ratio of previous PEGylation (r2/r1 = 81.9 for mPEG-silane 6,000 MW) showed that these new three introduced contrast agents could potentially be proper contrast enhancers for cellular and molecular MR imaging.