Incidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: is completion surgery required?

BACKGROUND: The indications for completion surgery in patients with thyroid papillary microcarcinoma (PMC), incidentally found in thyroids removed for benign conditions, remains a subject of debate. METHODS: In a retrospective, transversal, cohort study of 187 incidental PMCs, found during histological examination of the thyroid gland in 2168 patients operated for benign thyroid conditions, we evaluated the influence of initial and completion surgery on pathological features associated to local recurrence and cancer-related mortality. RESULTS: In the patients with almost total or total thyroidectomy at the first operation, lymphadenectomy of lymph nodes with features suggestive of malignancy on postoperative ultrasound resulted in a statistically significant (p 0.01) increase of node positive patients in pathological examination. Completion surgery in 38 out of 42 patients who underwent less than a total thyroidectomy doesn't result in a significant increase of tumor size, number, multifocality, bilaterality, invasion or nodal metastases. There were no significant differences in postoperative complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with less than total thyroidectomy and incidentally found PMC in resection specimens, 1-5 mm in greatest dimension and without extrathyroidal extension, completion surgery was not followed by a significant increase of pathological features associated to cancer related morbidity and mortality.

[Difficulties in reading the optotype]. / Consideratii asupra unor dificultati de citire a optotipului.

The paper presents in its first part the actual knowledge about the literal paralexias taking into consideration that the main method to examine the visual acuity includes the literal gnosia that has a symbolic character. The literal paralexias represents a normal cerebral phenomenon at the limit of the visual acuity. The typology of the paralexias is being studied by the morphological entiry of the letter and by the degree of being aware of them. After these methods we can divide the subjects in 3 types. We conclude the utility of the construction of some charts containing letters at which we should take into consideration the degree of the morphological entiry of the letters as well as the suggestion of creating charts containing letters could be left out letters with double similitude: morphological and semiotic.