The Treatment of Oesophageal Perforation after Anterior Cervical Spinal Surgery.

Oesophageal perforation is a rare complication occurring during or after cervical spine surgery, and the risk factors are not well understood. This study presents a case of a 25-year-old man with oesophageal perforation after anterior cervical spine surgery. It is suggested that four factors (anatomical structure, mechanism of trauma, implant dislodgment, and the operation) could induce postoperative oesophageal perforation after cervical spine surgery performed using the anterior surgical approach. A comprehensive understanding and early management of this complication are necessary for successful therapy.

[Distribution of phosphorus fractions and bio-available phosphorus forms and their relationships in sewage sludge].

To investigate the potential bioavailability and mobility of phosphorus (P) in sewage sludge, the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) programme was employed to characterize the distribution of P in sewage sludge from different treatment stage of Jiangxinzhou WWTP. The results showed that the inorganic phosphorus (IP), accounting for 61%, was the predominant fraction of total phosphorus (TP), while the organic phosphorus (OP) in TP was only 15% to 35%. And the IP mainly distributed in the non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) fraction, accounting for more than 60%. It suggested the high potential bioavailability and mobility of P in sewage sludge. The significant positive correlations between the contents of TP and the NAIP + OP indicated that the determination of TP could be used to estimate the potential bioavailability of P in sewage sludge. The correlations between the P fractions and the physical-chemical characteristics suggested that the LOI and pH would influence significantly on the potential mobility of P in sewage sludge.

[Relation between distribution of phosphorus form in the sediment of typical urban shallow lakes and eutrophication].

The forms of phosphorus in the surface sediments were extracted and determined sequentially with ethylene dinitrilo tetracetic acid (EDTA) technique in three urban shallow lakes: Lake Xuanwu, Lake Mochou and Lake Daming. The results showed that the iron and calcium-bound phosphate, about accounting for 80%, were the main forms of total phosphorus. The contents of iron bound phosphate in Lake Xuanwu and Lake Mochou were higher than that of Lake Daming, reaching 30%-40%. The organic phosphorus existed mainly in the form of alkali extractable phosphorus, while the contents of acid extractable organic phosphorus were low. However, the proportion of acid extractable organic phosphorus to the total phosphorus can indicate the degree of lake eutrophication.

[Distribution and correlation of P and Fe fractions in sediments of typical urban shallow lakes].

The fractions of phosphorus (P) and Fe in the surface sediments of three typical urban shallow lakes (Xuanwu Lake, Daming Lake and Mouchou Lake) were determined using improved methods of SEDEX and BCR, respectively, and the relationship between P and Fe in sediments was also analyzed. P analyses showed that the relative lower content of Al-P was found in sediments of three urban lakes, while the percentage of Fe-P was in the range of 17.10%-27.88%, 16.68%-27.06% and 0.06%-0.17%, respectively, in Xuanwu Lake, Daming Lake and Mouchou Lake and the contents order was in line with the level of eutrophication. The contents of Ex-P, ACa-P and De-P were highest in Daming Lake while lowest in Mochou Lake. Ca-P was the main fraction, ranging from 32.51% to 75.39% in these lakes. Fe analyses showed that 69.17%-99.88% of Fe in sediments of three urban lakes was present in the residual fraction (F4), suggesting that F4 was the dominant fraction. While the contents of F1 and F2 in sediments of Xuanwu Lake were high, accounting for 6.46%-17.35%. It may be one of the main factors causing the frequent outbreak of cyanobacteria in Xuanwu Lake. There were significant negative correlations (p < 0.01) between TP and F1, F2 and F3, and the correlativity coefficient was - 0.95, - 0.94, - 0.81, respectively. Ex-P, Al-P and Or-P correlated significantly to F1 and F2, suggesting that Ex-P, Al-P and Or-P were sensitive to environment factors due to their active characteristics. ACa-P and De-P were bio-unavailable phosphorus, but they had significantly negative correlativity to F1, F2 and F3. Thus, further study should be performed on the reaction mechanism of ACa-P and De-P.