Earliness and morphotypes of common wheat cultivars of Western and Eastern Siberia.

The global and local climate changes determine the producing of highly-adaptive common (bread) wheat commercial cultivars of a new generation whose optimal earliness matches the climatic features of the territory where the cultivars are farmed. Principal component analysis involving our own and published data has been applied to investigate 98 commercial common wheat cultivars from Western and Eastern Siberia comparing their morphotypes; cultivar zoning time; length of the vegetation period; 1000-grain weight, and inheritance of spring growth habit. It demonstrated that the dominant Vrn gene polymorphism determining the spring growth habit of the Siberian cultivars was minimally polymorphic. In 75 % of the tested cultivars, the spring growth habit was controlled by digenic, namely dominant Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 genes. In 25 % of them (24 cultivars), spring growth habit is controlled by a single gene. In 19 and 5 of these cultivars spring growth habit is controlled by only one dominant gene, Vrn-B1 or Vrn-A1, respectively. In cv. Tulun 15, a trigenic control was identified. A conclusion about the optimality of the digenic control for the climatic conditions of both Western and Eastern Siberia has been confirmed. However, since none of the tested cultivars had the dominant Vrn-D1 gene typical of the regions of China and Central Asia bordering Siberia, it can be considered as an additional argument in favor of the European origin of Siberian common wheat cultivars. The revealed high frequency of the Vrn-B1c allele in the Western Siberian cultivars and the Vrn-B1a allele in the Eastern Siberian cultivars suggests their selectivity. The analysis also confirmed the dominance of red glume (ferrugineum, milturum) and awned spike (ferrugineum, erythrospermum) varieties in the Eastern Siberian cultivars, and white glume and awnedless spike (lutescens and albidum) ones in the Western Siberian cultivars. Small grain size cultivars are more typical of Eastern than Western Siberia. The retrospective analysis based on the cultivars' zoning time included in the "State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage" brought us to the conclusion that the earliness/lateness of modern Siberian commercial cultivars was not regionally but rather zonally-associated (taiga, subtaiga, forest-steppe and steppe zones).

Plasmonic nanosponges filled with silicon for enhanced white light emission.

Plasmonic nanosponges are a powerful platform for various nanophotonic applications owing to extremely high local field enhancement in metallic nanopores. The filling of the nanopores with high-refractive index semiconductors (e.g. Si, Ge, GaP, etc.) opens up opportunities for the enhancement of nonlinear effects in these materials. However, this task remains challenging due to the lack of knowledge on the integration process of metal and high-index semiconductor components in such nanoobjects. Here, we investigate metal-dielectric nanoparticles fabricated from bilayer Si/Au films by the laser printing technique via a combination of theoretical and experimental methods. We reveal that these hybrid nanoparticles represent the Au sponge-like nanostructure filled with Si nanocrystallites. We also demonstrate that the Au net provides strong near-field enhancement in the Si grains increasing the white light photoluminescence in the hybrid nanostructures compared to uniform Si nanoparticles. These results pave the way for engineering the internal structure of the sponge-like hybrid nanoparticles possessing white light luminescence and control of their optical properties on demand.

[The role of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the combined restorative treatment of the patients presenting with myofascial pain syndrome]. / Ékstrakorporal'naia udarno-volnovaia terapiia v kompleksnom vosstanovitel'nom lechenii patsientov s miofastsial'nym bolevym sindromom.

The myofascial pain syndromes (MPS) is ranked among the most frequent clinical manifestations of acute and chronic pain in the lumbar region. The authors of the article undertook the analysis of scientific publications from the Pubmed, Medline, and Scopus databases that appeared during the recent years. The analysis has demonstrate that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) can be considered as a method of choice to be used in the framework of the complex programs of the treatment and rehabilitation of the condition of interest. The specific etiopathogenetic features of ESWT are considered in terms of the contemporary views with special reference to their influence on the choice of the treatment strategies and concrete methods for the treatment of the myofascial pain syndromes. It is shown that extracorporeal shock wave therapy makes it possible to enhance the blood flow and circulation and increase the permeability of cell membranes thereby facilitating the activation of the regenerative processes in the structural elements of the vertebral-motor segment undergoing the dystrophic changes. Moreover, ESWT produces the anti-inflammatory effects and causes muscle relaxation. There is strong evidence of the possibility to use such modern modalities of manual needs tlomethods of ESWT and manual therapy in patients with MFBS that requires further research. The expected effects of the combined application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy and manual therapy for the treatment of the patients presenting with myofascial pain syndrome remain to be verified in the further studies.

