[The prevalence and possibilities of serological diagnostic of reoviral infection.]

The information about manifestations and possible associations of reoviral infection is covered. The original results of studying prevalence, clinical significance and possibilities of serodiagnostic of reoviral infection under various pathological conditions. It is demonstrated that reoviral infection is widespread among adult population (60.6%) and children (48.7%). It is established that with age seroprevalence to reoviruses increases. The etiological significance of retroviruses under various acute diseases predominantly respiratory ones is substantiated. It is established that average titer of antibodies to reoviruses increases in children with acute hepatitis of unclear etiology and in adults with chronic non-tumorous diseases of liver. The significance of studying of pair serums in diagnostic of reoviral infection is emphasized having regard to high level of seroprevalence.

HOI-02 induces apoptosis and G2-M arrest in esophageal cancer mediated by ROS.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules that perform essential functions in living organisms. Accumulating evidence suggests that many types of cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of ROS. Conversely, generation of ROS has become an effective method to kill cancer cells. (E)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl) indolin-2-one, which is an NO2 group-containing compound designated herein as HOI-02, generated ROS and, in a dose-dependent manner, decreased esophageal cancer cell viability and inhibited anchorage-independent growth, followed by apoptosis and G2-M arrest. Moreover, results of an in vivo study using a patient-derived xenograft mouse model showed that HOI-02 treatment suppressed the growth of esophageal tumors, without affecting the body weight of mice. The expression of Ki-67 was significantly decreased with HOI-02 treatment. In addition, the phosphorylation of c-Jun, and expression of p21, cleaved caspase 3, and DCFH-DA were increased in the HOI-02-treated group compared with the untreated control group. In contrast, treatment of cells with (E)-3-(4-(4-aminophenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl)-3-hydroxyindolin-2-one, which is an NH2 group-containing compound designated herein as HOI-11, had no effect. Overall, we identified HOI-02 as an effective NO2 group-containing compound that was an effective therapeutic or preventive agent against esophageal cancer cell growth.

Rack1 protects N-terminal phosphorylated c-Jun from Fbw7-mediated degradation.

The c-Jun transcription factor is a highly unstable oncoprotein. Several ubiquitin ligases mediate c-Jun degradation. However, c-Jun can be stabilized once it is phosphorylated at the N-terminus by c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) or other protein kinases. This phosphorylation decreases c-Jun ubiquitination and degradation. The underlying mechanism for this phenomenon is still unknown. Here, we show that receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (Rack1) can bind with c-Jun and ubiquitin ligase Fbw7 to form a complex. When c-Jun is phosphorylated at the N-terminus, c-Jun is released from the complex and cannot be ubiquitinated by Fbw7, which leads to increased stabilization and accumulation of c-Jun. These results reveal that Rack1 has a very important role in tumorigenesis by maintaining the stability of c-Jun that has been phosphorylated at its N-terminus by JNKs or other kinases.

[Isolation and characteristics of high molecular weight cytolysins from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus]. / Vydelenie i kharakteristika vysokomolekuliarnykh tsitolizinov morskoi aktinii Radianthus macrodactylus.

Three cytolytic toxins (RTX: RTX-A, RTX-S, and RTX-G) were isolated from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus and characterized. The purification scheme involved hydrophobic chromatography on Polychrom-1, batch-chromatography on CM-23 cellulose, gel filtration on Akrilex P-4, cation-exchange chromatography on CM-32 cellulose, and HPLC on an ion-exchange Ultropac TSK CM-3SW column and a reversed-phase Silasorb C18 column. The molecular masses of RTXs (ca. 20 kDa) were determined by SDS-PAGE in a density gradient of PAG. They are highly basic polypeptides (pI of 9.8 for RTX-A and RTX-S and 10.5 for RTX-G) containing similar amino acid compositions with a high content of basic and hydrophobic residues and the absence of Cys residues. The hemolytic activities of RTX-A, RTX-S, and RTX-G were determined to be 3.5, 5.0, and 1.0 x 10(4) HU/mg, respectively. Exogenous sphingomyelin inhibits their action on the erythrocyte membrane. The N-terminal sequence of RTX-A was determined to be ALAGAIIAGAGL/KGLKI/FLIEVLGEG--V/NKVKI-.

