[Mechanisms of age-related changes in the morphology of the pulp system of the first lower molars]. / Mekhanizmy vozrastnykh izmenenii morfologii sistemy pul'py pervykh nizhnikh molyarov.

OBJECTIVE: To study the coupling of age-related systemic changes in inflammation-mediated apoptosis with the features of the anatomy of the pulp system of the first mandibular molars in patients with chronic pulpitis and periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 55 patients of both sexes from 18 to 75 years of age in three age groups - young (18-44 years) (n=17), middle (45-59 years) (n=18), elderly (60-74 years) (n=20) with indications for endodontic treatment. Diagnostic measures were supplemented with New Tom 3G cone-beam tomography. The concentration of anitapoptotic protein Bcl-XL and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) was determined in the blood, and the level of the nuclear transcription factor NF-KB subunit p65 was determined in the lysates of mononuclear cells. RESULTS: As a result of the analysis of the sections, significant obliteration of the pulp was revealed throughout and an increase in the frequency of occurrence of slit-shaped channels in the distal root of the first molar of the mandible in elderly patients. CONCLUSION: The pathogenetic factors leading to a change in the morphology of the pulp system include old age and an imbalance in the system of anti-inflammatory cytokine transcription mechanisms, which contributes to increased apoptosis and the protracted nature of inflammation.

[Diagnostic value of biomarkers of bone metabolism in the gingival fluid in inflammatory-destructive and tumor oral pathology]. / Informativnost' otsenki biomarkerov kostnogo metabolizma v desnevoi zhidkosti pri vospalitel'no-destruktivnoi i opukholevoi patologii v polosti rta.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the work was to determine the informativeness of the assessment of biochemical markers in the gingival fluid with destructive bone changes in the peri-implantation area, primary tumor lesion of the alveolar processes of the jaws and metastatic destruction of the jaw bone tissue in cancer of the large salivary glands. The study included 51 patients aged 30 to 75 years of both sexes. Depending on the genesis of destruction of the bone tissue of the lower jaw, three groups of patients were identified. Group 1 - 20 patients with peri-implantitis. Group 2 - 22 patients diagnosed with cancer of the oral floor mucosa (ICD C04) with erosion of the cortical bone or dental socket by a primary tumor. Group 3 - 9 patients with adenocarcinoma of the large salivary glands with metastatic lesions of the lower jaw. 15 people were practically healthy persons without periodontal pathology. The test material was gingival fluid or exudate from peri-implantation pockets. The content of cathepsin K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TAP) was determined by the enzyme immunoassay, and the bone fraction of alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was determined by the kinetic method. RESULTS: As a result, it was found that in group 1 in the exudate of the peri-implantation sulcus, the content of cathepsin K increased in comparison with the control by 2.5 times (p<0.05), TAP by 1.6 times (p<0.05). in groups 1 and 2, there was a moderate increase in the production of activated osteoblasts of KAP. In cancer of the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth, a tenfold increase in the concentration of cathepsin K and TAP in the gingival fluid was observed. With metastatic lesions of the jaw in patients with adenocarcinoma of the large salivary glands, along with a multiple increase in the concentration of cathepsin K and TAP in the gingival fluid, there was a twenty-fold increase in the bone formation marker BAP, which indicated a mixed type of metastases and was a differential diagnostic criterion for metastatic lesion of bone tissue in comparison with the primary metastatic lesion of bone tissue. CONCLUSION: Thus, biochemical markers are sensitive indicators of remodeling of bone tissue both in local inflammatory and destructive processes in peri-implantitis and in primary and metastatic tumor lesions of the jaws.