Purcell effect in active diamond nanoantennas.

We suggest a novel class of active nanoantennas based on diamond nanoparticles with embedded nitrogen-vacancy centres coupled to Mie resonances of nanoparticles. We theoretically study the optical properties of such nanoantennas including the field enhancement and Purcell effect, and experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of the fluorescence rate of the emitters due to particle resonances, as compared to a nonresonant regime. Our results pave the way towards active dielectric nanophotonics for quantum light sources, bioimaging, and quantum information processing.

Light-Emitting Halide Perovskite Nanoantennas.

Nanoantennas made of high-index dielectrics with low losses in visible and infrared frequency ranges have emerged as a novel platform for advanced nanophotonic devices. On the other hand, halide perovskites are known to possess high refractive index, and they support excitons at room temperature with high binding energies and quantum yield of luminescence that makes them very attractive for all-dielectric resonant nanophotonics. Here we employ halide perovskites to create light-emitting nanoantennas with enhanced photoluminescence due to the coupling of their excitons to dipolar and multipolar Mie resonances. We demonstrate that the halide perovskite nanoantennas can emit light in the range of 530-770 nm depending on their composition. We employ a simple technique based on laser ablation of thin films prepared by wet-chemistry methods as a novel cost-effective approach for the fabrication of resonant perovskite nanostructures.

Nanoscale Generation of White Light for Ultrabroadband Nanospectroscopy.

Achieving efficient localization of white light at the nanoscale is a major challenge due to the diffraction limit, and nanoscale emitters generating light with a broadband spectrum require complicated engineering. Here we suggest a simple, yet highly efficient, nanoscale white-light source based on a hybrid Si/Au nanoparticle with ultrabroadband (1.3-3.4 eV) spectral characteristics. We incorporate this novel source into a scanning-probe microscope and observe broadband spectrum of photoluminescence that allows fast mapping of local optical response of advanced nanophotonic structures with submicron resolution, thus realizing ultrabroadband near-field nanospectroscopy.

Resonant silicon nanoparticles for enhancement of light absorption and photoluminescence from hybrid perovskite films and metasurfaces.

Recently, hybrid halide perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising types of materials for thin-film photovoltaic and light-emitting devices because of their low-cost and potential for high efficiency. Further boosting their performance without detrimentally increasing the complexity of the architecture is critically important for commercialization. Despite a number of plasmonic nanoparticle based designs having been proposed for solar cell improvement, inherent optical losses of the nanoparticles reduce photoluminescence from perovskites. Here we use low-loss high-refractive-index dielectric (silicon) nanoparticles for improving the optical properties of organo-metallic perovskite (MAPbI3) films and metasurfaces to achieve strong enhancement of photoluminescence as well as useful light absorption. As a result, we observed experimentally a 50% enhancement of photoluminescence intensity from a perovskite layer with silicon nanoparticles and 200% enhancement for a nanoimprinted metasurface with silicon nanoparticles on top. Strong increase in light absorption is also demonstrated and described by theoretical calculations. Since both silicon nanoparticle fabrication/deposition and metasurface nanoimprinting techniques are low-cost, we believe that the developed all-dielectric approach paves the way to novel scalable and highly effective designs of perovskite based metadevices.

A modular approach to marine macrolide construction. 3. Enantioselective synthesis of the C1-C28 sector of spongistatin 1 (altohyrtin A).

[structure: see text] A completely stereocontrolled approach to assembly of the major C1-C28 subunit of spongistatin 1 (altohyrtin A) is described. Key steps included the control of two asymmetric aldols by means of Fujita-Nagao (chiral N-acyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione auxiliary) and Mukaiyama (BF3 x OEt2-promoted enolsilane coupling) protocols in complex settings.