Role of regulatory emotional self efficacy and positive psychological capital in the relationship between resilience and the mental health of college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the chain mediating effect of regulatory emotional self efficacy and positive psychological capital on resilience and the mental health of college students.@*Methods@#A total of 809 college students of Chaohu University were selected and were administered with the the Self report Symptom Invertory, Symptom Checklist,90 (SCL-90), Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Regulatory Emotional Self efficacy Scale (RES-C) and Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PPQ). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed, taking resilience, regulatory emotional self efficacy and positive psychological capital as independent variables and the mental health of college students as dependent variables, meanwhile test the intermediary effect.@*Results@#Differences were found in resilience(3.52±0.55,3.27±0.42), regulatory emotional self efficacy(3.58± 0.59 ，3.32±0.57), positive psychological capital(4.74±0.77，4.49±0.76) and mental health(158.66±33.01，176.53±34.73) among college students with different sources(urban and rural)( t =55.82，39.22，21.28，-54.14， P <0.05). Resilience, regulatory emotional self efficacy and positive psychological capital were significantly associated with the severity of mental health of college students( R 2= 0.21, P <0.01). Regulatory emotional self efficacy and positive psychological capital played a significant chain mediating role between resilience and poor mental health( effect =-0.03, P <0.05), and the mediating effect accounted for 39.3% of the total effect.@*Conclusion@#The mental health of college students can be improved by strengthening levels of resilience and enhancing regulatory emotional self efficacy, and constructing positive psychological capital could contribute to the association between resilience and mental health.

Physics models of centriole replication.

Our previous pre-clinic experimental results have showed that the epithelialization can be enhanced by the externally applied rectangular pulsed electrical current stimulation (RPECS). The results are clinically significant for patients, especially for those difficult patients whose skin wounds need long periods to heal. However, the results also raise questions: How does the RPECS accelerate the epithelium cell proliferation? To answer these questions, we have previously developed several models for animal cells, in a view of physics, to explain mechanisms of mitosis and cytokinesis at a cellular level, and separation of nucleotide sequences and the unwinding of a double helix during DNA replication at a bio-molecular level. In this paper, we further model the mechanism of centriole replication during a natural and normal mitosis and cytokinesis to explore the mechanism of epithelialization enhanced with the externally applied RPECS at a bio-molecular level. Our models suggest: (1) Centriole replication is an information flowing. The direction of the information flowing is from centrioles to centrioles based on a cylindrical template of 9 x 3 protein microtubules (MTs) pattern. (2) A spontaneous and strong electromagnetic field (EMF) force is a pushing force that separates a mother and a daughter centrioles in centrosomes or in cells, while a pulling force of interacting fibers and pericentriolar materials delivers new babies. The newly born babies inherit the pattern information from their mother(s) and grow using microtubule fragments that come through the centrosome pores. A daughter centriole is always born and grows along stronger EMF. The EMF mostly determines centrioles positions and plays key role in centriole replication. We also hypothesize that the normal centriole replication could not been disturbed in centrosome in the epithelium cells by our RPECS, because the centrioles have two non-conducting envelope (cell and centrosome membranes), that protect the normal duplication. The induced electric field by externally applied RPECS could be mild compared with the spontaneous and natural electric field of the centrioles. Therefore, the centriole replication during the epithelium cellular proliferation may be directly, as well as indirectly (e.g., somatic reflex) accelerated by the RPECS.

Electromagnetic field effect on separation of nucleotide sequences and unwinding of a double helix during DNA replication.

Our previous pre-clinic experimental results have showed that the bacterium infection can be suppressed and the epithelialization can be enhanced by the externally applied rectangular pulsed electrical current stimulation (RPECS). The results are clinically significant for patients, especially for those difficult patients whose skin wounds need long periods to heal. However, the results also raise questions: How does the RPECS accelerate the epithelium cell proliferation? What is the relationship among the bacterium infection, the epithelialization and the RPECS? To answer these questions, we have previously modeled mitosis and cytokinesis mechanisms for animal cells and amitosis for bacteria at a cellular level and in a view of physics. In this paper, we model the separation of nucleotide sequences and the unwinding of a double helix during DNA replication at a molecular level and also in wild types of cells. Firstly, we define a new concept of nucleotide (NT) electromagnetic field (EMF) box (sequence) which carries genetic information: The continuous NT EMF boxes compose a nucleotide strand. Then, we hypothesize the symmetry, repulsion and attraction of NT EMF boxes: If a pair of NT EMF boxes are (quasi) mirror or complementary symmetric about a plane (curve) or point, they repulse or attract from each other because there is a repulsive or attractive EMF force between them. Our models suggest, the repulsive EMF force from children DNA strands simultaneously separates the children DNA strands, splits the hydrogen bonds of parental base pairs, and unwinds the parental double helix while DNA polymerases are synchronously synthesizing the new children DNA strands. To understand the mechanism of epithelialization enhanced with the externally applied RPECS at a molecular level, we hypothesize that the normal separation of nucleotide sequences and unwinding of a double helix during DNA replication could be suppressed in the bacteria but not in the epithelium cells because: (a) the spontaneous EMF in the epithelium could be 1000 times stronger than that in bacteria; (b) the epithelium cells have one more non-conducting envelope (nuclear membrane) to protect the normal separation and unwinding; (c) based on our previous experimental data, the RPECS amount received by the bacteria are three times as much as the amount the epithelium cells receive. Therefore, the epithelium cellular proliferation may be directly, as well as indirectly (e.g., somatic reflex) accelerated by the RPECS.

