Estrategia educativa no ensino de anatomia humana aplicada à enfermagem / An educational strategy for teaching human anatomy to nurses

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de uma estratégia educativa no ensino de anatomia humana aplicada à enfermagem. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, do tipo pré e pós-teste. A amostra foi composta por alunos do primeiro período do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade do nordeste do Brasil, durante o ano de 2014. A estratégia educativa foi composta por aulas expositivas dialogadas, com a utilização de casos clínicos. Resultados: foram abordados os seguintes conteúdos: miologia e aplicações intramusculares; sistema nervoso e reflexos; sistema cardiovascular, punção venosa e pressão arterial; sistema geniturinário, exame ginecológico e sondagem vesical. Verificou-se evolução quantitativa no período pós-teste em todas as aulas da estratégia educativa. Conclusão: a estratégia educativa foi considerada positiva, expressa pelo número de acertos no pós-teste e por associações estatísticas significativas. Destaca-se ainda a contribuição dessa estratégia no processo de formação crítica e reflexiva dos futuros enfermeiros.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una estrategia educativa en la enseñanza de la anatomía humana aplicada a la enfermería. Método: estudio descriptivo del tipo pre y post teste. La muestra está formada por alumnos del primer semestre de enfermería de una universidad del noreste de Brasil, durante el 2014. La estrategia educativa se compone de conferencias dialogadas con el uso de casos clínicos. Resultados: fueron abordados los siguientes contenidos: miología y aplicaciones intramusculares; sistema nervioso y reflejos; sistema cardiovascular, venopunción y presión arterial; sistema genitourinario, examen ginecológico y sondaje vesical. Se verificó evolución cuantitativa post-test en todas las clases de la estrategia educativa. Conclusión: la estrategia educativa se consideró positiva, medida por el número de respuestas correctas en el post-test y asociaciones estadísticas significantes. También se destaca la contribución de esta estrategia al proceso de formación crítica y reflexiva de los futuros enfermeros.

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational strategy in teaching Human Anatomy to nurses. Method: a descriptive study of the pre and post-course-test type. The respondents were a sample of students in the first period of the nursing course at a university of Northeast Brazil, during 2014. The educational strategy made use of lectures where the students interacted with the teachers and included the study of clinical cases. Results: the course dealt with the following subjects: myology and intramuscular injections; the nervous system and reflex actions; the cardiovascular system, venipuncture and blood pressure; the genitourinary system, gynecological examinations and urinary catheterization. The post-course tests provided a quantitative confirmation of the progress of the students. Conclusion: measured by the number of correct answers in the post-course test, which was statistically significant, the educational strategy was considered to be positive and also confirmed the value of the strategy for the practical training and critical thought of future nurses.

The mixture of cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil results in an efficient larvicide against Aedes aegypti that does not alter embryo-fetal development, reproductive performance or DNA integrity.

Dengue fever, chikungunya fever and Zika virus are epidemics in Brazil that are transmitted by mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus. The liquid from shells of cashew nuts is attractive for its important biological and therapeutic activities, which include toxicity to mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. The present study evaluated the effects of a mixture of surfactants from natural cashew nutshell liquid and castor oil (named TaLCC-20) on the mortality of larvae and on the reproductive performance, embryonic and fetal development and genetic stability of Swiss mice. A total of 400 Ae. aegypti larvae (third larval stage) were treated with TaLCC-20 concentrations of 0.05 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, or 5 mg/L (ppm). Twenty pregnant female mice were also orally administered TaLCC-20 at doses of 5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), and 10 animals were given only drinking water at 0.1 mL/10 g b.w. (orally). The results of a larvicide test demonstrated that 5 mg/mL TaLCC-20 killed 100% of larvae within three hours, which is comparable to the gold standard indicated by the Ministry of Health. Overall, these results show that TaLCC-20 is an efficient larvicide that does not induce genetic damage. In addition, changes in reproductive performance and embryo-fetal development appear positive, and the formulation is cost effective. Therefore, TaLCC-20 is an important product in the exploration of natural larvicides and can assist in fighting mosquitos as vectors for dengue fever, chikungunya fever and Zika virus, which are emerging/re-emerging and require proper management to ensure minimal harm to the human population. Therefore, TaLCC-20 can be considered a key alternative to commercial products, which are effective yet toxigenic.

Participation in nighttime activities in the genesis of depression in public school teachers from the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.

Teachers often undertake nighttime work involving exam corrections, projects and devising lesson plans in their homes. Many present excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and depression. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate EDS and depression in teachers from public schools. METHODS: 201 female teachers were evaluated in the district of Quipapá/PE, Brazil. Among the study sample, 38 working 1 shift (CONTROL 1), 40 working 2 shifts (CONTROL 2) and 123 working 3 shifts (WTeachers-3T). The subjects were submitted to evaluation by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).The EDS data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparison, p<0.05and expressed in MEDIAN (MINIMUM - MAXIMUM) whereas the depression data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, with p<0.05, expressed in percentage. RESULTS: WTeachers-3T presented excessive daytime sleepiness and higher rates of mild (24%) and moderate (37%) depression compared to controls - Control 1: mild (8%) and moderate (11%) - Control 2: mild (5%) and moderate (15%). CONCLUSION: This study found that teachers in the Quipapá municipality of Penambuco state working three shifts showed excessive daytime sleepiness and a higher percentage of mild and moderate depression compared to teachers working only one (1) or two (2) shifts.

Professores têm trabalhado muito no período noturno com correções de provas, trabalhos e elaborando planejamento de ensino em suas casas. Muitos estão apresentando sonolência excessiva diurna (SED) e depressão. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar sonolência excessiva diurna e depressão em professoras da rede pública. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 201 professoras do município de Quipapá/PE, Brasil, sendo 38 que trabalham em 1 turno (CONTROLE 1), 40 que trabalham em 2 turnos (CONTROLE 2) e 123 que trabalham em 3 turnos (PROFas-3T). Os sujeitos foram avaliados pela Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e pelo Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Os dados referentes à SE foram analisados pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis com comparação múltipla em Dunn, p<0,05 e expressos em MEDIANA (MÍNIMO - MÁXIMO) e os dados referentes à depressão foram analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado, com p<0,05, expressos em percentuais. RESULTADOS: PROFas-3T apresentam sonolência excessiva e apresentam maior percentual de depressão leve (24%) e moderada (37%) comparadas a seus controles - CONTROLE 1: leve (8%) e moderada (11%) - CONTROLE 2: leve (5%) e moderada (15%). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo observou que professoras da rede municipal de Quipapá/PE que trabalham em 3 turnos apresentam sonolência excessiva e maior percentual de depressão leve e moderada comparadas às professoras que trabalham em 1 (um) ou em 2 (dois) turnos.