RESUMO
Several studies show a synergistic effect between intumescent formulations and aluminosilicates, such as zeolites and clays, but little is known about the effect of acidity of these additives on the synergistic action. In this work, H-ZSM-5 zeolite was submitted to desilication treatments for 30 min and for 2 h, and silicalite-1 was synthesized. The objective was to obtain samples of equivalent crystalline structure, but with different amounts of acid sites, in order to evaluate the effect of acid concentration of H-ZSM-5 zeolites on the synergistic action with an intumescent formulation composed by ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol in polypropylene. H-ZSM-5 zeolites and silicalite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption analysis and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. The desilication produced H-ZSM-5 zeolites with similar volumes of mesopores in both treatments, but the zeolite resulting from 2 h of desilication presented a higher concentration of acid sites than the zeolite from 30 min. The flame-retardant properties were evaluated by UL-94 classification, limiting oxygen index, glow-wire, thermogravimetric analysis and heating microscopy. The results showed that increasing the concentration and accessibility of the acid sites of H-ZSM-5 zeolites the flame-retardant properties of the studied composites improved. It is suggested that the increase of acid site concentration positively influences the catalysis of the reaction between ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol, favoring the production of the precursors of the intumescent layer.
RESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance, carcass yield and cuts of free range female broiler chickens submitted to diets containing cassava root meal (CRM). We used 400 naked neck chicks female at one day-old line ISA S575-N, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates of 25 birds. The treatments consisted of the inclusion of 0, 15, 30 and 45% of CRM in diet. The performance of the birds was evaluated in periods 1 to 28, 1 to 56 days and 1 to 84 days of age and carcass yield and cuts to 85 days of age. There was no difference during the evaluated periods. For the variables of yield, there was a difference in yield back (YB) and percentage of abdominal fat (AF), decrease linear with the increase of CRM (YB = 20.92859 0.01636x, r² = 0.35, AF = 2.73339 0.02779x, r² = 0.49). The CRM can be used in free range broiler chickens diets to 45%, without impairing yields performance of carcass and cuts.
Foram avaliados o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e os cortes de fêmeas de frangos de corte tipo caipira, submetidos a dietas à base de farelo da raiz integral de mandioca (FRIM). Foram utilizados 400 pintos fêmeas de pescoço pelado com um dia de idade, da linhagem ISA S575-N, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições de 25 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram na inclusão de 0, 15, 30 e 45% de FRIM na dieta. O desempenho das aves foi avaliado nos períodos de 1 a 28, 1 a 56 e 1 a 84 dias de idade, e o rendimento de carcaça e de cortes aos 85 dias de idade. Não houve diferenças nas variáveis de desempenho analisadas, durante as fases de criação das aves. Para as variáveis de rendimento, houve diferença, para rendimento de dorso (RD) e percentual de gordura abdominal (GA), e diminuição de forma linear com o aumento de FRIM (RD = 20,92859 0,01636x, r² = 0,35; GA = 2,73339 0,02779x, r² = 0,49). O FRIM pode ser utilizado em dietas para frangos de corte tipo caipira em até 45% de inclusão, sem prejuízo do desempenho dos rendimentos de carcaça e de cortes.
RESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance, carcass yield and cuts of free range female broiler chickens submitted to diets containing cassava root meal (CRM). We used 400 naked neck chicks female at one day-old line ISA S575-N, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates of 25 birds. The treatments consisted of the inclusion of 0, 15, 30 and 45% of CRM in diet. The performance of the birds was evaluated in periods 1 to 28, 1 to 56 days and 1 to 84 days of age and carcass yield and cuts to 85 days of age. There was no difference during the evaluated periods. For the variables of yield, there was a difference in yield back (YB) and percentage of abdominal fat (AF), decrease linear with the increase of CRM (YB = 20.92859 0.01636x, r² = 0.35, AF = 2.73339 0.02779x, r² = 0.49). The CRM can be used in free range broiler chickens diets to 45%, without impairing yields performance of carcass and cuts.
Foram avaliados o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e os cortes de fêmeas de frangos de corte tipo caipira, submetidos a dietas à base de farelo da raiz integral de mandioca (FRIM). Foram utilizados 400 pintos fêmeas de pescoço pelado com um dia de idade, da linhagem ISA S575-N, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições de 25 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram na inclusão de 0, 15, 30 e 45% de FRIM na dieta. O desempenho das aves foi avaliado nos períodos de 1 a 28, 1 a 56 e 1 a 84 dias de idade, e o rendimento de carcaça e de cortes aos 85 dias de idade. Não houve diferenças nas variáveis de desempenho analisadas, durante as fases de criação das aves. Para as variáveis de rendimento, houve diferença, para rendimento de dorso (RD) e percentual de gordura abdominal (GA), e diminuição de forma linear com o aumento de FRIM (RD = 20,92859 0,01636x, r² = 0,35; GA = 2,73339 0,02779x, r² = 0,49). O FRIM pode ser utilizado em dietas para frangos de corte tipo caipira em até 45% de inclusão, sem prejuízo do desempenho dos rendimentos de carcaça e de cortes.