[Diagnostic possibilities of laboratory assessment of cathepsin K activity in gingival and peri-implant fluid under normal conditions and periimplantitis]. / Diagnosticheskie vozmozhnosti laboratornoi otsenki aktivnosti katepsina K v desnevoi i periimplantatsionnoi zhidkosti v norme i pri periimplantite.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the work was to develop a non-invasive laboratory method for local control of the severity of osteo-destructive processes in the bone tissue of the jaws after dental implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 75 individuals aged 18 to 65. The main group included 40 patients with a diagnosis of dental periimplantitis (ICD K 10.2). A comparison group (n=20) included patients after dental implantation without postoperative complications. The control group (n=25) consisted of individuals without dental pathology. Cathepsin K (CTSK) (Human) ELISA Kit (Cloud-Clone Corp., USA) was used to determine the concentration of cathepsin K by the enzyme immunoassay in the gingival or peri-implant fluid. RESULTS: The concentration of cathepsin K in the gingival fluid in the patients of the control group was 1.7±0.3 pmol/l, in the comparison group the concentration of the studied biomarker corresponded to 2.3±0.4 pmol/l. In the main group, the concentration of cathepsin K in the exudate of peri-implantation pockets increased 2.8 times (p<0.05) and corresponded to 4.9±0.5 pmol/l. The concentration of cathepsin K in the gingival fluid normally did not depend on age and gender, which increased the independence of the osteomarker for characterizing the osteoresorbent process in the peri-implantation area. After dental implantation, an excess of cathepsin K concentration above the level of 2.7 pmol/l with a diagnostic sensitivity of 82.5% and a specificity of 83.7% suggests a high risk of developing peri-implantitis. CONCLUSION: The concentration of cathepsin K may be seen as valuable marker for local inflammatory and destructive processes in the contents of the peri-implantation area.

[Clinical and radiological assessment of the anatomical and topographic structure of the root canals of teeth in patients of different age groups]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskaya otsenka anatomo-topograficheskogo stroeniya kornevykh kanalov zubov u patsientov raznykh vozrastnykh grupp.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to identify the features of the anatomical structure of the root canals of teeth according to CBCT data in patients in different age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients of europeoid race, both sexes, who have indications for endodontic treatment (60 people), were divided into three groups: group 1 (young) 20 people aged 18 to 44 years, group 2 (middle age) 20 people - from 45 to 60 years, group 3 (elderly) 20 people - from 61 to 75 years old. To assess the root canal anatomy, all patients underwent x-ray examination (CT) on a Vatech computed tomography and analyzed with the Ez3D plus program before beginning endodontic treatment. The object of study was the first molars of the lower jaw (distal root canal). RESULTS: The analysis of axial, sagittal, coronal sections of the first molar of the lower jaw revealed that patients belonging to the 1st group, the distal root canal often had an oval shape all over (95%) and over a wide apical opening, in only one case out of 20 (5%) were identified at slit-like form of the distal root canal, probably due to malocclusion or as a consequence of increased abrasion of teeth. In group 2, two independent root canals were identified in the distal root of the first lower molar (in 65%), extending from the tooth cavity to the apex.in 35% of cases, the distal root canal began with a single entrance in the oral part and bifurcated into two separate channels at about the level of 2 /3 canals, then re - joined into a single apical opening, in group 3, in 75% of cases, a slit-like form of the distal root canal was observed. The obtained CLCT data (taking into account the image error) were confirmed in the clinic at the stage of endodontic treatment using optical magnification (microscope). CONCLUSION: CBCT and operation microscopy with x40 magnification data showed clear age-dependent variations of first lower molar distal root canal anatomy.

Development prospects of curable osteoplastic materials in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.

The article presents classification of the thermosetting materials for bone augmentation. The physical, mechanical, biological, and clinical properties of such materials are reviewed. There are two main types of curable osteoplastic materials: bone cements and hydrogels. Compared to hydrogels, bone cements have high strength features, but their biological properties are not ideal and must be improved. Hydrogels are biocompatible and closely mimic the extracellular matrix. They can be used as cytocompatible scaffolds for tissue engineering, as can protein- and nucleic acid-activated structures. Hydrogels may be impregnated with osteoinductors such as proteins and genetic vectors without conformational changes. However, the mechanical properties of hydrogels limit their use for load-bearing bone defects. Thus, improving the strength properties of hydrogels is one of the possible strategies to achieve the basis for an ideal osteoplastic material.