[Low-molecular cytolysins and trypsin inhibitors from sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus. Isolation and partial characterization]. / Nizkomolekuliarnye tsitoliziny i ingibitory tripsina iz morskoi aktinii Radianthus macrodactylus. Vydelenie i chastichnaia kharakteristika.

Two low-molecular cytolytic toxins (RmI and RmII) and four trypsin inhibitors were isolated from the aqueous extract of sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus. The method of isolation involved precipitation with acetone, gel filtration on acrylex P-4, ion-exchange chromatography on CM-32 cellulose, affinity chromatography on trypsin-binding sepharose 4B, ion exchange chromatography on an Ultrapore TSK CM-3SW column, and reversed phase HPLC on a Silasorb C18 column. RmI, RmII, and JnI inhibitor displayed molecular masses 5100, 6100, and 7100 Da, respectively, when subjected to SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric points were 9.2 and 9.3 for RmI and RmII, respectively. The amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid residue (glycine) were determined for RmI, RmII, and JnI. Both proteins were nontoxic to mice and crabs. Hemolytic activity was determined to be 25 and 20 HU/mg for RmI and RmII, respectively, and their action on erythrocyte membrane was not inhibited by exogenous sphingomyelin. RmI and RmII exhibited antihistamine activity.

[Kordaron and functional disorders of the thyroid gland]. / Kordaron i narusheniia funktsii shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

The paper presents a brief review of literature data on cordaron action on thyroid function under a prolonged schedule of its use, and a description of 4 cases of thyrotoxicosis developed by males after 2-10 years of cordaron maintenance for paroxysms of cardiac fibrillation in a dose of 200-600 mg. Probability of thyrotoxicosis necessitates an assessment of thyroid function when planning long-term treatment with cordaron.

[The diagnostic effectiveness of an immunoenzyme test system for determining diphtheria toxin antigens in the blood serum in a clinical laboratory trial]. / Diagnosticheskaia éffektivnost' immunofermentnoi test-sistemy dlia opredeleniia antigenov difteriinogo toksina v syvorotke krovi pri kliniko-laboratornym ispytanii.

The data on the approbation of the diagnostic value of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system for the determination of diphtheria toxin in the blood sera of diphtheria patients and persons suspected for diphtheria are presented. The EIA system was prepared on the basis of F(ab)2 fractions of purified antidiphtheria antibodies. 240 serum samples from diphtheria and tonsillitis patients and from healthy persons were studied. Diphtheria toxin was determined in all patients with the toxic form of diphtheria and in 41.3% of patients with its localized forms. Blood was taken mainly of the first week of the disease. In healthy persons the results of EIA were negative. Thus, the trial of the assay system in a clinical laboratory showed its good diagnostic effectiveness. The use of this EIA system in medical practice is believed to be quite promising.

[The characteristics of the therapeutic procedure in ophthalmological operations on diabetics]. / Osobennosti lechebnoi taktiki pri oftal'mologicheskikh operatsiiakh u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The paper presents data about the influence of presurgical preparation, a special tactics of management on the day of operation and the first postoperative days on the incidence of complications, visual acuity and the term of the patient's stay in a specialized bed after cataract extraction and antiglaucomatous operations in patients of elderly and senile age, suffering from diabetes mellitus. It is substantiated that specialized ophthalmological hospitals of a surgical profile should have a therapist on staff with obligatory endocrinologic preparation.

[Amino acid sequence of a neurotoxin from the anemone Radianthus macrodactylus]. / Aminokislotnaia posledovatel'nost' neirotoksina iz aktinii Radianthus macrodactylus.

Amino acid sequence of neurotoxin I isolated from the anemone Radianthus macrodactylus, and consisted of 48 amino acid residues, including six cysteines, was determined by analysis of products of its trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion.

[Disulfide bonds in neurotoxin-III from the sea anenome Radianthus macrodactylus]. / Disul'fidnye sviazi v neirotoksine-III iz aktinii Radianthus macrodactylus.

