Visual analysis of colorectal cancer and gut microbiota: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022.

A growing number of studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current body of research exploring the relationship between CRC and GM is vast. Nevertheless, bibliometric studies in this area have not yet been reported. This study aimed to explore the hotspots and frontiers of research on GM and CRC in the past 20 years, which may provide a reference for researchers in this field. The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for publications on CRC and GM from 2002 to 2022. The scientometric softwares CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visually analyze the countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords involved in the literature. Keywords co-occurrence, cluster, and burst analysis were utilized to further explore the current state and development trends of research on GM and CRC. A total of 2158 publications were included in this study, with a noticeably rising annual publication trend. The majority of these papers are from 80 nations, primarily China and the USA. J Yu was the most active author and WS Garrett has the highest citation. Among all institutions, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has the largest number of papers. Most of the publications were published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, with Science being the most frequently cited journal. The 4 main clusters mainly involved probiotics, inflammation, molecular mechanisms, and research methods. Current research hotspots included "Fusobacterium nucleatum," "Escherichia coli," etc. Newly emerging research has focused predominantly on immune response, gene expression, and recent strategies for the treatment of CRC with GM. The relationship between GM and CRC will continue to be a hot research area. Changes in the composition of GM in patients with CRC, the potential molecular mechanisms as well as probiotics and natural products used in the treatment of CRC have been the focus of current research and hotspots for future studies.

Effects of virtual reality for psychological health of ICU patients: a study protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to have a certain influence on the psychological health of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, its specific effects-particularly on psychological health problems, such as psychological well-being, quality of life (QOL) and patient satisfaction-remain unclear. METHOD AND ANALYSIS: This study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols guidelines. Electronic data search is carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, EBSCO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, VIP and Chinese Biology Medicine Database. The inclusion criteria follow the PICO principle, wherein ICU patients who have been hospitalised for 24 hours or more are included. Studies using VR-based interventions to improve the psychological health of ICU patients, compared with waitlist controls or traditional therapy groups; outcome assessments containing psychological well-being, QOL and patient satisfaction; and those designed as randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental research are included. Search time is from inception of each database to July 2023. No language restriction is considered. Studies for inclusion are screened by two independent reviewers for data extraction. Any dispute is resolved through discussion. Unresolved disputes are decided on by consulting a third author. For the risk of bias assessment in RCTs and non-RCTs, the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials and risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions tool are used, respectively. For meta-analysis, RevMan V.5.3 is used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol study does not include clinical research and thus does not require ethical approval. Research findings will be released in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023400428.

A 0.82 µVrms ultralow 1/f noise bandgap reference for a MEMS gyroscope.

High-precision microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes are significant in many applications. Bias instability (BI) is an important parameter that indicates the performance of a MEMS gyroscope and is affected by the 1/f noise of the MEMS resonator and readout circuit. Since the bandgap reference (BGR) is an important block in the readout circuit, reducing its 1/f noise is key to improving a gyroscope's BI. In a traditional BGR, the error amplifier is applied to provide a virtual short-circuit point, but it introduces the main low-frequency noise sources. This paper proposes an ultralow 1/f noise BGR by removing the error amplifier and applying an optimized circuit topology. In addition, a simplified but accurate noise model of the proposed BGR is obtained to optimize the BGR's output noise performance. To verify this design, the proposed BGR has been implemented in a 180 nm CMOS process with a chip area of 545 × 423 µm. The experimental results show that the BGR's output integrated noise from 0.1 to 10 Hz is 0.82 µV and the thermal noise is 35 nV/√Hz. Furthermore, bias stability tests of the MEMS gyroscope fabricated in our laboratory with the proposed BGR and some commercial BGRs are carried out. Statistical results show that reducing the BGR's 1/f noise can nearly linearly improve the gyroscope's BI.

An Auto-Tuning Continuous-Time Bandpass Sigma-Delta Modulator with Signal Observation for MEMS Gyroscope Readout Systems.

This paper presents the design and implementation of an auto-tuning continuous-time bandpass sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulator for micro-electromechchanical systems (MEMS) gyroscope readout systems. Its notch frequency can well match the input signal frequency by adding a signal observation to the traditional ΣΔ modulator. The filter of the observation adopts the same architecture as that of the traditional ΣΔ modulator, allowing the two filters to have the same response to input signal change, which is converted into a control voltage on metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) resistance in the filters. The automatic tuning not only works to solve the mismatch problem caused by process error and temperature variation, but can also be applied to the interface circuit of gyroscopes with different resonant frequencies. The circuit is implemented in a 0.18-µm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process with a core area of 2.4 mm2. The improved modulator achieves a dynamic range of 106 dB, a noise floor below 120 dB and a maximum signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 86.4 dB. The tuning capability of the chip is relatively stable under input signals from 6 to 15 kHz at temperatures ranging from -45 to 60 °C.

Effect of the viscoelastic properties of modified starch as a wall material on the surface morphology of microcapsules.

BACKGROUND: Since microcapsule technology has a good protective effect on unstable bioactive substances, many studies have focused on exploring the best technical conditions for forming microcapsules. Modified starch is a microcapsule wall material with good emulsifying and film-forming properties. The objective of this work was to study the creep-recovery behavior of modified starch pastes for various creep time, shear stress and temperature. Furthermore, the effect of creep-recovery behavior on the morphology of microcapsules made of the modified starch was investigated. RESULTS: The maximum creep compliance (Jmax ), instantaneous compliance (J0 ) and retardation compliance (J1 ) of modified starch increased proportionally with increasing creep time and shear stress but decreased with increasing temperature. The Newtonian viscosity (η0 ) increased with increasing creep time and temperature but decreased with increasing shear stress. The recovery rate of the modified starch pastes varied from 0.92 to 33.68% in the creep-recovery test conditions. Creep-recovery data could be well explained by a four-parameter Burgers model (R2 > 0.918). CONCLUSIONS: Modified starch pastes exhibited time-, stress- and temperature-dependent creep-recovery behavior. The Jmax values of modified starch pastes were low(<0.20 Pa-1 ) and the η0 values high (>3.5 × 103  Pa s) for all test conditions. The results revealed the modified starch pastes had a good rigid network structure to resist deformation but recovery was difficult once deformation occurred. Microcapsules produced using the modified starch exhibited a small deformation with regular spheres and some dents, consistent with the results of creep-recovery tests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.