[Osteoimmunological aspects of periodontal inflammatory destructive changes at periimplantitis, chronic periodontitis and oncological diseases of the oral cavity]. / Osobennosti osteoimmunologicheskikh aspektov osteorezorbtsii pri periimplantite, khronicheskom parodontite i rake al'veolyarnogo otrostka i al'veolyarnoi chasti chelyustei.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to analyze possible correlation between the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and the activation marker of osteoclasts cathepsin K in the gingival fluid during osteoresorption of inflammatory (periimplantitis, chronic generalized periodontitis) and malignant oncological origin (malignant neoplasm of gums). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 87 individuals of both sexes aged 30 to 60: 20 patients (group 1) with periimplantitis, 30 people with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) (group 2), 22 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper and lower alveolar bone gingiva (group 3), 15 healthy individuals without periodontal disease. RESULTS: The concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cathepsin K was determined in the gingival fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The examination revealed that during CGP and peri-implantitis the accumulation of IL-6 in the contents of periodontal and peri-implantation pockets was a pathogenetic factor for the activation of osteoclasts and their secretion of proteolytic enzymes osteoresorption. In cancer the increase of cathepsin K expression was a lot higher than the accumulation of IL-6 in the gingival fluid reducing the dependence of the activation of osteoclasts on the local accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion. To formulate the prognosis of progressive bone loss in patients with peri-implantitis it is necessary to control the concentration of IL-6 and cathepsin K in the peri-implantation pocket, in case of CGP the concentration of IL-6 in the exudate of the periodontal pocket and in patients with cancer of the alveolar processes the content of cathepsin K of gingival fluid.

[Influence of different type of toothbrushes on gingival fluid proteolytic potential during orthodontic treatment]. / Vliyanie zubnykh shchetok razlichnogo tipa na proteoliticheskii potentsial desnevoi zhidkosti v dinamike ortodonticheskogo lecheniya.

THE AIM: To study the effect of toothbrushes of various types on the accumulation of plaque and the proteolytic potential of gingival fluid as a pathogenic factors in long-term orthodontic treatment of patients with a distal permanent bite. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 63 patients of both sexes aged 11-18 years. Orthodontic treatment was carried out for the close position of the teeth with a distal permanent bite (K07.2) and cleft palate and lips (Q37.1). Patients were divided into three groups depending on the type of toothbrush used for individual oral hygiene: group 1 (n=21) - an orthodontic manual toothbrush (Professor Persin, «Spazzolificio Piave¼, Italy); Group 2 (n=22) - an ultrasonic toothbrush (Emmi-dent, EMAG AG, Germany) and group 3 (n=20) - an electric toothbrush ("Oral-B Pro-Expert, «Procter & Gamble¼, USA). RESULTS: The amount of soft plaque was assessed by the Silness-Loe hygiene index in the subgingival region. The activity of proteolytic enzymes - elastase, collagenase, and a α-inhibitor of proteinases was determined by the enzymatic method using a XL 200 biochemical analyzer («Erba Lachema¼, Czech Republic). The accumulation of plaque in the gingival region on both jaws during the entire period of orthodontic treatment is most pronounced when using a manual brush compared to ultrasonic and electric brushes. An increase in proteolytic activity in the gingival fluid with a simultaneous decrease in antiprotease potential with long-term orthodontic treatment of patients was observed when using a manual orthodontic brush, which can be regarded as an increase in the activity of the pathogenic factors for the development of local inflammatory and destructive changes. CONCLUSION: To prevent inflammatory and destructive changes during prolonged orthodontic treatment of patients, the use of ultrasonic and electric toothbrushes in daily oral hygiene is justified.

[Spectrophotometric assessment of photodynamic teeth bleaching]. / Otsenka effektivnosti fotodinamicheskogo otbelivaniya zubov.

THE AIM: Clinical analysis of the effectiveness of photodynamic tooth whitening according to the spectrophotometric method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Photodynamic tooth whitening was performed in 35 patients aged 20-45 years, on the teeth of the frontal group. To record the optical characteristics of enamel, the spectrophotomerism method was used. RESULTS: The study reliably shows that the average change in color saturation «C¼ ranged from 0.5 to 2 units. The optical characteristic of luminosity "L" before and after photodynamic exposure remained within the limits of healthy enamel, and the optical characteristic of whiteness on the scale of whitened teeth was 2 units. CONCLUSION: The method of photodynamic therapy can be used in dental practice to conduct a teeth whitening procedure.

[Hypoxia-dependent transcriptional control of activity of destructive inflammatory and malignant periodontium changes]. / Gipoksiya-zavisimyi transkriptsionnyi kontrol' aktivnosti destruktivnykh izmenenii parodonta vospalitel'nogo i zlokachestvennogo geneza.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of determining the level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the gingival fluid in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and exacerbation of inflammatory periodontal diseases in patients with cancer of the oral mucosa (OM). A clinical study was carried out with the participation of 60 patients with CGP (group 1) and 22 patients with cancer of OM (group 2) of the T1-2N0M0 stage, as well as 15 healthy individuals with no revealed periodontal pathology. CGP patients, depending on the depth of periodontal pockets (PC), were divided into two subgroups - with a mild degree (PC depth up to 3.5 mm) and an average degree (PC depth from 4 to 6 mm). Group 2 patients were also divided into two subgroups - with exacerbation of CGP (n=12) and patients with no complications (n=10). The content of HIF-1α in the gingival fluid was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The results of the study made it possible to establish that in patients of group 1, the concentration of HIF-1α in inflammatory exudate increased by 2.4 times (p<0.001) compared with the control group. The concentration of HIF-1α in the contents of periodontal pockets in patients with CGP depended on the severity of the disease: with mild CGP, it did not differ from the control group, and with moderate CGP it was 3.15 times higher (p<0.001). In patients with cancer of OM, the concentration of HIF-1α in the gingival fluid did not depend on the presence of inflammatory periodontal lesions and was determined by a multiple increase in the biomarker level (7.5 times) due to the development of a malignant process in the oral cavity. Therefore, monitoring the concentration of HIF-1α in the gingival fluid is informative in patients with CGP in assessing the severity of periodontal conditions, as well as in differential diagnosis with malignant formations of the oral cavity.

[Influence of different type of toothbrushes on the incidence of enamel demineralization and gingivitis in the course of orthodontic treatment]. / Vliyanie ispol'zovaniya zubnykh shchetok razlichnogo tipa na veroyatnost' razvitiya demineralizatsii emali i gingivita v khode ortodonticheskogo lecheniya.

The aim of the study was to determine the likelihood and frequency of complications, the impact of the use of various types of toothbrushes in the dynamics of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in patients with a distal permanent bite. The clinical study was conducted on 63 patients of both sexes, aged 11-18 years. Patients received long-term orthodontic treatment for a close tooth position with a distal permanent bite (K07.2) and cleft palate and lip (Q37.1). Three groups were conditionally distinguished depending on the type of toothbrush used for individual oral hygiene: group 1 (n=21) - an orthodontic manual toothbrush (Professor Persin, Spazzolificio Piave S.p.A, Italy); Group 2 (n=22) - an ultrasonic toothbrush (Emmi-dent, EMAG AG, Germany) and group 3 (n=20) - an electric toothbrush (Oral-B Pro-Expert, Procter & Gamble, USA). According to the Kaplan-Meier method, the probability of developing complications of orthodontic treatment was calculated as patients wear braces, and the impact on the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment of using toothbrushes of various types was evaluated. A frequency analysis of the complications of orthodontic treatment for the entire period of wearing fixed orthodontic structures revealed a difference only in respect to enamel demineralization. In group 1, enamel demineralization was more common (42.9%) compared with 2 (9.1%) and 3 (25%) groups (p=0.039). The likelihood of developing gingivitis was higher in group 1, the timing of the development of inflammatory processes in periodontium was also shortened in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3. The frequency and timing of the development of gingivitis and enamel demineralization depended on the type of toothbrush used in daily oral hygiene. A marked deterioration in the oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment using a manual brush was accompanied by a more frequent development of gingivitis and enamel demineralization.

[Hypoxia-dependent control of the activity of innate antimicrobial immunity in patients with dentin caries]. / Gipoksiia-zavisimyi kontrol' aktivnosti vrozhdennogo antimikrobnogo immuniteta u patsientov s kariesom dentina.

