RESUMO
GH is generally believed to signal exclusively through Janus tyrosine kinases (JAK), particularly JAK2, leading to activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways, resulting in transcriptional regulation of target genes. Here we report the creation of targeted knock-in mice wherein the Box1 motif required for JAK2 activation by the GH receptor (GHR) has been disabled by four Pro/Ala mutations. These mice are unable to activate hepatic JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, or Akt in response to GH injection but can activate Src and ERK1/2. Their phenotype is identical to that of the GHR(-/-) mouse, emphasizing the key role of JAK2 in postnatal growth and the minimization of obesity in older males. In particular, they show dysregulation of the IGF-I/IGF-binding protein axis at transcript and protein levels and decreased bone length. Because no gross phenotypic differences were evident between GHR(-/-) and Box1 mutants, we undertook transcript profiling in liver from 4-month-old males. We compared their transcript profiles with our 391-GHR truncated mice, which activate JAK2, ERK1/2, and STAT3 in response to GH but not STAT5a/b. This has allowed us for the first time to identify in vivo Src/ERK-regulated transcripts, JAK2-regulated transcripts, and those regulated by the distal part of the GHR, particularly by STAT5.
Assuntos
Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Receptores da Somatotropina/genética , Receptores da Somatotropina/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Envelhecimento , Animais , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Linhagem Celular , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Introdução de Genes , Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Proteínas de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante a Insulina/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante a Insulina/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/genética , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Especificidade de Órgãos , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição STAT/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuais , Quinases da Família src/metabolismoRESUMO
The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a critical regulator of postnatal growth and metabolism. However, the GHR signaling domains and pathways that regulate these processes in vivo are not defined. We report the first knock-in mouse models with deletions of specific domains of the receptor that are required for its in vivo actions. Mice expressing truncations at residue m569 (plus Y539/545-F) and at residue m391 displayed a progressive impairment of postnatal growth with receptor truncation. Moreover, after 4 months of age, marked male obesity was observed in both mutant 569 and mutant 391 and was associated with hyperglycemia. Both mutants activated hepatic JAK2 and ERK2, whereas STAT5 phosphorylation was substantially decreased for mutant 569 and absent from mutant 391, correlating with loss of IGF-1 expression and reduction in growth. Microarray analysis of these and GHR(-/-) mice demonstrated that particular signaling domains are responsible for the regulation of different target genes and revealed novel actions of growth hormone. These mice represent the first step in delineating the domains of the GHR regulating body growth and composition and the transcripts associated with these domains.
