The Multifunction of TRIM26: From Immune Regulation to Oncology.

Ubiquitination, a crucial post-translational modification, plays a role in nearly all physiological processes. Its functional execution depends on a series of catalytic reactions involving numerous proteases. TRIM26, a protein belonging to the TRIM family, exhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase activity because of its RING structural domain, and is present in diverse cell lineages. Over the last few decades, TRIM26 has been documented to engage in numerous physiological and pathological processes as a controller, demonstrating a diverse array of biological roles. Despite the growing research interest in TRIM26, there has been limited attention given to examining the protein's structure and function in existing reviews. This review begins with a concise overview of the composition and positioning of TRIM26 and then proceeds to examine its roles in immune response, viral invasion, and inflammatory processes. Simultaneously, we demonstrate the contribution of TRIM26 to the progression of various diseases, encompassing numerous malignancies and neurologic conditions. Finally, we have investigated the potential areas for future research on TRIM26.

Gastric Submucosal Fat Accumulation Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Obesity.

PURPOSE: Ectopic fat accumulation plays a significant role in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, and few studies have reported an association between ectopic gastric fat and metabolic risk factors. We aim to fulfill this need by assessing the degree of gastric submucosal fat accumulation in pathologic sections of 190 sleeve gastrectomy specimens. METHODS: Study patients were divided into two groups (D1 and D2) based on whether fat accumulation exceeded 1/3 of the submucosa of the stomach. Demographic and metabolic risk factors were compared between the two groups. Metabolic risk variables that might be associated with the degree of fat accumulation were screened in the original cohort. After balancing for possible confounders, the robustness of the correlations was assessed using binary and conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: All study patients had fat accumulation in the submucosa of the stomach. C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), visceral fat area (VFA), and insulin resistance (IR) were higher in the D2 group than in the D1 group in the original cohort (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI and IR may be associated with increased fat accumulation. After balancing variables other than obesity indicators and IR using propensity score matching, BMI and IR remained significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Further analysis of the matched cohort using two logistic regression analyses showed that IR was an independent risk factor for increased fat accumulation. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that gastric submucosal fat accumulation was prevalent in patients with obesity and was associated with IR.