RESUMO
BACKGROUND: We recently demonstrated that aldose reductase inhibition was effective in restoring the reduced migratory capacity of leukocytes in diabetic rats. To investigate the mechanism(s) involved in the restoring effect, we used minalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor. METHODS: In sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) alloxan-diabetic or galactosemic male Wistar rats, the internal spermatic fascia was exteriorized, and the number of leukocytes rolling along the venular endothelium and the number of leukocytes sticking to the vascular wall after topical application of zymosan-activated plasma or leukotriene B(4) (1 ng/ml), as well as after the application of a local irritant stimulus (carrageenan, 100 microg), were determined using intravital microscopy. Data from animals that were treated with and those that were not treated with minalrestat (10 mg/kg/d by gavage) were compared. RESULTS: The reduced number of leukocytes rolling along the venular endothelium (by about 70%) and the number of adhered and migrated leukocytes in postcapillary venules (by 60%) were significantly restored to control values after minalrestat treatment. Total or differential leukocyte counts, venular blood flow velocity or wall shear rate were not altered by minalrestat treatment. The expression of ICAM-1 and P-selectin, cell adhesion molecules involved in the interaction of leukocyte-endothelium, reduced in diabetic rats was restored by minalrestat treatment. CONCLUSION: We conclude that an enhanced flux through the polyol pathway might be involved in the reduced expression of ICAM-1 and P-selectin contributing to the impaired leukocyte-endothelial interactions in diabetes mellitus and that aldose reductase inhibition restores the defect, restoring the reduced expression.
Assuntos
Aldeído Redutase/antagonistas & inibidores , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Imidas/farmacologia , Migração e Rolagem de Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Animais , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Frutose/sangue , Galactitol/sangue , Galactose/sangue , Galactosemias/fisiopatologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/sangue , Contagem de Leucócitos , Migração e Rolagem de Leucócitos/fisiologia , Masculino , Selectina-P/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sorbitol/sangueRESUMO
Aneurysms of the anterior jugular vein are rare. This case report describes such an abnormality. In this instance, microscopic study showed abnormal distribution of elastic and muscular fibers along the wall of the vessel. These findings and corroboration of these findings in other similar cases suggest a congenital etiology for the abnormality. The existence of venous aneurysms as a true pathologic feature is confirmed.