OBJECTIVE: To study interrelation of maintenance of α-defensins 1-3 and a hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in gingival liquid of patients with caries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 75 patients with the diagnosis dentine caries were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: in group 1 (n=30) caries was diagnosed in earlier untreated tooth, the 2nd group (n=45) included patients with the recurrence of carious process (in earlier treated tooth). Controls involved 25 caries-free individuals. The level of α-defensins 1-3 was studied in gingival fluid by ELISA method. RESULTS: The level of α-defensins 1-3 and antimicrobic peptide in gingival liquid in group 2 was 28 and 36% higher than in the 1st group, correspondingly (p<0.001). Concentration of HIF-1α in gingival liquid in the 2nd group was almost twice higher (p<0.001) than in group 1 and 82% higher than in controls (p<0.001), while in group 1 it decreased by 11% when compared to controls (p<0.001). All controls showed a close correlation between the level of α-defensins 1-3 and HIF-1α in gingival fluid (R=0.78, p<0.001), not observed in group 1 (R=0.32, p>0.05) but statistically significant in group 2 (R=0.78, p<0.001). Thus, the recurrence of carious process in caries-associated tooth is associated with the hypoxia-dependent activation of a congenital antimicrobial immunity by means of accumulation of HIF-1α and pronounced increase of α-defensins 1-3 in gingival fluid.

[Diagnostic and prognostic significance of the hypoxia-dependent factor-1α for the development of a carious lesion]. / Diagnosticheskaia i prognosticheskaia znachimost' gipoksiia- zavisimogo faktora-1α dlia razvitiia karioznogo porazheniia.

The research objective was to study the diagnostic value of a hypoxia-dependent factor (HIF-1α) in gingival fluid for assessment of carious process risk. 75 patients with dentine caries entered were enrolled in the study: group 1 (n=30) - primary caries, group 2 (n=45) - secondary recurrent disease (12 months after treatment). HIF-1α was assessed in in gingival liquid of all patients before treatment by the IFA method. Statistical analysis included logistic regression and the ROC analysis. In the 2nd group of patients HIF-1α value was two-fold higher than in group 1 (p<0.001) and by 82% in healthy controls (p<0.001). The ROC analysis revealed that the initial HIF-1α level higher than 98 pg/ml was associated with high risk of caries relapse in 12 months after treatment (with diagnostic sensitivity of 88.4% and specificity of 78.1%), and chances of disease development are increased by 4 times (p<0.0001). Logistic regressions created a mathematical model for calculation of caries relapse prognosis. Pearson's χ2=50.3 (p<0.0001) indicated the statistical importance of dependence between the risk and the size of a predictor. HIF-1α concentration change in gingival liquid from 80 pg/ml to 170 pg/ml correlates with the 12 months recurrent disease risk growth from 13 up to 94%. Thus, the initial gingival fluid content of HIF-1α higher than 98 pg/ml indicates high risk for caries relapse and demands personification of preventive measures of the disease progression.

[Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the Elgydium Protection caries toothpaste effectiveness in patients with high intensity of dental caries]. / Kliniko-laboratornaia otsenka éffektivnosti primeneniia zubnoi pasty Él'gidium zashchita ot kariesa u patsientov s vysokoi intensivnost'iu kariesa.

The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation after the complete elimination of carious cavities in patients with dentin caries according to clinical and laboratory indicators when using the ELGYDIUM Protection caries toothpaste for cleaning teeth for 6 months. 29 patients with high intensity of dental caries were examined and received treatment. Depending on the organization of daily hygienic measures after treatment the patients were divided into two groups. The main group included 14 patients who used Elgydium Protection caries paste ('Pierre Fabre Medicament', France) for brushing their teeth twice a day for 6 months. The control group included 15 patients who used toothpastes with fluoride of the first generation. All patients underwent clinical dental examination with the determination of the DMFT index and the amount of soft dental plaque according to the Silness-Lohe index, as well as in the gingival fluid bacteriological examination of cariogenic microbiota, determination of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and an immunoassay for anti-inflammatory peptides α-defensins 1-3. Effective change in the concentration of antimicrobial peptides α-defensins 1-3 and TNF-α after treatment along with successful eradication of cariogenic bacteria from carious cavities, the absence of recurrent dental caries in the main group compared with the control group proved the successful anti-caries action of long-term use of fluorenol capable of forming a uniform film on the surface of the tooth in the presence of silyglycol. The protective film helps to increase the resistance of the tooth to demineralization and prevents plaque formation. Thus, the study results proved the effectiveness of ELGYDIUM Protection caries toothpaste used for 6 months for the reduction of caries.

