Cancer stem cell markers in glioblastoma - an update.

The glioblastoma includes brain tumors, which are very aggressive in nature and are among the most common brain tumors in adults. Latest therapeutic avenues involve combination approach. However, the observed median survival is still no more than 15 months. Moreover, there is a scarcity of accurate pre-clinical model systems, which in turn resulted in limited treatment options for this disease. Cancer stem cells are attractive avenues in anticancer research against glioblastoma. Most of the recent studies are focused towards the identification of novel markers for cancer stem cells. The present review article is focused on two important markers in current research viz. Prominin-1 and NPM1 in glioblastoma.

Vena-venous hemofiltration in treating severe injury-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Severe multiple injury (SMI) can induce multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and easily result in complications, as well as having a high mortality rate. To explore the curative effect of continuous vena-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in treating MODS and its effect on serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interleukin (IL)-10 and nitric oxide (NO), we selected 200 patients who suffered from SMI and received treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between April 2012 and April 2014 as research subjects. All patients were treated with CVVH. Vital signs, blood oxygen pressure (PaO(2)) and oxygenation index (OI) of artery, electrolyte and acid-base balance were observed before and after treatment. Before treatment, 1 h and 12 h after the start of treatment, and at the end of treatment, TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations in serum and ultrafiltrate were tested using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and NO concentration in serum and ultrafiltrate was detected using nitrate reduction method. After treatment, heart rate and respiratory rate of patients had significant decline (P less than 0.05) and average arterial pressure rose remarkably (P less than 0.05); blood urea nitrogen and creatinine decreased (P less than 0.05 or 0.01); PaO(2) and OI were both significantly increased (P less than 0.01); hyperkalemia and acidosis were effectively corrected (P less than 0.01); but differences of Na+, Ca2+ and Cl- before and after treatment had no statistical significance (P>0.05). Serum IL-10 concentration had a significant increase after treatment, while TNF-α and NO concentrations had a significant decline after treatment. A small quantity of IL-10, but not of TNF-α, was detected from ultrafiltrate. Concentration of NO in ultrafiltrate was higher. It can be concluded that CVVH can effectively relieve clinical symptoms of MODS patients, improve function of organs, correct electrolyte disturbance and acid-base imbalance and eliminate TNF-α and NO in serum, which is effective in improving the ratio of successful rescue of patients developing MODS.

MiR-324-5p inhibits proliferation of glioma by target regulation of GLI1.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of the miR-324-5p on the glioma cells proliferation via the targeted regulation of the glioma-associated oncogene 1. METHODS: The luciferase reporter gene was used to test whether the glioma-associated oncogene 1 was the target of the miR-324-5p microRNA. The glioma-associated oncogene 1 expression was detected by Western blot. The proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The glioma-associated oncogene 1 is a target of the miR-324-5p. An over-expressed miR-324-5p could reduce the cell survival rate and increase the G1/G0 phase rate in the glioma cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: The miR-324-5p can inhibit proliferation of the glioma cells via the targeted regulation of the glioma-associated oncogene 1.