Positions of the three disulfide bridges in neurotoxin-III (RTX-III) from sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus were determined: Cys3--Cys43, Cys5--Cys33, Cys26--Cys44. The cystine-containing peptides obtained by the staphylococcal proteinase/trypsin digestion of the intact RTX-III were investigated.

[Use of an affinity chromatography method for isolating monospecific Salmonella antibodies]. / Primenenie metoda affinnoi khromatografii dlia polucheniia monospetsificheskikh antitel k sal'monellam.

Obtaining antibodies to individual components of Salmonella antigenic complex is highly important for investigations aimed at the study of the antigenic structure of bacteria, their serological identification and the development of diagnostic preparations. The method of obtaining antibodies by the oxidation of Salmonella antigens with sodium periodate and creating immunosorbents based on these antibodies with subsequent affinity chromatography has been developed. Monospecific antibodies thus obtained (O2, O4, O9) have been studied and used as monospecific preparations in the agglutination test, the immunofluorescence test and the immunosorbent assay. The development of methods for stabilizing these preparations, thus ensuring their wide practical use, may be of interest.

[Amino acid sequence of neurotoxins IV and V from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus]. / Aminokislotnaia posledovatel'nost' neirotoksinov IV i V iz aktinii Radianthus macrodactylus.

Amino acid sequences of neurotoxins RTX-IV and RTX-V isolated from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus were determined by the automated Edman degradation; their polypeptide chains consist of 48 and 47 amino acid residues, respectively. For identification of tryptophan-30 in toxin RTX-IV, its trypsin and chymotrypsin digests were investigated. Amino acid sequences of the above toxins show that they belong to a new structural class and that C-terminal positive charge and tyrosine-25 are important for toxic activity of sea anemone polypeptides.

[Amino acid sequence of neurotoxin II from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus]. / Aminokislotnaia posledovatel'nost' neirotoksina II iz aktinii Radianthus macrodactylus.

Amino acid sequence of neurotoxin II isolated from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus was determined by analysis of peptides obtained after its digestion with trypsin and staphylococcal proteinase. It is shown that the polypeptide chain of the toxin consists of 48 amino acid residues, including six cysteines.

[Comparative study of the proteolytic products of fibronectins in the serum of adult and embryonic animals formed under the effects of proteinases of the spleen]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie produktov proteoliza fibronektinov syvorotki vzroslykh i émbrional'nykh zhivotnykh, obrazuiushchikhsia pri deistvii proteinaz selezenki.

The effects of two spleen proteinases, cathepsin D and thiol proteinase I active in neutral media--on the structural properties of fibronectins from blood plasma on adult animals and their embryos were investigated. Proteinase I and cathepsin D caused rapid fragmentation of all fibronectins under study. Fibronectin from calf embryonic serum was more sensitive to proteinase I than that from adult animal serum. The molecular weight and the correlation between the proteolytic products formed under the influence of each enzyme, on the embryonic and "adult" fibronectins, are very similar but not identical. Similar results were obtained in experiments with proteolytic products of chicken serum and embryo fibronectins. Fragmentation of embryonic fibronectin occurs more rapidly than that of chicken fibronectin; the fibronectin proteolytic products differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. However, the determination of structural differences between these fibronectins is considerably hampered by the presence of protein contaminations in chicken fibronectin preparations.

[Intracellular localization of fibronectin-synthesizing polyribosomes using I125 collagen]. / Izuchenie vnutrikletochnoi lokalizatsii fibronektinsinteziruiushchikh poliribosom pri pomoshchi [125I]kollagena.

Interaction of 125I-collagen with fibronectin-synthesizing polyribosomes, isolated from 9 days old chicken embryos, was studied. The interaction was maximal at the ratio of 0.1 microgram 125I-collagen and 5 ou of polyribosomes. Specific reaction of 125I-collagen with fibronectin polypeptides growing on polyribosomes was estimated by means of antibodies to fibronectin inhibiting the complex formation of polyribosomes-125I-collagen. The antibodies were shown to decrease the reaction rate of total polyribosomes (free and membrane-bound) with 125I-collagen by 25.4% and of free polyribosomes - by 6.7%. The data obtained suggest that fibronectin is synthesized mainly on polyribosomes, bound with the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum.