Use of constrained mixture design for optimization of method for determination of zinc and manganese in tea leaves employing slurry sampling.

A slurry suspension sampling technique has been developed for manganese and zinc determination in tea leaves by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The proportions of liquid-phase of the slurries composed by HCl, HNO(3) and Triton X-100 solutions have been optimized applying a constrained mixture design. The optimized conditions were 200mg of sample ground in a tungsten carbide balls mill (particle size<100 microm), dilution in a liquid-phase composed by 2.0 mol L(-1) nitric, 2.0 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid and 2.5% Triton X-100 solutions (in the proportions of 50%, 12% and 38% respectively), sonication time of 10 min and final slurry volume of 50.0 mL. This method allowed the determination of manganese and zinc by FAAS, with detection limits of 0.46 and 0.66 microg g(-1), respectively. The precisions, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), are 6.9 and 5.5% (n=10), for concentrations of manganese and zinc of 20 and 40 microg g(-1), respectively. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analysis of the certified apple leaves (NIST 1515) and spinach leaves (NIST 1570a). The proposed method was applied for the determination of manganese and zinc in tea leaves used for the preparation of infusions. The obtained concentrations varied between 42 and 118 microg g(-1) and 18.6 and 90 microg g(-1), respectively, for manganese and zinc. The results were compared with those obtained by an acid digestion procedure and determination of the elements by FAAS. There was no significant difference between the results obtained by the two methods based on a paired t-test (at 95% confidence level).

Thermospray generation directly into a flame furnace--an alternative to improve the detection power in atomic absorption spectrometry.

Recent developments and applications in the production of thermosprays directly into flame furnaces to improve the analytical sensitivity in atomic absorption spectrometry are reviewed in this manuscript. Principles, characteristics, instrumentation, and applications of this analytical technique for trace elements determination in several matrices are discussed. The use of preconcentration procedures to allow low detection limits for ultra-trace levels using TS-FF-AAS is presented and current perspectives and future trends of this technique are also discussed.