3-D physical models of amitosis (cytokinesis).

Based on Newton's laws, extended Coulomb's law and published biological data, we develop our 3-D physical models of natural and normal amitosis (cytokinesis), for prokaryotes (bacterial cells) in M phase. We propose following hypotheses: Chromosome rings exclusion: No normally and naturally replicated chromosome rings (RCR) can occupy the same prokaryote, a bacterial cell. The RCR produce spontaneous and strong electromagnetic fields (EMF), that can be alternated environmentally, in protoplasm and cortex. The EMF is approximately a repulsive quasi-static electric (slowly variant and mostly electric) field (EF). The EF forces between the RCR are strong enough, and orderly accumulate contractile proteins that divide the procaryotes in the cell cortex of division plane or directly split the cell compartment envelope longitudinally. The radial component of the EF forces could also make furrows or cleavages of procaryotes. The EF distribution controls the protoplasm partition and completes the amitosis (cytokinesis). After the cytokinesis, the spontaneous and strong EF disappear because the net charge accumulation becomes weak, in the protoplasm. The exclusion is because the two sets of informative objects (RCR) have identical DNA codes information and they are electro magnetically identical, therefore they repulse from each other. We also compare divisions among eukaryotes, prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts and propose our hypothesis: The principles of our models are applied to divisions of mitochondria and chloroplasts of eucaryotes too because these division mechanisms are closer than others in a view of physics. Though we develop our model using 1 division plane (i.e., 1 cell is divided into 2 cells) as an example, the principle of our model is applied to the cases with multiple division planes (i.e., 1 cell is divided into multiple cells) too.

3-D physical models of mitosis (with asters) and cytokinesis.

First, we define new concepts of Life Objects, Informative Objects and Virtual Objects, Discrete Chromosome Rings (DCR); we introduce a mathematical concept of meridian plane (MP) in a three dimensional (3-D) cylindrical coordinate system (CCS). Based on these concepts, classic mechanics, classic electromagnetism and published biological data, we develop our 3-D physical models of natural and normal mitosis (with asters) and cytokinesis, for animal cells in M phase. We propose following hypotheses: Chromosomes Exclusion: No normally and naturally replicated chromosomes can occupy the same nucleus without growing sizes of the nucleus and the cell. Spontaneous and strong electromagnetic fields (EMF) forces among chromosomes, centrosomes and microtubules split the nucleus and separate the two sets of sister chromatids when they are strong enough. Nuclei Exclusion: No normally and naturally doubled nuclei can occupy the same cell if the doubled size of nuclei is not far smaller than size of the cell. The spontaneous and strong EMF forces in protoplasm (or cortex), separate two sets of chromosomes, spindles and poles, drive contractile proteins to the equator in cell cortex, and continue to guide and to transport free charged objects until complete the cytokinesis. Centrioles Exclusion: No naturally and normally doubled centrioles can occupy the same centrosome. The spontaneous and strong repulsive EMF forces are the primary cause for the exclusions. The principles of our models are also applied to mitosis and cytokinesis for lower plant cells, to that of multiple nuclei or mutant chromosomes, and to meiosis, for both animal cells and lower plant cells.

A three dimensional (3-D) physical model of ribosome movement in protein synthesis.

In this study, we propose new concepts of Active Potential Energy Well, Specificity and Non-Specificity of the wells. We perform these concepts to establish a 3-D physical model and to elucidate how a complete functional ribosome traps an aminoacyl tRNA, and how it moves along the mRNA template in the elongation of protein synthesis. In our model, we first introduce concepts of reduced mass and relative coordinates of a two objects system. Then we simplify a ribosome movement along mRNA in protein synthesis. We also introduce concepts of active objects and active controls in this study. Our model is based on quantum mechanics, thermal dynamics and the published biochemical data.