Dietary Intervention Associated With Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Leads to Changes in the Inflammatory Profile in Visceral Adipose Tissue but Not in Skeletal Muscle in Diet-Induced Obese Rats.

This study aimed to determine the concentrations of inflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle, and changes in body mass and adipocyte size in diet-induced obese rats after moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or dietary intervention. After 8 weeks of obesity induction through a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, twenty diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: (i) control rats fed with HFD (HFD-SED), (ii) obese rats fed with HFD and submitted to MICT (HFD-MICT), (iii) obese rats that were submitted to a nutritional intervention by switching HFD to chow diet (CD-SED), and (iv) obese rats that were submitted to MICT and nutritional intervention (CD-MICT). All the animals in the training groups were submitted to MICT, with an intensity of 50-85% of V max , 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle (GAST) and mesenteric adipose tissue (mWAT) were collected to quantify tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 using ELISA. The body mass was recorded before and after the experimental protocols, and the adipocyte morphology was assessed using histological analysis. The results showed that HFD-SED had higher body mass, higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in mWAT, and higher increase in adipocyte size. The CD-SED and CD-MICT groups presented with reduced body mass, relative weight of mWAT, and adipocyte size. Moreover, the inflammatory markers in mWAT were reduced after dietary intervention (TNF-α), MICT (IL-10 and TNF-α), or both interventions combined (IL-6 and TNF-α). In contrast, there was no reduction in GAST-relative weight or concentrations of inflammatory markers for any treatment. Finally, we concluded that 8 weeks of dietary intervention alone and combined with MICT were effective in reducing some of the deleterious effects caused by obesity.

Self-selected vs. Fixed Repetition Duration: Effects on Number of Repetitions and Muscle Activation in Resistance-Trained Men.

Nóbrega, SR, Barroso, R, Ugrinowitsch, C, da Costa, JLF, Alvarez, IF, Barcelos, C, and Libardi, CA. Self-selected vs. fixed repetition duration: effects on number of repetitions and muscle activation in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2419-2424, 2018-The aim of this study was to compare the effects of self-selected and fixed repetition duration (RD) on resistance exercise (RE) volume, muscle activation, and time under tension (TUT) per repetition and per session. Twelve resistance-trained men participated in the study. A randomized cross-over design was used and each participant performed 2 high-intensity RE protocols in a balanced order: (a) 3 sets of RE with self-selected RD (SELF); and (b) 3 sets of RE with fixed RD (2-second concentric and 2-second eccentric [FIX]). Muscle activation was assessed through surface electromyography (EMG) of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis throughout RE sessions. Overall, RE volume was significantly greater for SELF (p = 0.01), whereas TUT per repetition was significantly greater for FIX (p = 0.0001). No significant differences between protocols were detected for TUT per session. Between-protocol comparisons revealed significantly greater EMG amplitude for SELF compared with FIX at S1 (p = 0.01), S2 (p = 0.03), and S3 (p = 0.03). Both SELF and FIX protocols produced significant increases in EMG amplitude from 25 to 100% (p < 0.001) of set completion. Between-protocol comparisons revealed significantly greater EMG amplitude for SELF compared with FIX at 75% (p = 0.03) and 100% (p = 0.01). In conclusion, self-selected RD resulted in greater volume and muscle activation compared with fixed RD in an RE session.