[Dynamics of bone metabolism markers in oral fluid after surgical treatment of chronic periodontal disease with various osteoplastic materials]. / Dinamika kostnogo metabolizma posle khirurgicheskogo lecheniia khronicheskogo generalizovannogo parodontita s podsadkoi razlichnykh kostno-plasticheskikh materialov po pokazateliam rotovoi zhidkosti.

The aim of the work was to assess the balance between osteosynthetic and osteodestructive processes in the oral cavity in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) of moderate and severe severity in the dynamics of a remote period of patchwork using various bone-plastic materials (BPM) based on xenogeneic hydroxyapatite (HA), ß-tricalcium phosphate (TCP). 123 patients with CGP were examined. Depending on the type of BPM, two groups were distinguished by composition in the course of patchwork operations. Patients of group 1 (n=61) received BPM on the basis of xenogeneic HA, 2 groups (n=62) on the basis of ß-TCP. Initially and after surgery at 8 and 12 months in the oral fluid, the concentration of osteoprotegerin (OPG), the ligand of the soluble activator of the kappa B nucleation factor (sRANKL), the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BAP), was determined by an immunoenzyme method. As a result of the study, it was found that in patients with moderate-bodied CGP after surgical treatment, restriction of osteoclast activity with a decrease in sRANKL due to an increase in OPG in the oral fluid, an increase in osteoblast activity with BAP secretion is most pronounced when using ß-TCP-based BPM at 8 months. After surgery with an average severity of the disease. Less pronounced changes in bone metabolism in the oral cavity are detected with the use of BPM on the basis of HA. In severe CGP, changes in bone homeostasis in the oral cavity after scrappy operations with BPM insertion based on TCP or HA are not expressed and are observed only after 12 months. Thus, the most effective changes in bone metabolism develop with the use of TCP as BPM.

[Influence of gender, age and metabolic factors on the course of chronic generalized periodontitis in patients with metabolic syndrome]. / Vliianie gendernykh, vozrastnykh i metabolicheskikh faktorov na techenie khronicheskogo generalizovannogo parodontita u patsientov s metabolicheskim sindromom.

In a study of 537 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, depending on gender, age and metabolic factors, it was found that with increasing of body mass index (BMI) symptoms of chronic generalized periodontitis is becoming more unfavorable, there is a close positive relationship between the severity of chronic generalized periodontitis and BMI. Patients' with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 in 80% of cases, periodontitis was characterized by severe course. It was found that the gender of the patient becomes relevant only with correlation of age and BMI. It was proved that for the most accurate prognosis of chronic generalized periodontitis, patient's sex, age and BMI should be taken into consideration. The developed model for predicting the course of chronic generalized periodontitis depending on the sex, age and metabolic factors of a particular patient, allows to monitor the dynamics of the disease in time.

[Diagnostic value of serum osteomarkers in moderate and severe periodontal disease]. / Diagnosticheskaia informativnost' opredeleniia osteomarkerov v syvorotke krovi pri khronicheskom generalizovannom parodontite srednei i tiazheloi stepeni.

The purpose of the study was to establish the diagnostic informative value of the concentration of osteomarkers in the serum to assess the severity of the osteodestructive component in chronic generalized periodontitis (HGP) prior to surgery and the prognosis of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of the disease. 187 patients with moderate and severe HGP who underwent bone and plastic insertion during the patch operations were examined. In the blood serum, the concentration of osteoprotegerin, ligand of the soluble activator of the kappa B nucleation factor (sRANKL) was initially determined and at 8 and 12 months after the operation, bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptides of degradation of mature type 1 collagen (ß-CrossLaps). It was found that in assessing the severity of osteodestructive processes in the periodontium in HGP, the serum concentration of sRANKL and ß-CrossLaps is informative. When the sRANKL content in the blood serum exceeds 0,48 pmol/l, and ß-CrossLaps exceeds 0,795 ng/ml, it is possible to judge the high activity of osteoclasts, which is accompanied by a pronounced risk of irreversibility of the osteodestructive component and the lack of effectiveness of surgical treatment.

[Diagnostic and prognostic significance of the hypoxia-dependent transcriptional mediator for the development of a carious lesion]. / Diagnosticheskaia i prognosticheskaia znachimost' gipoksiiazavisimogo transkriptsionnogo mediatora dlia razvitiia karioznogo porazheniia.

OBJECTIVE: To study diagnostic informational content of change of concentration a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) in gingival liquid of patients for assessment of risk of development of carious process. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 75 patients with the diagnosis dentine caries entered the research: group 1 (n=30) involved patients with primary caries while group 2 (n=45) consisted of patients with caries recurrence in 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: In all patients HIF-1α was determined in gingival liquid before treatment by the IFA method. Logistic regression and the ROC analysis were used for the statistical analysis. In group 2 the level of HIF-1α was two-fold higher than in group 1 (p<0.001) and 82% higher than in healthy individuals (p<0.001). The increased initial HIF-1α level of 98 pg/ml was associated with high risk of caries recurrence in 12 months after treatment with diagnostic sensitivity of 88.4% and diagnostic specificity of 78.1% with chances of development increased by 4 times (p<0.0001). The change of HIF-1α in gingival liquid from 80 pg/ml to 170 pg/ml increased the risk of caries recurrence 12 months from 13% up to 94%. CONCLUSION: The initial content in gingival liquid a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α higher than 98 pg/ml allows triage of patients with high risk of caries recurrence requiring dental monitoring for personification of preventive measures.

[Alveolar osteitis treatment using Holisal gel]. / Medikamentoznoe soprovozhdenie al'veolita cheliusti preparatom Kholisal.

The aim of the study was to estimate efficiency Holisal in treatment of the alveolar osteitis. 30 patients with the diagnosis of alveolar osteitis with clinics of dry socket, aged from 25 to 69 years entered a research. Patients were divided into 2 groups: in the 1st group (n=15) patients received treatment by a standard technique with the use of the iodoform gauze. In the 2nd group patients (n=15) after preliminary training used Holisal 4 times a day applying it in the socket. In both groups dynamics of clinical indicators, complaints, biochemical indicators on the 3, 5 and 10 day after the beginning of treatment were estimated. The use of Holisal for treatment of the alveolar osteitis presenting as a dry socket is effective and has advantages in comparison with a conventional technique of alveolar osteitis management.

[Prevention of complications in patients with cleft lip and palate combined with teeth crowding receiving long-term orthodontic treatment]. / Profilaktika razvitiya oslozhnenii pri dlitel'nom ortodonticheskom lechenii patsientov s rasshchelinoi neba i guby, sochetayushcheisya so skuchennym polozheniem zubov.

This study aim was to improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate in combination with crowding of teeth receiving long-term orthodontic treatment. The study involved 30 patients divided in 3 groups in which chlorhexidine-containing medication was included in the individual prevention and treatment program. The effectiveness of using 0.2% CG gel was assessed after 6 months to control the development of inflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues during long-term orthodontic treatment. The obtained clinical and laboratory data indicate the normalization of the cytokine profile and oral hygiene indices as a result of using a CG-containing preparation for effective control of the biofilm etiological factor.

[Analysis of photosensitizer gel penetration through the teeth structure]. / Analiz glubiny proniknoveniia gelia fotosensibilizatora v strukturu tkanei zubov.

As a result of the studies carried out on 20 extracted frontal teeth it was reliably shown that after 10 minutes the concentration of the photosensitizer in enamel at full depth reached values sufficient for performing photodynamic teeth whitening. At the same time, the penetration of the photosensitizer into the deep layers of dentin was not detected which allows to carry out the photodynamic bleaching procedure only within the enamel and enamel-dentine boundary, thus not affecting the pulp of the tooth.